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Continuum Modeling to Understand and Optimize CO₂ and CO Reduction Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Continuum Modeling to Understand and Optimize CO₂ and CO Reduction Gas Diffusion Electrod...
Continuum Modeling to Understand and Optimize CO₂ and CO Reduction Gas Diffusion Electrodes

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102931
ISBN  
9798290651903
DDC  
621
저자명  
Disselkoen, Kyle R.
서명/저자  
Continuum Modeling to Understand and Optimize CO₂ and CO Reduction Gas Diffusion Electrodes
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
184 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kanan, Matthew;Mani, Ali.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Electrolysis of carbon dioxide presents a compelling method for decarbonizing chemical and fuel production by utilizing CO₂ as a climate-friendly substitute to traditional fossil-based raw materials. Low-temperature electrolysis using Cu electrocatalysts offers the capability to generate valuable C₂₊ products from (renewable) electricity, water, and CO₂ exclusively. These products could be further transformed into carbon--neutral or even carbon--negative chemicals and fuels. Instead of directly electrolyzing CO₂ to C₂₊ products, another approach is a two-step process involving an initial CO₂--to--CO conversion followed by CO--to--C₂₊ electrolysis. CO electrolysis is considered in Chapter 2 and CO₂ electrolysis in Chapter 3, each of which pose unique design and modelling challenges. Previous studies have generally been unable to show simultaneously high synthesis rates, high carbon efficiencies, and low cell voltages in a single system at steady state. Computational continuum--scale models are presented which improve understanding and guide optimization to reach these performance goals.Improvements to CO reduction (COR) gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are critical for advancing CO electrolysis cells, but the low solubility of CO in electrolyte and the difficulty of experimentally probing the heterogeneous environment of a GDE pose significant barriers to a comprehensive understanding of performance. In Chapter 2, a model is constructed for COR GDEs that includes fully coupled gas and ion transport and competing electrokinetic reactions. The transport and electrokinetic equations are solved in two dimensions to calculate critical COR figures of merit across multiple operating parameters including current density, flow rate, pressure, temperature and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The model is validated by showing agreement with experimental data for steady-state CO electrolysis at various pressures and flow rates. Application of the model over a wide range of conditions shows how the figures of merit depend on a complex interplay of the operating parameters. Increasing cell pressure above ambient and augmenting the ECSA of the catalyst are two effective strategies to improve cathode performance.CO₂ reduction (CO2RR) performance in gas diffusion electrodes has advanced significantly over the past decade but carbon efficiency and energy efficiency are still inadequate for commercial use cases. This is primarily a result of the CO₃²⁻ problem where CO₂ and OH⁻ ions react rapidly in solution, consuming the feedstock and leading to higher cell voltages at steady state. When this reaction occurs uninhibited, the pH of the electrolyte at steady state decreases to near--neutral in a carbonate/bicarbonate buffered system. A twofold strategy of minimizing carbonate formation at the cathode and stripping CO₂ from the electrolyte stream would allow the cell to operate with high pH electrolyte at steady state. This would improve carbon efficiency by reducing the CO₂ crossing over to the anode as carbonate. In addition, raising the pH near the anode would result in a shift in the potential of the anode towards the cathode and reduce the anode overpotential.In Chapter 3, cathode GDEs are designed to perform CO2RR at high rates with an elevated carbon efficiency in basic electrolyte. This design strategy requires a model which coupled electrokinetics, ion transport, and gas transport in three dimensions and addressed a range of time and length scales in the catalyst layer microenvironment. To accomplish this, the macroscopic structure is spatially homogenized to define a unit cell and homogenized over pore-scale features, and reaction terms are solved with an efficient time-implicit scheme. The impact of a wide range of geometric configurations and operating conditions on the carbon and energy efficiency of the cathode are investigated using the model. The CO3 2- problem requires controlling the rate of homogeneous reaction which can be achieved by maintaining a low local steady state OH- concentration and enhancing the Faradaic reaction which is dependent on the overpotential and fundamental catalyst performance. Lastly, maintaining high single pass conversion of CO2 requires calibrated gas delivery and gas transporting region geometry.
일반주제명  
Fuel cells
일반주제명  
Raw materials
일반주제명  
Electrolytes
일반주제명  
Hydrocarbons
일반주제명  
Nanowires
일반주제명  
Gases
일반주제명  
Electrodes
일반주제명  
Electricity
일반주제명  
Fossil fuels
일반주제명  
Emissions
일반주제명  
Carbon
일반주제명  
Electric rates
일반주제명  
Energy efficiency
일반주제명  
Pore size
일반주제명  
Boundary conditions
일반주제명  
Geometry
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
키워드  
Gas diffusion electrodes
키워드  
Carbon dioxide
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aDisselkoen,  Kyle  R.
■24510▼aContinuum  Modeling  to  Understand  and  Optimize  CO₂  and  CO  Reduction  Gas  Diffusion  Electrodes
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a184  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kanan,  Matthew;Mani,  Ali.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2023.
■520    ▼aElectrolysis  of  carbon  dioxide  presents  a  compelling  method  for  decarbonizing  chemical  and  fuel  production  by  utilizing  CO₂  as  a  climate-friendly  substitute  to  traditional  fossil-based  raw  materials.  Low-temperature  electrolysis  using  Cu  electrocatalysts  offers  the  capability  to  generate  valuable  C₂₊  products  from  (renewable)  electricity,  water,  and  CO₂  exclusively.  These  products  could  be  further  transformed  into  carbon--neutral  or  even  carbon--negative  chemicals  and  fuels.  Instead  of  directly  electrolyzing  CO₂  to  C₂₊  products,  another  approach  is  a  two-step  process  involving  an  initial  CO₂--to--CO  conversion  followed  by  CO--to--C₂₊  electrolysis.  CO  electrolysis  is  considered  in  Chapter  2  and  CO₂  electrolysis  in  Chapter  3,  each  of  which  pose  unique  design  and  modelling  challenges.  Previous  studies  have  generally  been  unable  to  show  simultaneously  high  synthesis  rates,  high  carbon  efficiencies,  and  low  cell  voltages  in  a  single  system  at  steady  state.  Computational  continuum--scale  models  are  presented  which  improve  understanding  and  guide  optimization  to  reach  these  performance  goals.Improvements  to  CO  reduction  (COR)  gas  diffusion  electrodes  (GDEs)  are  critical  for  advancing  CO  electrolysis  cells,  but  the  low  solubility  of  CO  in  electrolyte  and  the  difficulty  of  experimentally  probing  the  heterogeneous  environment  of  a  GDE  pose  significant  barriers  to  a  comprehensive  understanding  of  performance.  In  Chapter  2,  a  model  is  constructed  for  COR  GDEs  that  includes  fully  coupled  gas  and  ion  transport  and  competing  electrokinetic  reactions.  The  transport  and  electrokinetic  equations  are  solved  in  two  dimensions  to  calculate  critical  COR  figures  of  merit  across  multiple  operating  parameters  including  current  density,  flow  rate,  pressure,  temperature  and  electrochemically  active  surface  area  (ECSA).  The  model  is  validated  by  showing  agreement  with  experimental  data  for  steady-state  CO  electrolysis  at  various  pressures  and  flow  rates.  Application  of  the  model  over  a  wide  range  of  conditions  shows  how  the  figures  of  merit  depend  on  a  complex  interplay  of  the  operating  parameters.  Increasing  cell  pressure  above  ambient  and  augmenting  the  ECSA  of  the  catalyst  are  two  effective  strategies  to  improve  cathode  performance.CO₂  reduction  (CO2RR)  performance  in  gas  diffusion  electrodes  has  advanced  significantly  over  the  past  decade  but  carbon  efficiency  and  energy  efficiency  are  still  inadequate  for  commercial  use  cases.  This  is  primarily  a  result  of  the  CO₃²⁻  problem  where  CO₂  and  OH⁻  ions  react  rapidly  in  solution,  consuming  the  feedstock  and  leading  to  higher  cell  voltages  at  steady  state.  When  this  reaction  occurs  uninhibited,  the  pH  of  the  electrolyte  at  steady  state  decreases  to  near--neutral  in  a  carbonate/bicarbonate  buffered  system.  A  twofold  strategy  of  minimizing  carbonate  formation  at  the  cathode  and  stripping  CO₂  from  the  electrolyte  stream  would  allow  the  cell  to  operate  with  high  pH  electrolyte  at  steady  state.  This  would  improve  carbon  efficiency  by  reducing  the  CO₂  crossing  over  to  the  anode  as  carbonate.  In  addition,  raising  the  pH  near  the  anode  would  result  in  a  shift  in  the  potential  of  the  anode  towards  the  cathode  and  reduce  the  anode  overpotential.In  Chapter  3,  cathode  GDEs  are  designed  to  perform  CO2RR  at  high  rates  with  an  elevated  carbon  efficiency  in  basic  electrolyte.  This  design  strategy  requires  a  model  which  coupled  electrokinetics,  ion  transport,  and  gas  transport  in  three  dimensions  and  addressed  a  range  of  time  and  length  scales  in  the  catalyst  layer  microenvironment.  To  accomplish  this,  the  macroscopic  structure  is  spatially  homogenized  to  define  a  unit  cell  and  homogenized  over  pore-scale  features,  and  reaction  terms  are  solved  with  an  efficient  time-implicit  scheme.  The  impact  of  a  wide  range  of  geometric  configurations  and  operating  conditions  on  the  carbon  and  energy  efficiency  of  the  cathode  are  investigated  using  the  model.  The  CO3  2-  problem  requires  controlling  the  rate  of  homogeneous  reaction  which  can  be  achieved  by  maintaining  a  low  local  steady  state  OH-  concentration  and  enhancing  the  Faradaic  reaction  which  is  dependent  on  the  overpotential  and  fundamental  catalyst  performance.  Lastly,  maintaining  high  single  pass  conversion  of  CO2  requires  calibrated  gas  delivery  and  gas  transporting  region  geometry. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aFuel  cells
■650  4▼aRaw  materials
■650  4▼aElectrolytes
■650  4▼aHydrocarbons
■650  4▼aNanowires
■650  4▼aGases
■650  4▼aElectrodes
■650  4▼aElectricity
■650  4▼aFossil  fuels
■650  4▼aEmissions
■650  4▼aCarbon
■650  4▼aElectric  rates
■650  4▼aEnergy  efficiency
■650  4▼aPore  size
■650  4▼aBoundary  conditions
■650  4▼aGeometry
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■653    ▼aGas  diffusion  electrodes
■653    ▼aCarbon  dioxide
■690    ▼a0544
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17366034▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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