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Fair Division of Indivisibles Through the Computational Lens
Fair Division of Indivisibles Through the Computational Lens
Fair Division of Indivisibles Through the Computational Lens

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102932
ISBN  
9798291573983
DDC  
004
저자명  
Kulkarni, Rucha.
서명/저자  
Fair Division of Indivisibles Through the Computational Lens
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
141 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Mehta, Ruta.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약This thesis studies the computational problem of fairly dividing a set of indivisible and non-shareable items among n agents with heterogeneous preferences. The focus of this work is on three fairness notions - the Nash social welfare (NSW), Maximin share (MMS), and relaxations of envy-freeness. The thesis thus has three natural parts, one corresponding to each of these. Extensive work on these notions were mainly focused on allocating goods, i.e., positively valued items, among agents with additive valuations. Our work in the first two parts extends state-of-the-art on NSW and MMS respectively to valuations beyond additive and to bads, i.e., negatively valued items. The third part models a real-world setting on network routing as a fairness problem, defines relaxations of envy-freeness applicable here and studies their computability.The first part studies the problem of maximizing Nash welfare, the weighted geometric mean of agent's utilities, where weights are agents' entitlements. This notion is well-known for achieving a right balance between fairness and efficiency. Prior work had mainly focused on symmetric weight agents with additive valuation functions. For the asymmetric case, a trivial O(m) approximate factor algorithm was known, where m is the number of goods being distributed. We initiate the study of the case where the agents can have submodular valuation functions. Along with submodular valuations, we also allow the agents to have asymmetric weights. We design two algorithms: (i) When agents have additive valuations and unequal entitlements, to find O(n)-approximate NSW allocation, where n is the number of agents. (ii) When agents have submodular valuations and unequal entitlements, to find O(n log(n))-approximate NSW. For the latter, when n is a constant, show tight lower-upper bounds of (1 − 1/e) ≈ 1.5819-approximation, and thereby resolving this case completely.The second part focuses on the MMS notion, one of the most popular share-based notions. Extensive work on MMS largely focused on allocating either goods or bads, but not both together. We initiate the study of MMS for mixed-manna, i.e., allocating both goods and bads together, under additive valuations. We first show non-existence of any non-trival approximation in general. We next design a PTAS to find an α-MMS allocation, where α is the instance specific optimal factor, under two conditions: (i) constant n, and (ii) for every agent i, her total absolute value for all the items is significantly greater than the minimum of her total value for goods and her total absolute value for chores. Both of these conditions are unavoidable, as we show intractability when either of the condition is dropped. For the goods allocation case when the agents have OXS valuation functions: We show the existence of a 1 3 (1 + 2/3 n−2/3 )-MMS allocation and a PTAS for the same, breaking the barrier of 1/3-MMS that was previously known. We also show that a better than 2/3-MMS allocation does not exist for all instances in this class.In the third part we study fairness in the routing problems. also known as congestion games, extending the classical fairness notion of envy freeness to this setting. We obtain the following results.• We define fairness and efficiency notions called envy-free ratio and rank approximation for this setting. Informally, a path has rank k if its among the k best paths computed according to some optimal algorithm.• When the cost functions are linear, we present 4 approximately fair and 2 approximately efficient algorithm.• For the more general setting where the network may dynamically change over time, we preassign alternates, that is a set of paths to each of the n users. We show an algorithm that pre-assigns O(log n) paths such that the assignment is 2 approximately fair, and each user will be able to pick a path that has (1 + 2/e)cn approximate rank.
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Computer engineering
일반주제명  
Computational physics
키워드  
Fair division
키워드  
Indivisible items
키워드  
Nash welfare
키워드  
Maximin share
키워드  
Envy-freeness
기타저자  
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Computer Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aKulkarni,  Rucha.
■24510▼aFair  Division  of  Indivisibles  Through  the  Computational  Lens
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a141  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mehta,  Ruta.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign,  2023.
■520    ▼aThis  thesis  studies  the  computational  problem  of  fairly  dividing  a  set  of  indivisible  and  non-shareable  items  among  n  agents  with  heterogeneous  preferences.  The  focus  of  this  work  is  on  three  fairness  notions  -  the  Nash  social  welfare  (NSW),  Maximin  share  (MMS),  and  relaxations  of  envy-freeness.  The  thesis  thus  has  three  natural  parts,  one  corresponding  to  each  of  these.  Extensive  work  on  these  notions  were  mainly  focused  on  allocating  goods,  i.e.,  positively  valued  items,  among  agents  with  additive  valuations.  Our  work  in  the  first  two  parts  extends  state-of-the-art  on  NSW  and  MMS  respectively  to  valuations  beyond  additive  and  to  bads,  i.e.,  negatively  valued  items.  The  third  part  models  a  real-world  setting  on  network  routing  as  a  fairness  problem,  defines  relaxations  of  envy-freeness  applicable  here  and  studies  their  computability.The  first  part  studies  the  problem  of  maximizing  Nash  welfare,  the  weighted  geometric  mean  of  agent's  utilities,  where  weights  are  agents'  entitlements.  This  notion  is  well-known  for  achieving  a  right  balance  between  fairness  and  efficiency.  Prior  work  had  mainly  focused  on  symmetric  weight  agents  with  additive  valuation  functions.  For  the  asymmetric  case,  a  trivial  O(m)  approximate  factor  algorithm  was  known,  where  m  is  the  number  of  goods  being  distributed.  We  initiate  the  study  of  the  case  where  the  agents  can  have  submodular  valuation  functions.  Along  with  submodular  valuations,  we  also  allow  the  agents  to  have  asymmetric  weights.  We  design  two  algorithms:  (i)  When  agents  have  additive  valuations  and  unequal  entitlements,  to  find  O(n)-approximate  NSW  allocation,  where  n  is  the  number  of  agents.  (ii)  When  agents  have  submodular  valuations  and  unequal  entitlements,  to  find  O(n  log(n))-approximate  NSW.  For  the  latter,  when  n  is  a  constant,  show  tight  lower-upper  bounds  of  (1  −  1/e)  ≈  1.5819-approximation,  and  thereby  resolving  this  case  completely.The  second  part  focuses  on  the  MMS  notion,  one  of  the  most  popular  share-based  notions.  Extensive  work  on  MMS  largely  focused  on  allocating  either  goods  or  bads,  but  not  both  together.  We  initiate  the  study  of  MMS  for  mixed-manna,  i.e.,  allocating  both  goods  and  bads  together,  under  additive  valuations.  We  first  show  non-existence  of  any  non-trival  approximation  in  general.  We  next  design  a  PTAS  to  find  an  α-MMS  allocation,  where  α  is  the  instance  specific  optimal  factor,  under  two  conditions:  (i)  constant  n,  and  (ii)  for  every  agent  i,  her  total  absolute  value  for  all  the  items  is  significantly  greater  than  the  minimum  of  her  total  value  for  goods  and  her  total  absolute  value  for  chores.  Both  of  these  conditions  are  unavoidable,  as  we  show  intractability  when  either  of  the  condition  is  dropped.  For  the  goods  allocation  case  when  the  agents  have  OXS  valuation  functions:  We  show  the  existence  of  a  1  3  (1  +  2/3  n−2/3  )-MMS  allocation  and  a  PTAS  for  the  same,  breaking  the  barrier  of  1/3-MMS  that  was  previously  known.  We  also  show  that  a  better  than  2/3-MMS  allocation  does  not  exist  for  all  instances  in  this  class.In  the  third  part  we  study  fairness  in  the  routing  problems.  also  known  as  congestion  games,  extending  the  classical  fairness  notion  of  envy  freeness  to  this  setting.  We  obtain  the  following  results.•  We  define  fairness  and  efficiency  notions  called  envy-free  ratio  and  rank  approximation  for  this  setting.  Informally,  a  path  has  rank  k  if  its  among  the  k  best  paths  computed  according  to  some  optimal  algorithm.•  When  the  cost  functions  are  linear,  we  present  4  approximately  fair  and  2  approximately  efficient  algorithm.•  For  the  more  general  setting  where  the  network  may  dynamically  change  over  time,  we  preassign  alternates,  that  is  a  set  of  paths  to  each  of  the  n  users.  We  show  an  algorithm  that  pre-assigns  O(log  n)  paths  such  that  the  assignment  is  2  approximately  fair,  and  each  user  will  be  able  to  pick  a  path  that  has  (1  +  2/e)cn  approximate  rank.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0090.
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■650  4▼aComputer  engineering
■650  4▼aComputational  physics
■653    ▼aFair  division
■653    ▼aIndivisible  items
■653    ▼aNash  welfare
■653    ▼aMaximin  share
■653    ▼aEnvy-freeness
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0464
■690    ▼a0216
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼bComputer  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0090
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17366037▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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