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Factors Affecting Soil Nutrient Availability and Its Impact on Maize and Soybean Productivity
Factors Affecting Soil Nutrient Availability and Its Impact on Maize and Soybean Productiv...
Factors Affecting Soil Nutrient Availability and Its Impact on Maize and Soybean Productivity

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105658
ISBN  
9798263307486
DDC  
630
저자명  
Harm Loman, Marcos.
서명/저자  
Factors Affecting Soil Nutrient Availability and Its Impact on Maize and Soybean Productivity
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
196 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Below, Frederick.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Despite large advancements in yields of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] the past century, further increases are needed to meet the needs of a growing global population, while being able to preserve some of the remaining natural vegetation. Unfortunately, the economic principle of diminishing returns also applies to crop yields as additional gains become more challenging as yields get higher, and typically requires more intensive agronomic management and improved input utilization. Better fertilizer management is a critical aspect of this challenge, as mineral nutrient availability significantly impacts crop yields, and fertilizers are non-renewable resources that are frequently used inefficiently. Because the fertile soils of the Midwestern U.S. contain vast amounts of nutrients, soil testing is a common practice to assess nutrient availability and is especially important in soybean production, where reliance is often on existing soil nutrients rather than supplementary fertilization. Unlike soybeans, maize production typically requires fertilization with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which for convenience are often fall-applied. Secondary nutrients like S, or micronutrients like B, are also gaining attention due to their lower levels in soils and increasing reports of yield increases from their application, and co-granulated fertilizers offer ways to provide these nutrients along with the traditional P and K. However, some of the nutrients in these fertilizer formulations are soil-mobile (N, S, B), and can be lost, or fixed by the soil (P, K) during the five to six months between fertilization and crop establishment. Aligning nutrient availability with crop uptake is crucial to minimize losses and maximize both fertilizer use efficiency and crop yield. While selecting the appropriate combination of nutrients is critical in a fertilizer program, it does not guarantee increased nutrient availability, plant uptake, or yield gains because the chemistry of the soil plays a vital role in nutrient accessibility. Especially important is soil pH which is a key factor that farmers can manage, usually through the application of lime (calcium carbonate). Phosphorus availability is particularly pH-sensitive, and while lime-induced increases in soil pH could enhance P availability, there is a reluctance to co-apply lime and P fertilizers due to worry about forming unavailable calcium phosphates. What is not clear is whether changes in soil P availability from co-application with lime will more than offset fixation of fertilizer P in Illinois soils with the net result of better efficiency of fertilizer P use. Given these complexities in soil nutrient dynamics, the objectives of these studies were to determine how well soil test values explained yield differences of maize and soybean, and how fertilizer inputs and agronomic management strategies impacted nutrient availability, crop uptake, and ultimately, grain yield. This exploration was divided into four distinct research areas: Do soil test values predict yield of unfertilized soybean in Illinois? Preplant soil samples collected from 133 soybean trials across Illinois were analyzed for extractable nutrient concentrations and compared to unfertilized grain yields using Pearson correlation coefficients (r), principal factor analysis, and latent variable regression models. Soybean grain yield did not correlate strongly to any of the evaluated soil nutrients, however the strong association of planting date and yield (r = -0.56), led to dividing the data set into five planting date groups. Soil fertility levels resulted in strong correlations to yield for Late or Very-late planting groups, but not for the Early or Very-early groups. Regression analysis utilizing the latent variables from the factor analysis confirmed that soil fertility had a greater influence on grain yield for late-planted soybean than early-planted, and that these differences were associated with heavier seed weight, suggesting that late-planted soybeans may be more responsive to fertilization than early-planted soybeans. How does the source of fall-applied fertilizer affect the availability of mineral nutrients during the growing season and the productivity of maize? Nitrogen (N), P, K, sulfur (S), and boron (B) fertilizer treatments were applied in the fall using variations in fertilizer source (MAP, AMS, MES10, MOP+B, or Aspire) and the availability and location of these nutrients in the soil profile during the maize growing season were evaluated as were their impacts on grain yield. Most of the fall-applied N was not detected in the spring soil samples, while fall P fertilization increased topsoil-extractable P throughout the season, and both P sources increased grain yield over the untreated control (UTC). Conversely, K fertilization only increased extractable K in the top 0-15 cm at preplant and did not affect yield. Aspire increased soil extractable B over MOP+B at both sampling times, and at nearly all sampling depths, and increased grain yield over the UTC. The findings from this study highlight the differential availability of nutrients in the soil profile from fall fertilization and emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate fertilizer sources. Does the fall fertilizer source affect the growth and mineral nutrient uptake by young maize plants, and are these differences in tissue nutrient status correlated with grain yield? Various N, P, K, S, and B fertilizer sources (MAP, AMS, MES10, MOP+B, or Aspire) were applied in the fall to assess their impact on the accumulation (uptake) and concentration (status) of nutrients at the V8 growth stage of maize and to evaluate whether these values were correlated with early-season biomass, grain yield, or yield components. Fertilization with S increased both S concentration and accumulation, while B applications did not affect either the accumulation or concentration of B. All correlations between grain yield and V8 nutrient concentrations were weak, and the large variation in the values among the years indicates that nutrient concentrations were more environmentally driven than being true indicators of plant nutritional statuses. This study highlights the limitations of using metrics like critical nutrient concentration and sufficiency ranges during early maize growth stages as reliable indicators of plant nutritional status. Is co-applying phosphorus fertilizer and lime detrimental to soil phosphorus availability and the productivity of maize? To assess how co-application of P fertilizer and lime affects soil P availability and growth and productivity of maize, two experiments were conducted evaluating different rates and sources of fertilizer P and different rates of pelletized lime (PL) broadcast-applied in the fall. Experiment 1 evaluated a single rate of two P fertilizer sources (MAP or MES10), while Experiment 2 was a full factorial between three MAP (0, 45, and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four PL rates (0, 225, 450, and 900 kg ha-1). In Experiment 1, adding lime to P fertilizer did not change seasonal soil P levels at any depth compared to fertilizer alone, but it increased vegetative growth and P uptake (both concentration and accumulation) when added to MAP (MAP+Lime) and yield when added to MES10. Conversely, in Experiment 2, lime additions resulted in both increases and decreases in topsoil P availability and grain yield, without any clear trends related to P or lime rates. Overall, these studies highlight that co-application of P fertilizers and lime in the fall in Illinois may not be as antagonistic as previously believed, and that there may be opportunities to use lime to increase the efficiency of P-fertilizer use.
일반주제명  
Agronomy
일반주제명  
Soil sciences
일반주제명  
Plant sciences
키워드  
Soil fertility
키워드  
Maize
키워드  
Soybean production
키워드  
Fertilizer
기타저자  
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Crop Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aHarm  Loman,  Marcos.
■24510▼aFactors  Affecting  Soil  Nutrient  Availability  and  Its  Impact  on  Maize  and  Soybean  Productivity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a196  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Below,  Frederick.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign,  2024.
■520    ▼aDespite  large  advancements  in  yields  of  maize  (Zea  mays  L.)  and  soybean  [Glycine  max  (L.)  Merr.]  the  past  century,  further  increases  are  needed  to  meet  the  needs  of  a  growing  global  population,  while  being  able  to  preserve  some  of  the  remaining  natural  vegetation.    Unfortunately,  the  economic  principle  of  diminishing  returns  also  applies  to  crop  yields  as  additional  gains  become  more  challenging  as  yields  get  higher,  and  typically  requires  more  intensive  agronomic  management  and  improved  input  utilization.  Better  fertilizer  management  is  a  critical  aspect  of  this  challenge,  as  mineral  nutrient  availability  significantly  impacts  crop  yields,  and  fertilizers  are  non-renewable  resources  that  are  frequently  used  inefficiently.  Because  the  fertile  soils  of  the  Midwestern  U.S.  contain  vast  amounts  of  nutrients,  soil  testing  is  a  common  practice  to  assess  nutrient  availability  and  is  especially  important  in  soybean  production,  where  reliance  is  often  on  existing  soil  nutrients  rather  than  supplementary  fertilization.                          Unlike  soybeans,  maize  production  typically  requires  fertilization  with  phosphorus  (P)  and  potassium  (K),  which  for  convenience  are  often  fall-applied.  Secondary  nutrients  like  S,  or  micronutrients  like  B,  are  also  gaining  attention  due  to  their  lower  levels  in  soils  and  increasing  reports  of  yield  increases  from  their  application,  and  co-granulated  fertilizers  offer  ways  to  provide  these  nutrients  along  with  the  traditional  P  and  K.  However,  some  of  the  nutrients  in  these  fertilizer  formulations  are  soil-mobile  (N,  S,  B),  and  can  be  lost,  or  fixed  by  the  soil  (P,  K)  during  the  five  to  six  months  between  fertilization  and  crop  establishment.  Aligning  nutrient  availability  with  crop  uptake  is  crucial  to  minimize  losses  and  maximize  both  fertilizer  use  efficiency  and  crop  yield.                          While  selecting  the  appropriate  combination  of  nutrients  is  critical  in  a  fertilizer  program,  it  does  not  guarantee  increased  nutrient  availability,  plant  uptake,  or  yield  gains  because  the  chemistry  of  the  soil  plays  a  vital  role  in  nutrient  accessibility.  Especially  important  is  soil  pH  which  is  a  key  factor  that  farmers  can  manage,  usually  through  the  application  of  lime  (calcium  carbonate).  Phosphorus  availability  is  particularly  pH-sensitive,  and  while  lime-induced  increases  in  soil  pH  could  enhance  P  availability,  there  is  a  reluctance  to  co-apply  lime  and  P  fertilizers  due  to  worry  about  forming  unavailable  calcium  phosphates.  What  is  not  clear  is  whether  changes  in  soil  P  availability  from  co-application  with  lime  will  more  than  offset  fixation  of  fertilizer  P  in  Illinois  soils  with  the  net  result  of  better  efficiency  of  fertilizer  P  use.                                  Given  these  complexities  in  soil  nutrient  dynamics,  the  objectives  of  these  studies  were  to  determine  how  well  soil  test  values  explained  yield  differences  of  maize  and  soybean,  and  how  fertilizer  inputs  and  agronomic  management  strategies  impacted  nutrient  availability,  crop  uptake,  and  ultimately,  grain  yield.  This  exploration  was  divided  into  four  distinct  research  areas:                        Do  soil  test  values  predict  yield  of  unfertilized  soybean  in  Illinois?                          Preplant  soil  samples  collected  from  133  soybean  trials  across  Illinois  were  analyzed  for  extractable  nutrient  concentrations  and  compared  to  unfertilized  grain  yields  using  Pearson  correlation  coefficients  (r),  principal  factor  analysis,  and  latent  variable  regression  models.  Soybean  grain  yield  did  not  correlate  strongly  to  any  of  the  evaluated  soil  nutrients,  however  the  strong  association  of  planting  date  and  yield  (r  =  -0.56),  led  to  dividing  the  data  set  into  five  planting  date  groups.  Soil  fertility  levels  resulted  in  strong  correlations  to  yield  for  Late  or  Very-late  planting  groups,  but  not  for  the  Early  or  Very-early  groups.  Regression  analysis  utilizing  the  latent  variables  from  the  factor  analysis  confirmed  that  soil  fertility  had  a  greater  influence  on  grain  yield  for  late-planted  soybean  than  early-planted,  and  that  these  differences  were  associated  with  heavier  seed  weight,  suggesting  that  late-planted  soybeans  may  be  more  responsive  to  fertilization  than  early-planted  soybeans.                        How  does  the  source  of  fall-applied  fertilizer  affect  the  availability  of  mineral  nutrients  during  the  growing  season  and  the  productivity  of  maize?                        Nitrogen  (N),  P,  K,  sulfur  (S),  and  boron  (B)  fertilizer  treatments  were  applied  in  the  fall  using  variations  in  fertilizer  source  (MAP,  AMS,  MES10,  MOP+B,  or  Aspire)  and  the  availability  and  location  of  these  nutrients  in  the  soil  profile  during  the  maize  growing  season  were  evaluated  as  were  their  impacts  on  grain  yield.  Most  of  the  fall-applied  N  was  not  detected  in  the  spring  soil  samples,  while  fall  P  fertilization  increased  topsoil-extractable  P  throughout  the  season,  and  both  P  sources  increased  grain  yield  over  the  untreated  control  (UTC).  Conversely,  K  fertilization  only  increased  extractable  K  in  the  top  0-15  cm  at  preplant  and  did  not  affect  yield.  Aspire  increased  soil  extractable  B  over  MOP+B  at  both  sampling  times,  and  at  nearly  all  sampling  depths,  and  increased  grain  yield  over  the  UTC.  The  findings  from  this  study  highlight  the  differential  availability  of  nutrients  in  the  soil  profile  from  fall  fertilization  and  emphasize  the  importance  of  selecting  appropriate  fertilizer  sources.                        Does  the  fall  fertilizer  source  affect  the  growth  and  mineral  nutrient  uptake  by  young  maize  plants,  and  are  these  differences  in  tissue  nutrient  status  correlated  with  grain  yield?                        Various  N,  P,  K,  S,  and  B  fertilizer  sources  (MAP,  AMS,  MES10,  MOP+B,  or  Aspire)  were  applied  in  the  fall  to  assess  their  impact  on  the  accumulation  (uptake)  and  concentration  (status)  of  nutrients  at  the  V8  growth  stage  of  maize  and  to  evaluate  whether  these  values  were  correlated  with  early-season  biomass,  grain  yield,  or  yield  components.  Fertilization  with  S  increased  both  S  concentration  and  accumulation,  while  B  applications  did  not  affect  either  the  accumulation  or  concentration  of  B.  All  correlations  between  grain  yield  and  V8  nutrient  concentrations  were  weak,  and  the  large  variation  in  the  values  among  the  years  indicates  that  nutrient  concentrations  were  more  environmentally  driven  than  being  true  indicators  of  plant  nutritional  statuses.  This  study  highlights  the  limitations  of  using  metrics  like  critical  nutrient  concentration  and  sufficiency  ranges  during  early  maize  growth  stages  as  reliable  indicators  of  plant  nutritional  status.                        Is  co-applying  phosphorus  fertilizer  and  lime  detrimental  to  soil  phosphorus  availability  and  the  productivity  of  maize?                        To  assess  how  co-application  of  P  fertilizer  and  lime  affects  soil  P  availability  and  growth  and  productivity  of  maize,  two  experiments  were  conducted  evaluating  different  rates  and  sources  of  fertilizer  P  and  different  rates  of  pelletized  lime  (PL)  broadcast-applied  in  the  fall.  Experiment  1  evaluated  a  single  rate  of  two  P  fertilizer  sources  (MAP  or  MES10),  while  Experiment  2  was  a  full  factorial  between  three  MAP  (0,  45,  and  90  kg  P2O5  ha-1)  and  four  PL  rates  (0,  225,  450,  and  900  kg  ha-1).  In  Experiment  1,  adding  lime  to  P  fertilizer  did  not  change  seasonal  soil  P  levels  at  any  depth  compared  to  fertilizer  alone,  but  it  increased  vegetative  growth  and  P  uptake  (both  concentration  and  accumulation)  when  added  to  MAP  (MAP+Lime)  and  yield  when  added  to  MES10.  Conversely,  in  Experiment  2,  lime  additions  resulted  in  both  increases  and  decreases  in  topsoil  P  availability  and  grain  yield,  without  any  clear  trends  related  to  P  or  lime  rates.  Overall,  these  studies  highlight  that  co-application  of  P  fertilizers  and  lime  in  the  fall  in  Illinois  may  not  be  as  antagonistic  as  previously  believed,  and  that  there  may  be  opportunities  to  use  lime  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  P-fertilizer  use.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0090.
■650  4▼aAgronomy
■650  4▼aSoil  sciences
■650  4▼aPlant  sciences
■653    ▼aSoil  fertility
■653    ▼aMaize
■653    ▼aSoybean  production
■653    ▼aFertilizer
■690    ▼a0285
■690    ▼a0481
■690    ▼a0479
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼bCrop  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0090
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17361050▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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