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Habitat and Stocking Strategies for Native Fish Recovery in the Verde River Basin, Arizona
Habitat and Stocking Strategies for Native Fish Recovery in the Verde River Basin, Arizona
Habitat and Stocking Strategies for Native Fish Recovery in the Verde River Basin, Arizona

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105121
ISBN  
9798297628496
DDC  
333.7
저자명  
Jenney, Christopher John.
서명/저자  
Habitat and Stocking Strategies for Native Fish Recovery in the Verde River Basin, Arizona
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Arizona, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
133 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bonar, Scott A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Arizona, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Native fishes of the Colorado River Basin in the southwest United States rank among the most imperiled faunal groups worldwide. Their decline is linked to widespread habitat alteration and the subsequent proliferation of nonnative fishes that compete with and prey upon native taxa. Despite decades of conservation efforts, many of the native fishes remain at risk of extinction and there is continued interest in effective recovery strategies across the basin. This dissertation presents detailed investigations of native southwestern fishes, with a particular focus on Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus in the Verde River, Arizona, a key tributary within the Gila River Basin. In this dissertation, I 1) review Razorback Sucker abundance, distribution, and conservation efforts within the Gila River Basin from 2004-2021, 2) evaluate and compare the survival and movement patterns of large ( 250 mm TL) and small ( 250 mm TL) Razorback Sucker stocked into mainstem and reservoir environments of the Verde River, 3) detail novel helicopter stocking methods for translocating endangered fishes to remote locations, and 4) assess how native fish abundance and habitat selection changes in response to nonnative piscivores in Fossil Creek, Arizona. More than 11 million Razorback Sucker were stocked into the Gila River Basin between 1980 and 2004; however, a population has failed to establish. From 2004-2021, 17,313 Razorback Sucker were stocked into the Verde River; but 0.10% have been recapture and success has been limited. In 2022, I initiated a three-year stocking effort in which approximately 2,500 Razorback Sucker of two size classes were released annually in two locations, the mainstem Verde River and Horseshoe Reservoir. The goal was to evaluate whether reservoir stockings could enhance Razorback Sucker survival. In 2022 and 2023, the survival of small and large Razorback Sucker was negligible regardless of stocking location; however, in 2024 the 9-month post-stocking survival of Razorback Sucker increased to 5.7%. Overall, the survival of large fish was significantly greater than that of small fish and survival in the reservoir was higher than in the river. Mortality was attributed to water quality, specifically high-water temperature and stratification in the reservoir, as well as predation by nonnative fishes and piscivorous birds. Nonetheless, the survival of some Razorback Sucker in Horseshoe Reservoir offers hope for the species' persistence in the Verde River Basin. Stocking Razorback Sucker into the mainstem river environment presented logistical challenges because it is inaccessible to traditional hatchery vehicles. I therefore commissioned a helicopter to transport Razorback Sucker to a remote location on the Verde River and compared the survival of fish stocked by helicopter to those stocked by conventional hatchery truck. The four-week post-stocking survival of fish stocked by helicopter and those stocked by hatchery truck into Horseshoe Reservoir was similar. Many of the observed mortalities were distant from release sites, suggesting fish mortality was not attributable to the stocking practices. Stocking fishes with a helicopter can be useful for fisheries conservation as it did not impact fish survival and allowed for broader distribution of stocked fish into previously inaccessible environments. Finally, I conducted snorkel surveys in Fossil Creek, Arizona, a Verde River tributary with an entirely native fishes upstream and a native and nonnative fishes downstream of a fish barrier to evaluate differences in species abundance and habitat selection in native fish communities with and without nonnative fish. The abundance of all Roundtail Chub Gila robusta, small ( 127 mm TL) Sonora Sucker Catastomus insignis, and all Speckled Dace Rhinichthys oscullus was significantly lower when sympatric with nonnative fishes; however, Desert Sucker Catostomus clarkii abundances were similar between reaches. When black bass were present, native fishes avoided pools and increased their selection for riffles, a likely predator avoidance behavior. These results highlight the distributional and behavioral consequences of native fishes occupying the same stream as nonnative fishes and highlights the importance of maintaining specific habitat-types when nonnative fishes are present in a river. Collectively, this research highlights the persistent challenges of conserving native fishes in the Verde River and offers practical insights to guide and improve future conservation efforts throughout the basin.
일반주제명  
Natural resource management
일반주제명  
Conservation biology
일반주제명  
Aquatic sciences
키워드  
Fish stocking
키워드  
Habitat
키워드  
Native fish
키워드  
Razorback sucker
키워드  
Southwest fish
키워드  
Survival
기타저자  
The University of Arizona Natural Resources
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aJenney,  Christopher  John.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-1849-8383
■24510▼aHabitat  and  Stocking  Strategies  for  Native  Fish  Recovery  in  the  Verde  River  Basin,  Arizona
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Arizona▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a133  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Bonar,  Scott  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Arizona,  2025.
■520    ▼aNative  fishes  of  the  Colorado  River  Basin  in  the  southwest  United  States  rank  among  the  most  imperiled  faunal  groups  worldwide.  Their  decline  is  linked  to  widespread  habitat  alteration  and  the  subsequent  proliferation  of  nonnative  fishes  that  compete  with  and  prey  upon  native  taxa.  Despite  decades  of  conservation  efforts,  many  of  the  native  fishes  remain  at  risk  of  extinction  and  there  is  continued  interest  in  effective  recovery  strategies  across  the  basin.  This  dissertation  presents  detailed  investigations  of  native  southwestern  fishes,  with  a  particular  focus  on  Razorback  Sucker  Xyrauchen  texanus  in  the  Verde  River,  Arizona,  a  key  tributary  within  the  Gila  River  Basin.  In  this  dissertation,  I  1)  review  Razorback  Sucker  abundance,  distribution,  and  conservation  efforts  within  the  Gila  River  Basin  from  2004-2021,  2)  evaluate  and  compare  the  survival  and  movement  patterns  of  large  (  250  mm  TL)  and  small  (  250  mm  TL)  Razorback  Sucker  stocked  into  mainstem  and  reservoir  environments  of  the  Verde  River,  3)  detail  novel  helicopter  stocking  methods  for  translocating  endangered  fishes  to  remote  locations,  and  4)  assess  how  native  fish  abundance  and  habitat  selection  changes  in  response  to  nonnative  piscivores  in  Fossil  Creek,  Arizona.  More  than  11  million  Razorback  Sucker  were  stocked  into  the  Gila  River  Basin  between  1980  and  2004;  however,  a  population  has  failed  to  establish.  From  2004-2021,  17,313  Razorback  Sucker  were  stocked  into  the  Verde  River;  but    0.10%  have  been  recapture  and  success  has  been  limited.  In  2022,  I  initiated  a  three-year  stocking  effort  in  which  approximately  2,500  Razorback  Sucker  of  two  size  classes  were  released  annually  in  two  locations,  the  mainstem  Verde  River  and  Horseshoe  Reservoir.  The  goal  was  to  evaluate  whether  reservoir  stockings  could  enhance  Razorback  Sucker  survival.  In  2022  and  2023,  the  survival  of  small  and  large  Razorback  Sucker  was  negligible  regardless  of  stocking  location;  however,  in  2024  the  9-month  post-stocking  survival  of  Razorback  Sucker  increased  to  5.7%.  Overall,  the  survival  of  large  fish  was  significantly  greater  than  that  of  small  fish  and  survival  in  the  reservoir  was  higher  than  in  the  river.  Mortality  was  attributed  to  water  quality,  specifically  high-water  temperature  and  stratification  in  the  reservoir,  as  well  as  predation  by  nonnative  fishes  and  piscivorous  birds.  Nonetheless,  the  survival  of  some  Razorback  Sucker  in  Horseshoe  Reservoir  offers  hope  for  the  species'  persistence  in  the  Verde  River  Basin.  Stocking  Razorback  Sucker  into  the  mainstem  river  environment  presented  logistical  challenges  because  it  is  inaccessible  to  traditional  hatchery  vehicles.  I  therefore  commissioned  a  helicopter  to  transport  Razorback  Sucker  to  a  remote  location  on  the  Verde  River  and  compared  the  survival  of  fish  stocked  by  helicopter  to  those  stocked  by  conventional  hatchery  truck.  The  four-week  post-stocking  survival  of  fish  stocked  by  helicopter  and  those  stocked  by  hatchery  truck  into  Horseshoe  Reservoir  was  similar.  Many  of  the  observed  mortalities  were  distant  from  release  sites,  suggesting  fish  mortality  was  not  attributable  to  the  stocking  practices.  Stocking  fishes  with  a  helicopter  can  be  useful  for  fisheries  conservation  as  it  did  not  impact  fish  survival  and  allowed  for  broader  distribution  of  stocked  fish  into  previously  inaccessible  environments.  Finally,  I  conducted  snorkel  surveys  in  Fossil  Creek,  Arizona,  a  Verde  River  tributary  with  an  entirely  native  fishes  upstream  and  a  native  and  nonnative  fishes  downstream  of  a  fish  barrier  to  evaluate  differences  in  species  abundance  and  habitat  selection  in  native  fish  communities  with  and  without  nonnative  fish.  The  abundance  of  all  Roundtail  Chub  Gila  robusta,  small  (  127  mm  TL)  Sonora  Sucker  Catastomus  insignis,  and  all  Speckled  Dace  Rhinichthys  oscullus  was  significantly  lower  when  sympatric  with  nonnative  fishes;  however,  Desert  Sucker  Catostomus  clarkii  abundances  were  similar  between  reaches.  When  black  bass  were  present,  native  fishes  avoided  pools  and  increased  their  selection  for  riffles,  a  likely  predator  avoidance  behavior.  These  results  highlight  the  distributional  and  behavioral  consequences  of  native  fishes  occupying  the  same  stream  as  nonnative  fishes  and  highlights  the  importance  of  maintaining  specific  habitat-types  when  nonnative  fishes  are  present  in  a  river.  Collectively,  this  research  highlights  the  persistent  challenges  of  conserving  native  fishes  in  the  Verde  River  and  offers  practical  insights  to  guide  and  improve  future  conservation  efforts  throughout  the  basin.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0009.
■650  4▼aNatural  resource  management
■650  4▼aConservation  biology
■650  4▼aAquatic  sciences
■653    ▼aFish  stocking
■653    ▼aHabitat
■653    ▼aNative  fish
■653    ▼aRazorback  sucker
■653    ▼aSouthwest  fish
■653    ▼aSurvival
■690    ▼a0528
■690    ▼a0408
■690    ▼a0792
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Arizona▼bNatural  Resources.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0009
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359455▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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