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Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of Prey and Predators Interact With Winter Conditions to Mediate the Food-Safety Trade-Off
Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of Prey and Predators Interact With Winter Conditions to Mediate the Food-Safety Trade-Off
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105126
- ISBN
- 9798291559338
- DDC
- 574.5
- 서명/저자
- Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of Prey and Predators Interact With Winter Conditions to Mediate the Food-Safety Trade-Off
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 237 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Pauli, Jonathan N.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Direct and indirect species interactions govern the dynamics of ecological communities. Under rapidly changing environmental conditions, it has become increasingly important to understand how species interactions shape community composition and dynamics. Predator-prey interactions are one of the most intensively studied species interactions. A growing body of research has examined the indirect effects of predators on their prey through predation risk, which cascade down to other species and ultimately govern the formation and operation of the community. The primary pathway of these predators' risk effects is antipredator behaviors prey exhibit, and my dissertation (Chapter 1-3) aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms whereby the characteristics of predators and prey as well as environmental conditions mediate antipredator behaviors. Additionally, I investigated (Chapter 4) how species interactions vary through time and thereby drive stability and resultant state dynamics of a predator-prey community.Chapter 1 (Shiratsuru and Pauli 2024; Journal of Animal Ecology) examined how prey fine-tune their antipredator behaviors to deal with diverse types of predation risk in a constantly changing environment while still trying to meet their energetic requirements. We monitored two different behavioral metrics (foraging time and vigilance) of snowshoe hares Lepus americanus at fine temporal scales by using accelerometers and trail cameras in central Wisconsin, USA, in winter, while manipulating chronic predation risk by a predator-attraction experiment. We found that hares constantly altered their behaviors in response to temporal variation in predation risk, and this response was driven by a complex interplay among multiple types of risk including environmental risk factors, chronic risk, diel activity patterns of predators, and species-specific risk. Additionally, hares generally decreased antipredator efforts from early to late winter. This work highlights the importance of changing winter conditions as well as temporal variation in multiple types of risk in understanding antipredator responses and the context dependence of risk effects. Chapter 2 (Shiratsuru et al. 2025; in review at Oecologia) investigated if relative importance of energy acquisition and risk avoidance in determining daily activity in winter differed between snowshoe hares and North American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum in Central Wisconsin, USA, characterized by different antipredator strategies and physiological constraints. We constructed an energetics-based model to predict daily activity time of both species based on temperature and corresponding thermoregulatory costs, and then examined what factors drove deviations of observed activity time from model predictions for each species, accounting for individual variation. We found that both species failed to maintain energy balance when temperatures were below their thermoneutral zones. However, the deviation of observed activity time from maintenance of energy balance was driven by different mechanisms for the two species within their thermoneutral zones. The activity of hares was strongly affected by environmental risk factors, whereas the activity of porcupines was independent of those risk factors. Moreover, porcupines exhibited substantially larger individual variation in activity deviations from energy balance compared to hares. These results illustrate that the traits of prey, such as antipredator strategies and physiological constraints, can mediate the energy-safety trade-off in their activity.Chapter 3 (Shiratsuru et al. 2025; submitted to Ecology) explored how the species composition and traits of predators mediate spatiotemporal risk avoidance of prey by examining geographic variation in multiple axes of prey behaviors. We compared diel activity patterns, space use, and movement of snowshoe hares in relation to risk avoidance among three different sites in northern North America (Wisconsin and Isle Royale National Park, USA, and Yukon, Canada), which differed in the predator guild, while accounting for variable environmental conditions. In doing so, we leveraged a biologging-based (GPS and accelerometers) dataset of hare behaviors and a camera-based dataset of predator occurrence collected over multiple winters. We found that diel activity patterns of hares were invariant across the sites despite the divergent diel activity patterns of predators. However, the patterns of spatial risk avoidance and movement of hares exhibited moderate geographic variation, which was potentially attributable to the differences in the predator guild. Overall, this study highlights that prey behaviors related to spatiotemporal risk avoidance can exhibit slight geographic variation, but certain behavioral axes such as diel activity patterns may be more conserved across ecosystems compared to others such as spatial behaviors. Chapter 4 (prepared for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) examined how temporal variation in species interactions along with fluctuating species abundances impacts community stability and thereby govern shifts in the state of the predator-prey community of Isle Royale. Using the 44-year time series of the two predator-prey pairs (gray wolf Canis lupus - moose Alces alces and red fox Vulpes vulpes - snowshoe hare), we quantified time-varying species interactions and stability as well as equilibrium density of each species to test how these metrics and winter severity are related to the dynamics of the community state. We found that species interactions and stability varied through time, dictating state shifts of the community. The community underwent three discrete states featured by different degrees of stability and different patterns of species interactions as well as equilibrium densities. Moreover, the effect of severe winters on state shifts was mitigated by stability induced by species interactions. This study highlights that time-varying species interactions and stability can predict shifts in the community state under changing biotic and abiotic conditions.
- 일반주제명
- Ecology
- 일반주제명
- Behavioral sciences
- 일반주제명
- Wildlife management
- 일반주제명
- Wildlife conservation
- 키워드
- Energy balance
- 키워드
- Ecosystems
- 기타저자
- The University of Wisconsin - Madison Wildlife Ecology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202105126
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798291559338
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32238809
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574.5
■1001 ▼aShiratsuru, Shotaro.
■24510▼aUnderstanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of Prey and Predators Interact With Winter Conditions to Mediate the Food-Safety Trade-Off
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe University of Wisconsin - Madison▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a237 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Pauli, Jonathan N.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025.
■520 ▼aDirect and indirect species interactions govern the dynamics of ecological communities. Under rapidly changing environmental conditions, it has become increasingly important to understand how species interactions shape community composition and dynamics. Predator-prey interactions are one of the most intensively studied species interactions. A growing body of research has examined the indirect effects of predators on their prey through predation risk, which cascade down to other species and ultimately govern the formation and operation of the community. The primary pathway of these predators' risk effects is antipredator behaviors prey exhibit, and my dissertation (Chapter 1-3) aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms whereby the characteristics of predators and prey as well as environmental conditions mediate antipredator behaviors. Additionally, I investigated (Chapter 4) how species interactions vary through time and thereby drive stability and resultant state dynamics of a predator-prey community.Chapter 1 (Shiratsuru and Pauli 2024; Journal of Animal Ecology) examined how prey fine-tune their antipredator behaviors to deal with diverse types of predation risk in a constantly changing environment while still trying to meet their energetic requirements. We monitored two different behavioral metrics (foraging time and vigilance) of snowshoe hares Lepus americanus at fine temporal scales by using accelerometers and trail cameras in central Wisconsin, USA, in winter, while manipulating chronic predation risk by a predator-attraction experiment. We found that hares constantly altered their behaviors in response to temporal variation in predation risk, and this response was driven by a complex interplay among multiple types of risk including environmental risk factors, chronic risk, diel activity patterns of predators, and species-specific risk. Additionally, hares generally decreased antipredator efforts from early to late winter. This work highlights the importance of changing winter conditions as well as temporal variation in multiple types of risk in understanding antipredator responses and the context dependence of risk effects. Chapter 2 (Shiratsuru et al. 2025; in review at Oecologia) investigated if relative importance of energy acquisition and risk avoidance in determining daily activity in winter differed between snowshoe hares and North American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum in Central Wisconsin, USA, characterized by different antipredator strategies and physiological constraints. We constructed an energetics-based model to predict daily activity time of both species based on temperature and corresponding thermoregulatory costs, and then examined what factors drove deviations of observed activity time from model predictions for each species, accounting for individual variation. We found that both species failed to maintain energy balance when temperatures were below their thermoneutral zones. However, the deviation of observed activity time from maintenance of energy balance was driven by different mechanisms for the two species within their thermoneutral zones. The activity of hares was strongly affected by environmental risk factors, whereas the activity of porcupines was independent of those risk factors. Moreover, porcupines exhibited substantially larger individual variation in activity deviations from energy balance compared to hares. These results illustrate that the traits of prey, such as antipredator strategies and physiological constraints, can mediate the energy-safety trade-off in their activity.Chapter 3 (Shiratsuru et al. 2025; submitted to Ecology) explored how the species composition and traits of predators mediate spatiotemporal risk avoidance of prey by examining geographic variation in multiple axes of prey behaviors. We compared diel activity patterns, space use, and movement of snowshoe hares in relation to risk avoidance among three different sites in northern North America (Wisconsin and Isle Royale National Park, USA, and Yukon, Canada), which differed in the predator guild, while accounting for variable environmental conditions. In doing so, we leveraged a biologging-based (GPS and accelerometers) dataset of hare behaviors and a camera-based dataset of predator occurrence collected over multiple winters. We found that diel activity patterns of hares were invariant across the sites despite the divergent diel activity patterns of predators. However, the patterns of spatial risk avoidance and movement of hares exhibited moderate geographic variation, which was potentially attributable to the differences in the predator guild. Overall, this study highlights that prey behaviors related to spatiotemporal risk avoidance can exhibit slight geographic variation, but certain behavioral axes such as diel activity patterns may be more conserved across ecosystems compared to others such as spatial behaviors. Chapter 4 (prepared for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) examined how temporal variation in species interactions along with fluctuating species abundances impacts community stability and thereby govern shifts in the state of the predator-prey community of Isle Royale. Using the 44-year time series of the two predator-prey pairs (gray wolf Canis lupus - moose Alces alces and red fox Vulpes vulpes - snowshoe hare), we quantified time-varying species interactions and stability as well as equilibrium density of each species to test how these metrics and winter severity are related to the dynamics of the community state. We found that species interactions and stability varied through time, dictating state shifts of the community. The community underwent three discrete states featured by different degrees of stability and different patterns of species interactions as well as equilibrium densities. Moreover, the effect of severe winters on state shifts was mitigated by stability induced by species interactions. This study highlights that time-varying species interactions and stability can predict shifts in the community state under changing biotic and abiotic conditions.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0262.
■650 4▼aEcology
■650 4▼aBehavioral sciences
■650 4▼aWildlife management
■650 4▼aWildlife conservation
■653 ▼aEcological communities
■653 ▼aPredator-prey interactions
■653 ▼aAntipredator behaviors
■653 ▼aEnergy balance
■653 ▼aEcosystems
■690 ▼a0329
■690 ▼a0602
■690 ▼a0286
■690 ▼a0284
■71020▼aThe University of Wisconsin - Madison▼bWildlife Ecology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0262
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359485▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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