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Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of Prey and Predators Interact With Winter Conditions to Mediate the Food-Safety Trade-Off
Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of ...
Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of Prey and Predators Interact With Winter Conditions to Mediate the Food-Safety Trade-Off

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105126
ISBN  
9798291559338
DDC  
574.5
저자명  
Shiratsuru, Shotaro.
서명/저자  
Understanding the Mechanism and Consequences of Predator-Prey Interactions: The Traits of Prey and Predators Interact With Winter Conditions to Mediate the Food-Safety Trade-Off
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
237 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Pauli, Jonathan N.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Direct and indirect species interactions govern the dynamics of ecological communities. Under rapidly changing environmental conditions, it has become increasingly important to understand how species interactions shape community composition and dynamics. Predator-prey interactions are one of the most intensively studied species interactions. A growing body of research has examined the indirect effects of predators on their prey through predation risk, which cascade down to other species and ultimately govern the formation and operation of the community. The primary pathway of these predators' risk effects is antipredator behaviors prey exhibit, and my dissertation (Chapter 1-3) aims to advance our understanding of the mechanisms whereby the characteristics of predators and prey as well as environmental conditions mediate antipredator behaviors. Additionally, I investigated (Chapter 4) how species interactions vary through time and thereby drive stability and resultant state dynamics of a predator-prey community.Chapter 1 (Shiratsuru and Pauli 2024; Journal of Animal Ecology) examined how prey fine-tune their antipredator behaviors to deal with diverse types of predation risk in a constantly changing environment while still trying to meet their energetic requirements. We monitored two different behavioral metrics (foraging time and vigilance) of snowshoe hares Lepus americanus at fine temporal scales by using accelerometers and trail cameras in central Wisconsin, USA, in winter, while manipulating chronic predation risk by a predator-attraction experiment. We found that hares constantly altered their behaviors in response to temporal variation in predation risk, and this response was driven by a complex interplay among multiple types of risk including environmental risk factors, chronic risk, diel activity patterns of predators, and species-specific risk. Additionally, hares generally decreased antipredator efforts from early to late winter. This work highlights the importance of changing winter conditions as well as temporal variation in multiple types of risk in understanding antipredator responses and the context dependence of risk effects. Chapter 2 (Shiratsuru et al. 2025; in review at Oecologia) investigated if relative importance of energy acquisition and risk avoidance in determining daily activity in winter differed between snowshoe hares and North American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum in Central Wisconsin, USA, characterized by different antipredator strategies and physiological constraints. We constructed an energetics-based model to predict daily activity time of both species based on temperature and corresponding thermoregulatory costs, and then examined what factors drove deviations of observed activity time from model predictions for each species, accounting for individual variation. We found that both species failed to maintain energy balance when temperatures were below their thermoneutral zones. However, the deviation of observed activity time from maintenance of energy balance was driven by different mechanisms for the two species within their thermoneutral zones. The activity of hares was strongly affected by environmental risk factors, whereas the activity of porcupines was independent of those risk factors. Moreover, porcupines exhibited substantially larger individual variation in activity deviations from energy balance compared to hares. These results illustrate that the traits of prey, such as antipredator strategies and physiological constraints, can mediate the energy-safety trade-off in their activity.Chapter 3 (Shiratsuru et al. 2025; submitted to Ecology) explored how the species composition and traits of predators mediate spatiotemporal risk avoidance of prey by examining geographic variation in multiple axes of prey behaviors. We compared diel activity patterns, space use, and movement of snowshoe hares in relation to risk avoidance among three different sites in northern North America (Wisconsin and Isle Royale National Park, USA, and Yukon, Canada), which differed in the predator guild, while accounting for variable environmental conditions. In doing so, we leveraged a biologging-based (GPS and accelerometers) dataset of hare behaviors and a camera-based dataset of predator occurrence collected over multiple winters. We found that diel activity patterns of hares were invariant across the sites despite the divergent diel activity patterns of predators. However, the patterns of spatial risk avoidance and movement of hares exhibited moderate geographic variation, which was potentially attributable to the differences in the predator guild. Overall, this study highlights that prey behaviors related to spatiotemporal risk avoidance can exhibit slight geographic variation, but certain behavioral axes such as diel activity patterns may be more conserved across ecosystems compared to others such as spatial behaviors. Chapter 4 (prepared for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) examined how temporal variation in species interactions along with fluctuating species abundances impacts community stability and thereby govern shifts in the state of the predator-prey community of Isle Royale. Using the 44-year time series of the two predator-prey pairs (gray wolf Canis lupus - moose Alces alces and red fox Vulpes vulpes - snowshoe hare), we quantified time-varying species interactions and stability as well as equilibrium density of each species to test how these metrics and winter severity are related to the dynamics of the community state. We found that species interactions and stability varied through time, dictating state shifts of the community. The community underwent three discrete states featured by different degrees of stability and different patterns of species interactions as well as equilibrium densities. Moreover, the effect of severe winters on state shifts was mitigated by stability induced by species interactions. This study highlights that time-varying species interactions and stability can predict shifts in the community state under changing biotic and abiotic conditions.
일반주제명  
Ecology
일반주제명  
Behavioral sciences
일반주제명  
Wildlife management
일반주제명  
Wildlife conservation
키워드  
Ecological communities
키워드  
Predator-prey interactions
키워드  
Antipredator behaviors
키워드  
Energy balance
키워드  
Ecosystems
기타저자  
The University of Wisconsin - Madison Wildlife Ecology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aUnderstanding  the  Mechanism  and  Consequences  of  Predator-Prey  Interactions:  The  Traits  of  Prey  and  Predators  Interact  With  Winter  Conditions  to  Mediate  the  Food-Safety  Trade-Off
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Pauli,  Jonathan  N.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison,  2025.
■520    ▼aDirect  and  indirect  species  interactions  govern  the  dynamics  of  ecological  communities.  Under  rapidly  changing  environmental  conditions,  it  has  become  increasingly  important  to  understand  how  species  interactions  shape  community  composition  and  dynamics.  Predator-prey  interactions  are  one  of  the  most  intensively  studied  species  interactions.  A  growing  body  of  research  has  examined  the  indirect  effects  of  predators  on  their  prey  through  predation  risk,  which  cascade  down  to  other  species  and  ultimately  govern  the  formation  and  operation  of  the  community.  The  primary  pathway  of  these  predators'  risk  effects  is  antipredator  behaviors  prey  exhibit,  and  my  dissertation  (Chapter  1-3)  aims  to  advance  our  understanding  of  the  mechanisms  whereby  the  characteristics  of  predators  and  prey  as  well  as  environmental  conditions  mediate  antipredator  behaviors.  Additionally,  I  investigated  (Chapter  4)  how  species  interactions  vary  through  time  and  thereby  drive  stability  and  resultant  state  dynamics  of  a  predator-prey  community.Chapter  1  (Shiratsuru  and  Pauli  2024;  Journal  of  Animal  Ecology)  examined  how  prey  fine-tune  their  antipredator  behaviors  to  deal  with  diverse  types  of  predation  risk  in  a  constantly  changing  environment  while  still  trying  to  meet  their  energetic  requirements.  We  monitored  two  different  behavioral  metrics  (foraging  time  and  vigilance)  of  snowshoe  hares  Lepus  americanus  at  fine  temporal  scales  by  using  accelerometers  and  trail  cameras  in  central  Wisconsin,  USA,  in  winter,  while  manipulating  chronic  predation  risk  by  a  predator-attraction  experiment.  We  found  that  hares  constantly  altered  their  behaviors  in  response  to  temporal  variation  in  predation  risk,  and  this  response  was  driven  by  a  complex  interplay  among  multiple  types  of  risk  including  environmental  risk  factors,  chronic  risk,  diel  activity  patterns  of  predators,  and  species-specific  risk.  Additionally,  hares  generally  decreased  antipredator  efforts  from  early  to  late  winter.  This  work  highlights  the  importance  of  changing  winter  conditions  as  well  as  temporal  variation  in  multiple  types  of  risk  in  understanding  antipredator  responses  and  the  context  dependence  of  risk  effects. Chapter  2  (Shiratsuru  et  al.  2025;  in  review  at  Oecologia)  investigated  if  relative  importance  of  energy  acquisition  and  risk  avoidance  in  determining  daily  activity  in  winter  differed  between  snowshoe  hares  and  North  American  porcupines  Erethizon  dorsatum  in  Central  Wisconsin,  USA,  characterized  by  different  antipredator  strategies  and  physiological  constraints.  We  constructed  an  energetics-based  model  to  predict  daily  activity  time  of  both  species  based  on  temperature  and  corresponding  thermoregulatory  costs,  and  then  examined  what  factors  drove  deviations  of  observed  activity  time  from  model  predictions  for  each  species,  accounting  for  individual  variation.  We  found  that  both  species  failed  to  maintain  energy  balance  when  temperatures  were  below  their  thermoneutral  zones.  However,  the  deviation  of  observed  activity  time  from  maintenance  of  energy  balance  was  driven  by  different  mechanisms  for  the  two  species  within  their  thermoneutral  zones.  The  activity  of  hares  was  strongly  affected  by  environmental  risk  factors,  whereas  the  activity  of  porcupines  was  independent  of  those  risk  factors.  Moreover,  porcupines  exhibited  substantially  larger  individual  variation  in  activity  deviations  from  energy  balance  compared  to  hares.  These  results  illustrate  that  the  traits  of  prey,  such  as  antipredator  strategies  and  physiological  constraints,  can  mediate  the  energy-safety  trade-off  in  their  activity.Chapter  3  (Shiratsuru  et  al.  2025;  submitted  to  Ecology)  explored  how  the  species  composition  and  traits  of  predators  mediate  spatiotemporal  risk  avoidance  of  prey  by  examining  geographic  variation  in  multiple  axes  of  prey  behaviors.  We  compared  diel  activity  patterns,  space  use,  and  movement  of  snowshoe  hares  in  relation  to  risk  avoidance  among  three  different  sites  in  northern  North  America  (Wisconsin  and  Isle  Royale  National  Park,  USA,  and  Yukon, Canada),  which  differed  in  the  predator  guild,  while  accounting  for  variable  environmental  conditions.  In  doing  so,  we  leveraged  a  biologging-based  (GPS  and  accelerometers)  dataset  of  hare  behaviors  and  a  camera-based  dataset  of  predator  occurrence  collected  over  multiple  winters.  We  found  that  diel  activity  patterns  of  hares  were  invariant  across  the  sites  despite  the  divergent  diel  activity  patterns  of  predators.  However,  the  patterns  of  spatial  risk  avoidance  and  movement  of  hares  exhibited  moderate  geographic  variation,  which  was  potentially  attributable  to  the  differences  in  the  predator  guild.  Overall,  this  study  highlights  that  prey  behaviors  related  to  spatiotemporal  risk  avoidance  can  exhibit  slight  geographic  variation,  but  certain  behavioral  axes  such  as  diel  activity  patterns  may  be  more  conserved  across  ecosystems  compared  to  others  such  as  spatial  behaviors. Chapter  4  (prepared  for  Proceedings  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences)  examined  how  temporal  variation  in  species  interactions  along  with  fluctuating  species  abundances  impacts  community  stability  and  thereby  govern  shifts  in  the  state  of  the  predator-prey  community  of  Isle  Royale.  Using  the  44-year  time  series  of  the  two  predator-prey  pairs  (gray  wolf  Canis  lupus  -  moose  Alces  alces  and  red  fox  Vulpes  vulpes  -  snowshoe  hare),  we  quantified  time-varying  species  interactions  and  stability  as  well  as  equilibrium  density  of  each  species  to  test  how  these  metrics  and  winter  severity  are  related  to  the  dynamics  of  the  community  state.  We  found  that  species  interactions  and  stability  varied  through  time,  dictating  state  shifts  of  the  community.  The  community  underwent  three  discrete  states  featured  by  different  degrees  of  stability  and  different  patterns  of  species  interactions  as  well  as  equilibrium  densities.  Moreover,  the  effect  of  severe  winters  on  state  shifts  was  mitigated  by  stability  induced  by  species  interactions.  This  study  highlights  that  time-varying  species  interactions  and  stability  can  predict  shifts  in  the  community  state  under  changing  biotic  and  abiotic  conditions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0262.
■650  4▼aEcology
■650  4▼aBehavioral  sciences
■650  4▼aWildlife  management
■650  4▼aWildlife  conservation
■653    ▼aEcological  communities
■653    ▼aPredator-prey  interactions
■653    ▼aAntipredator  behaviors
■653    ▼aEnergy  balance
■653    ▼aEcosystems  
■690    ▼a0329
■690    ▼a0602
■690    ▼a0286
■690    ▼a0284
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼bWildlife  Ecology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0262
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359485▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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