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Into the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science
Into the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103654
- ISBN
- 9798314889725
- DDC
- 574.5
- 저자명
- Wafer, Alexis.
- 서명/저자
- Into the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 230 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Hovick, Stephen.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Intraspecific trait variation can allow species to successfully establish and persist acrossheterogeneous landscapes. The degree of intraspecific variation we see in any given species often results from a complicated array of ecological and evolutionary processes, including local adaptation and differing levels of gene flow across landscapes (Albert et al. 2011). Originally a riparian species, giant ragweed is a phenotypically variable species that has adapted its niche to colonize other habitats, including railroads, fence rows, and crop fields (Bassett and Crompton 1982; Sosnoskie et al. 2007). Both crop and non-crop habitats experience similar levels of disturbance, facilitating population adaptation and range expansion. Giant ragweed populations have relatively high levels of gene flow (Jhala et al. 2021), which should homogenize the alleles among populations and not allow for local adaptation. However, local adaptation can occur in the face of high levels of gene flow if the selection pressures exerted on the population are strong enough. Delayed emergence would be adaptive in crop fields where early-season herbicide application would lead to seedling mortality and may be a result of local adaptation despite high levels of gene flow due to high selective pressures. Variation in emergence timing has been documented in giant ragweed, with earlier emergence observed in riparian populations compared to crop populations (Hovick et al. 2018). Additionally, geographic variation in seed size has been reported, with eastern populations producing larger seeds than western populations (Hovick et al. 2018). Given these regional differences in seed traits and population genetic structure across the species? range (Li et al. 2022), an open question remains as to whether phenotypic variation in emergence timing follows similar geographic patterns.Giant ragweed, a native North American annual with weedy populations, has been observed exhibiting variable emergence phenology in response to environmental variation (Harnett et al. 1987; Hovick et al. 2018). This has been assumed to reflect local adaptation for the species, yet the prevalence of these patterns across the species? range remains unclear. Additionally, it is unknown whether this variation extends to other traits that contribute to weed success, such as seed dormancy, seed size, or competitive ability. Giant ragweed presents a compelling system for investigating how strong selective pressures in agricultural environments can drive phenotypic divergence despite genetic homogenization. Moreover, its status as one of the most problematic weeds in North American cropping systems (Abul-Fatih and Bazzaz 1979) makes understanding its adaptive potential critical for improving weed management strategies. These features, combined with its broad geographic distribution and distinct habitat transitions, provide a unique opportunity to explore the evolution of weediness along a regional gradient.In this dissertation, I investigate the role of local and regional adaptation in giant ragweed populations across agricultural and non-agricultural habitats. I use a combination of controlled germination experiments, reciprocal transplant studies, and common garden trials to assess variation in seed fate, emergence timing, and fitness traits. The first three chapters focus on specific aspects of adaptation, while the final chapter synthesizes these findings to evaluate the broader ecological and management implications of weed evolution.In Chapter 1, "Seed fate and germination responses to temperature fluctuations in agricultural and non-agricultural populations of giant ragweed," a germination chamber experiment was conducted to examine how giant ragweed populations from crop fields andriparian habitats respond to temperature fluctuation regimes that mimic their respectiveenvironments. Results reveal that agricultural populations?especially those from the eastern Corn Belt?are more responsive to temperature fluctuation magnitudes than riparian populations, suggesting selection in agricultural environments has driven differentiation in germination traits. Additionally, increased temperature fluctuation and warming temperatures both accelerated germination, highlighting the potential for climate change to influence weed emergence dynamics.In Chapter 2, " The Influence of Competition on Habitat-Based Differentiation in Emergence and Fitness," I tested whether competition influences local adaptation by conducting a reciprocal transplant experiment using crop and non-crop populations. While emergence timing did not vary significantly between habitat types, delayed emergence was associated with reduced survival. These findings suggest that earlier emergence is generally advantageous for giant ragweed populations and may play a role in fitness differences across habitats.In Chapter 3, "Assessing regional- and local-scale adaptation in giant ragweed," I expanded the scope of the research by evaluating geographic variation in seed traits, emergence patterns, and reproductive allocation in populations across the U.S. Corn Belt. Common garden experiments in Ohio and Nebraska revealed that western populations emerge earlier and produce smaller seeds, while eastern populations exhibit delayed emergence and larger seeds. These differences suggest distinct selective pressures operate across the species? range, with western populations favoring rapid establishment in drier environments and eastern populations prioritizing seedling survival in competitive settings.Finally, in Chapter 4, "Synthesis: The ecological and evolutionary implications ofadaptations in crop weeds," I integrate the findings from the previous chapters to assess how environmental variation and management strategies may interact to shape weed evolution. The evidence supports the role of local adaptation in agricultural populations but also highlights regional differences in selection pressures that contribute to variation in emergence and reproductive traits. These findings have important implications for weed management, as they suggest that adaptive responses to agricultural practices may vary geographically, requiring tailored control strategies. Additionally, climate change may further complicate management efforts by altering temperature-driven emergence cues and favoring more plastic weed populations.Together, these chapters provide a comprehensive examination of giant ragweed adaptation, shedding light on the complex interactions between environmental variation, evolutionary processes, and agricultural management strategies. This research underscores the importance of integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives into weed management and highlights the role of local adaptation in shaping the persistence and spread of an economically significant agricultural weed.
- 일반주제명
- Ecology
- 일반주제명
- Biology
- 키워드
- Local adaptation
- 키워드
- Giant ragweed
- 키워드
- Weed adaptation
- 키워드
- Weed evolution
- 기타저자
- The Ohio State University Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574.5
■1001 ▼aWafer, Alexis.
■24510▼aInto the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe Ohio State University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a230 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Hovick, Stephen.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2025.
■520 ▼aIntraspecific trait variation can allow species to successfully establish and persist acrossheterogeneous landscapes. The degree of intraspecific variation we see in any given species often results from a complicated array of ecological and evolutionary processes, including local adaptation and differing levels of gene flow across landscapes (Albert et al. 2011). Originally a riparian species, giant ragweed is a phenotypically variable species that has adapted its niche to colonize other habitats, including railroads, fence rows, and crop fields (Bassett and Crompton 1982; Sosnoskie et al. 2007). Both crop and non-crop habitats experience similar levels of disturbance, facilitating population adaptation and range expansion. Giant ragweed populations have relatively high levels of gene flow (Jhala et al. 2021), which should homogenize the alleles among populations and not allow for local adaptation. However, local adaptation can occur in the face of high levels of gene flow if the selection pressures exerted on the population are strong enough. Delayed emergence would be adaptive in crop fields where early-season herbicide application would lead to seedling mortality and may be a result of local adaptation despite high levels of gene flow due to high selective pressures. Variation in emergence timing has been documented in giant ragweed, with earlier emergence observed in riparian populations compared to crop populations (Hovick et al. 2018). Additionally, geographic variation in seed size has been reported, with eastern populations producing larger seeds than western populations (Hovick et al. 2018). Given these regional differences in seed traits and population genetic structure across the species? range (Li et al. 2022), an open question remains as to whether phenotypic variation in emergence timing follows similar geographic patterns.Giant ragweed, a native North American annual with weedy populations, has been observed exhibiting variable emergence phenology in response to environmental variation (Harnett et al. 1987; Hovick et al. 2018). This has been assumed to reflect local adaptation for the species, yet the prevalence of these patterns across the species? range remains unclear. Additionally, it is unknown whether this variation extends to other traits that contribute to weed success, such as seed dormancy, seed size, or competitive ability. Giant ragweed presents a compelling system for investigating how strong selective pressures in agricultural environments can drive phenotypic divergence despite genetic homogenization. Moreover, its status as one of the most problematic weeds in North American cropping systems (Abul-Fatih and Bazzaz 1979) makes understanding its adaptive potential critical for improving weed management strategies. These features, combined with its broad geographic distribution and distinct habitat transitions, provide a unique opportunity to explore the evolution of weediness along a regional gradient.In this dissertation, I investigate the role of local and regional adaptation in giant ragweed populations across agricultural and non-agricultural habitats. I use a combination of controlled germination experiments, reciprocal transplant studies, and common garden trials to assess variation in seed fate, emergence timing, and fitness traits. The first three chapters focus on specific aspects of adaptation, while the final chapter synthesizes these findings to evaluate the broader ecological and management implications of weed evolution.In Chapter 1, "Seed fate and germination responses to temperature fluctuations in agricultural and non-agricultural populations of giant ragweed," a germination chamber experiment was conducted to examine how giant ragweed populations from crop fields andriparian habitats respond to temperature fluctuation regimes that mimic their respectiveenvironments. Results reveal that agricultural populations?especially those from the eastern Corn Belt?are more responsive to temperature fluctuation magnitudes than riparian populations, suggesting selection in agricultural environments has driven differentiation in germination traits. Additionally, increased temperature fluctuation and warming temperatures both accelerated germination, highlighting the potential for climate change to influence weed emergence dynamics.In Chapter 2, " The Influence of Competition on Habitat-Based Differentiation in Emergence and Fitness," I tested whether competition influences local adaptation by conducting a reciprocal transplant experiment using crop and non-crop populations. While emergence timing did not vary significantly between habitat types, delayed emergence was associated with reduced survival. These findings suggest that earlier emergence is generally advantageous for giant ragweed populations and may play a role in fitness differences across habitats.In Chapter 3, "Assessing regional- and local-scale adaptation in giant ragweed," I expanded the scope of the research by evaluating geographic variation in seed traits, emergence patterns, and reproductive allocation in populations across the U.S. Corn Belt. Common garden experiments in Ohio and Nebraska revealed that western populations emerge earlier and produce smaller seeds, while eastern populations exhibit delayed emergence and larger seeds. These differences suggest distinct selective pressures operate across the species? range, with western populations favoring rapid establishment in drier environments and eastern populations prioritizing seedling survival in competitive settings.Finally, in Chapter 4, "Synthesis: The ecological and evolutionary implications ofadaptations in crop weeds," I integrate the findings from the previous chapters to assess how environmental variation and management strategies may interact to shape weed evolution. The evidence supports the role of local adaptation in agricultural populations but also highlights regional differences in selection pressures that contribute to variation in emergence and reproductive traits. These findings have important implications for weed management, as they suggest that adaptive responses to agricultural practices may vary geographically, requiring tailored control strategies. Additionally, climate change may further complicate management efforts by altering temperature-driven emergence cues and favoring more plastic weed populations.Together, these chapters provide a comprehensive examination of giant ragweed adaptation, shedding light on the complex interactions between environmental variation, evolutionary processes, and agricultural management strategies. This research underscores the importance of integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives into weed management and highlights the role of local adaptation in shaping the persistence and spread of an economically significant agricultural weed.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0168.
■650 4▼aEcology
■650 4▼aBiology
■653 ▼aLocal adaptation
■653 ▼aGermination timing
■653 ▼aGiant ragweed
■653 ▼aWeed adaptation
■653 ▼aWeed evolution
■653 ▼aSeed size-seed number trade-off
■690 ▼a0329
■690 ▼a0306
■71020▼aThe Ohio State University▼bEvolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-11B.
■790 ▼a0168
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358173▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


