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Into the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science
Into the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science
Into the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103654
ISBN  
9798314889725
DDC  
574.5
저자명  
Wafer, Alexis.
서명/저자  
Into the Weeds: Integrating Evolutionary Ecology Into Weed Science
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
230 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hovick, Stephen.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Intraspecific trait variation can allow species to successfully establish and persist acrossheterogeneous landscapes. The degree of intraspecific variation we see in any given species often results from a complicated array of ecological and evolutionary processes, including local adaptation and differing levels of gene flow across landscapes (Albert et al. 2011). Originally a riparian species, giant ragweed is a phenotypically variable species that has adapted its niche to colonize other habitats, including railroads, fence rows, and crop fields (Bassett and Crompton 1982; Sosnoskie et al. 2007). Both crop and non-crop habitats experience similar levels of disturbance, facilitating population adaptation and range expansion. Giant ragweed populations have relatively high levels of gene flow (Jhala et al. 2021), which should homogenize the alleles among populations and not allow for local adaptation. However, local adaptation can occur in the face of high levels of gene flow if the selection pressures exerted on the population are strong enough. Delayed emergence would be adaptive in crop fields where early-season herbicide application would lead to seedling mortality and may be a result of local adaptation despite high levels of gene flow due to high selective pressures. Variation in emergence timing has been documented in giant ragweed, with earlier emergence observed in riparian populations compared to crop populations (Hovick et al. 2018). Additionally, geographic variation in seed size has been reported, with eastern populations producing larger seeds than western populations (Hovick et al. 2018). Given these regional differences in seed traits and population genetic structure across the species? range (Li et al. 2022), an open question remains as to whether phenotypic variation in emergence timing follows similar geographic patterns.Giant ragweed, a native North American annual with weedy populations, has been observed exhibiting variable emergence phenology in response to environmental variation (Harnett et al. 1987; Hovick et al. 2018). This has been assumed to reflect local adaptation for the species, yet the prevalence of these patterns across the species? range remains unclear. Additionally, it is unknown whether this variation extends to other traits that contribute to weed success, such as seed dormancy, seed size, or competitive ability. Giant ragweed presents a compelling system for investigating how strong selective pressures in agricultural environments can drive phenotypic divergence despite genetic homogenization. Moreover, its status as one of the most problematic weeds in North American cropping systems (Abul-Fatih and Bazzaz 1979) makes understanding its adaptive potential critical for improving weed management strategies. These features, combined with its broad geographic distribution and distinct habitat transitions, provide a unique opportunity to explore the evolution of weediness along a regional gradient.In this dissertation, I investigate the role of local and regional adaptation in giant ragweed populations across agricultural and non-agricultural habitats. I use a combination of controlled germination experiments, reciprocal transplant studies, and common garden trials to assess variation in seed fate, emergence timing, and fitness traits. The first three chapters focus on specific aspects of adaptation, while the final chapter synthesizes these findings to evaluate the broader ecological and management implications of weed evolution.In Chapter 1, "Seed fate and germination responses to temperature fluctuations in agricultural and non-agricultural populations of giant ragweed," a germination chamber experiment was conducted to examine how giant ragweed populations from crop fields andriparian habitats respond to temperature fluctuation regimes that mimic their respectiveenvironments. Results reveal that agricultural populations?especially those from the eastern Corn Belt?are more responsive to temperature fluctuation magnitudes than riparian populations, suggesting selection in agricultural environments has driven differentiation in germination traits. Additionally, increased temperature fluctuation and warming temperatures both accelerated germination, highlighting the potential for climate change to influence weed emergence dynamics.In Chapter 2, " The Influence of Competition on Habitat-Based Differentiation in Emergence and Fitness," I tested whether competition influences local adaptation by conducting a reciprocal transplant experiment using crop and non-crop populations. While emergence timing did not vary significantly between habitat types, delayed emergence was associated with reduced survival. These findings suggest that earlier emergence is generally advantageous for giant ragweed populations and may play a role in fitness differences across habitats.In Chapter 3, "Assessing regional- and local-scale adaptation in giant ragweed," I expanded the scope of the research by evaluating geographic variation in seed traits, emergence patterns, and reproductive allocation in populations across the U.S. Corn Belt. Common garden experiments in Ohio and Nebraska revealed that western populations emerge earlier and produce smaller seeds, while eastern populations exhibit delayed emergence and larger seeds. These differences suggest distinct selective pressures operate across the species? range, with western populations favoring rapid establishment in drier environments and eastern populations prioritizing seedling survival in competitive settings.Finally, in Chapter 4, "Synthesis: The ecological and evolutionary implications ofadaptations in crop weeds," I integrate the findings from the previous chapters to assess how environmental variation and management strategies may interact to shape weed evolution. The evidence supports the role of local adaptation in agricultural populations but also highlights regional differences in selection pressures that contribute to variation in emergence and reproductive traits. These findings have important implications for weed management, as they suggest that adaptive responses to agricultural practices may vary geographically, requiring tailored control strategies. Additionally, climate change may further complicate management efforts by altering temperature-driven emergence cues and favoring more plastic weed populations.Together, these chapters provide a comprehensive examination of giant ragweed adaptation, shedding light on the complex interactions between environmental variation, evolutionary processes, and agricultural management strategies. This research underscores the importance of integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives into weed management and highlights the role of local adaptation in shaping the persistence and spread of an economically significant agricultural weed.
일반주제명  
Ecology
일반주제명  
Biology
키워드  
Local adaptation
키워드  
Germination timing
키워드  
Giant ragweed
키워드  
Weed adaptation
키워드  
Weed evolution
키워드  
Seed size-seed number trade-off
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aWafer,  Alexis.
■24510▼aInto  the  Weeds:  Integrating  Evolutionary  Ecology  Into  Weed  Science
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a230  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hovick,  Stephen.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aIntraspecific  trait  variation  can  allow  species  to  successfully  establish  and  persist  acrossheterogeneous  landscapes.  The  degree  of  intraspecific  variation  we  see  in  any  given  species  often  results  from  a  complicated  array  of  ecological  and  evolutionary  processes,  including  local  adaptation  and  differing  levels  of  gene  flow  across  landscapes  (Albert  et  al.  2011).  Originally  a  riparian  species,  giant  ragweed  is  a  phenotypically  variable  species  that  has  adapted  its  niche  to  colonize  other  habitats,  including  railroads,  fence  rows,  and  crop  fields  (Bassett  and  Crompton  1982;  Sosnoskie  et  al.  2007).  Both  crop  and  non-crop  habitats  experience  similar  levels  of  disturbance,  facilitating  population  adaptation  and  range  expansion.  Giant  ragweed  populations  have  relatively  high  levels  of  gene  flow  (Jhala  et  al.  2021),  which  should  homogenize  the  alleles  among  populations  and  not  allow  for  local  adaptation.  However,  local  adaptation  can  occur  in  the  face  of  high  levels  of  gene  flow  if  the  selection  pressures  exerted  on  the  population  are  strong  enough.  Delayed  emergence  would  be  adaptive  in  crop  fields  where  early-season  herbicide  application  would  lead  to  seedling  mortality  and  may  be  a  result  of  local  adaptation  despite  high  levels  of  gene  flow  due  to  high  selective  pressures.  Variation  in  emergence  timing  has  been  documented  in  giant  ragweed,  with  earlier  emergence  observed  in  riparian  populations  compared  to  crop  populations  (Hovick  et  al.  2018).  Additionally,  geographic  variation  in  seed  size  has  been  reported,  with  eastern  populations  producing  larger  seeds  than  western  populations  (Hovick  et  al.  2018).  Given  these  regional  differences  in  seed  traits  and  population  genetic  structure  across  the  species?  range  (Li  et  al.  2022),  an  open  question  remains  as  to  whether  phenotypic  variation  in  emergence  timing  follows  similar  geographic  patterns.Giant  ragweed,  a  native  North  American  annual  with  weedy  populations,  has  been  observed  exhibiting  variable  emergence  phenology  in  response  to  environmental  variation  (Harnett  et  al.  1987;  Hovick  et  al.  2018).  This  has  been  assumed  to  reflect  local  adaptation  for  the  species,  yet  the  prevalence  of  these  patterns  across  the  species?  range  remains  unclear.  Additionally,  it  is  unknown  whether  this  variation  extends  to  other  traits  that  contribute  to  weed  success,  such  as  seed  dormancy,  seed  size,  or  competitive  ability.  Giant  ragweed  presents  a  compelling  system  for  investigating  how  strong  selective  pressures  in  agricultural  environments  can  drive  phenotypic  divergence  despite  genetic  homogenization.  Moreover,  its  status  as  one  of  the  most  problematic  weeds  in  North  American  cropping  systems  (Abul-Fatih  and  Bazzaz  1979)  makes  understanding  its  adaptive  potential  critical  for  improving  weed  management  strategies.  These  features,  combined  with  its  broad  geographic  distribution  and  distinct  habitat  transitions,  provide  a  unique  opportunity  to  explore  the  evolution  of  weediness  along  a  regional  gradient.In  this  dissertation,  I  investigate  the  role  of  local  and  regional  adaptation  in  giant  ragweed  populations  across  agricultural  and  non-agricultural  habitats.  I  use  a  combination  of  controlled  germination  experiments,  reciprocal  transplant  studies,  and  common  garden  trials  to  assess  variation  in  seed  fate,  emergence  timing,  and  fitness  traits.  The  first  three  chapters  focus  on  specific  aspects  of  adaptation,  while  the  final  chapter  synthesizes  these  findings  to  evaluate  the  broader  ecological  and  management  implications  of  weed  evolution.In  Chapter  1,  "Seed  fate  and  germination  responses  to  temperature  fluctuations  in  agricultural  and  non-agricultural  populations  of  giant  ragweed,"  a  germination  chamber  experiment  was  conducted  to  examine  how  giant  ragweed  populations  from  crop  fields  andriparian  habitats  respond  to  temperature  fluctuation  regimes  that  mimic  their  respectiveenvironments.  Results  reveal  that  agricultural  populations?especially  those  from  the  eastern  Corn  Belt?are  more  responsive  to  temperature  fluctuation  magnitudes  than  riparian  populations,  suggesting  selection  in  agricultural  environments  has  driven  differentiation  in  germination  traits.  Additionally,  increased  temperature  fluctuation  and  warming  temperatures  both  accelerated  germination,  highlighting  the  potential  for  climate  change  to  influence  weed  emergence  dynamics.In  Chapter  2,  "  The  Influence  of  Competition  on  Habitat-Based  Differentiation  in  Emergence  and  Fitness,"  I  tested  whether  competition  influences  local  adaptation  by  conducting  a  reciprocal  transplant  experiment  using  crop  and  non-crop  populations.  While  emergence  timing  did  not  vary  significantly  between  habitat  types,  delayed  emergence  was  associated  with  reduced  survival.  These  findings  suggest  that  earlier  emergence  is  generally  advantageous  for  giant  ragweed  populations  and  may  play  a  role  in  fitness  differences  across  habitats.In  Chapter  3,  "Assessing  regional-  and  local-scale  adaptation  in  giant  ragweed,"  I  expanded  the  scope  of  the  research  by  evaluating  geographic  variation  in  seed  traits,  emergence  patterns,  and  reproductive  allocation  in  populations  across  the  U.S.  Corn  Belt.  Common  garden  experiments  in  Ohio  and  Nebraska  revealed  that  western  populations  emerge  earlier  and  produce  smaller  seeds,  while  eastern  populations  exhibit  delayed  emergence  and  larger  seeds.  These  differences  suggest  distinct  selective  pressures  operate  across  the  species?  range,  with  western  populations  favoring  rapid  establishment  in  drier  environments  and  eastern  populations  prioritizing  seedling  survival  in  competitive  settings.Finally,  in  Chapter  4,  "Synthesis:  The  ecological  and  evolutionary  implications  ofadaptations  in  crop  weeds,"  I  integrate  the  findings  from  the  previous  chapters  to  assess  how  environmental  variation  and  management  strategies  may  interact  to  shape  weed  evolution.  The  evidence  supports  the  role  of  local  adaptation  in  agricultural  populations  but  also  highlights  regional  differences  in  selection  pressures  that  contribute  to  variation  in  emergence  and  reproductive  traits.  These  findings  have  important  implications  for  weed  management,  as  they  suggest  that  adaptive  responses  to  agricultural  practices  may  vary  geographically,  requiring  tailored  control  strategies.  Additionally,  climate  change  may  further  complicate  management  efforts  by  altering  temperature-driven  emergence  cues  and  favoring  more  plastic  weed  populations.Together,  these  chapters  provide  a  comprehensive  examination  of  giant  ragweed  adaptation,  shedding  light  on  the  complex  interactions  between  environmental  variation,  evolutionary  processes,  and  agricultural  management  strategies.  This  research  underscores  the  importance  of  integrating  ecological  and  evolutionary  perspectives  into  weed  management  and  highlights  the  role  of  local  adaptation  in  shaping  the  persistence  and  spread  of  an  economically  significant  agricultural  weed.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aEcology
■650  4▼aBiology
■653    ▼aLocal  adaptation
■653    ▼aGermination  timing
■653    ▼aGiant  ragweed
■653    ▼aWeed  adaptation
■653    ▼aWeed  evolution
■653    ▼aSeed  size-seed  number  trade-off
■690    ▼a0329
■690    ▼a0306
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bEvolution,  Ecology  and  Organismal  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358173▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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