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Distributional Considerations in Climate Economics
Distributional Considerations in Climate Economics
Distributional Considerations in Climate Economics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103030
ISBN  
9798286441365
DDC  
363
저자명  
Lang, Simon F.
서명/저자  
Distributional Considerations in Climate Economics
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
214 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gillingham, Kenneth.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Climate change and climate policies have distributional consequences on a global scale. Climate impacts are unevenly distributed, responsibilities for emissions vary across countries, and capabilities to mitigate and adapt differ. These distributional aspects are at the heart of international climate policy discussions. In response, international climate finance-financial transfers from developed to developing countries for climate mitigation, adaptation, and damage compensation-has become a central topic in international climate negotiations. The three chapters of this dissertation explore distributional considerations in climate economics from different perspectives and assess how optimal climate policy may depend on these considerations.The first paper examines how the stance on global inequality-reflected in the choice of regional welfare weights-affects optimal carbon prices. Specifically, I investigate how standard estimates of optimal carbon prices, which focus solely on efficiency and are insensitive to the distribution of the costs and benefits of climate policy, compare to those under an inequality-sensitive approach that accounts for differences in the marginal value of consumption between wealthier and poorer countries. I theoretically show that accounting for inequality increases the optimal stringency of global climate policy if poorer nations are more vulnerable to climate change-due to higher marginal climate damages, faster population growth, and slow economic catch-up-and if the costs of reducing emissions predominantly fall on wealthier countries. In calibrated simulations, I find that accounting for inequality increases the optimal climate policy stringency. This result is primarily driven by disproportionately large climate damages in poorer countries. In the absence of international transfers, more stringent climate policy improves global welfare.Building on the first chapter, the second chapter relaxes the assumption of no international transfers to explore how the availability of international climate finance influences welfare-maximizing carbon prices. By focusing on the transfer quantity agreed upon in international climate negotiations, the chapter addresses the question: What are the welfare-maximizing carbon prices given real-world constraints on international transfers? I find that the Paris Agreement's $100 billion annual transfer considerably reduces optimal global emissions when it is directed toward mitigation projects in developing countries. Together, the first two chapters establish that accounting for inequality and the availability of international climate finance-two central aspects in international climate policy-reduces optimal global emissions by 31% compared to a policy that excludes these factors.The third chapter, coauthored with Matthew Kotchen and Matthew Gordon, adopts a different perspective on the distributional aspects of climate change. While the first two chapters use a welfare-economic approach to examine how optimal climate policy depends on the stance toward global consumption inequality, the third chapter applies a property rights perspective that maintains the standard separation between global inequality and climate change, narrowing the focus on the distributional effects of climate change itself. However, we show that there is no unique way to separate the issues of global inequality and climate change, as climate change and climate policies have distributional consequences of their own. Instead, different property rights regimes-ranging from "right to pollute" to "right to no pollution"-characterize a set of efficient allocations. These allocations differ solely in the distribution of the cost burden of climate damages and abatement, resulting in different distributional outcomes. We further link these distributional outcomes to different regional welfare weights in the social welfare function and establish theoretically grounded definitions for international payments for climate mitigation and climate damages-both widely discussed in international negotiations. Calibrated simulations illustrate the theoretical insights and quantify the distributional implications of different property rights regimes.
일반주제명  
Climate change
키워드  
Carbon pricing
키워드  
Climate economics
키워드  
Inequality
키워드  
Integrated assessment models
키워드  
International climate finance
키워드  
Welfare economics
기타저자  
Yale University Forestry and Environmental Studies
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aLang,  Simon  F.
■24510▼aDistributional  Considerations  in  Climate  Economics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a214  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gillingham,  Kenneth.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aClimate  change  and  climate  policies  have  distributional  consequences  on  a  global  scale.  Climate  impacts  are  unevenly  distributed,  responsibilities  for  emissions  vary  across  countries,  and  capabilities  to  mitigate  and  adapt  differ.  These  distributional  aspects  are  at  the  heart  of  international  climate  policy  discussions.  In  response,  international  climate  finance-financial  transfers  from  developed  to  developing  countries  for  climate  mitigation,  adaptation,  and  damage  compensation-has  become  a  central  topic  in  international  climate  negotiations.  The  three  chapters  of  this  dissertation  explore  distributional  considerations  in  climate  economics  from  different  perspectives  and  assess  how  optimal  climate  policy  may  depend  on  these  considerations.The  first  paper  examines  how  the  stance  on  global  inequality-reflected  in  the  choice  of  regional  welfare  weights-affects  optimal  carbon  prices.  Specifically,  I  investigate  how  standard  estimates  of  optimal  carbon  prices,  which  focus  solely  on  efficiency  and  are  insensitive  to  the  distribution  of  the  costs  and  benefits  of  climate  policy,  compare  to  those  under  an  inequality-sensitive  approach  that  accounts  for  differences  in  the  marginal  value  of  consumption  between  wealthier  and  poorer  countries.  I  theoretically  show  that  accounting  for  inequality  increases  the  optimal  stringency  of  global  climate  policy  if  poorer  nations  are  more  vulnerable  to  climate  change-due  to  higher  marginal  climate  damages,  faster  population  growth,  and  slow  economic  catch-up-and  if  the  costs  of  reducing  emissions  predominantly  fall  on  wealthier  countries.  In  calibrated  simulations,  I  find  that  accounting  for  inequality  increases  the  optimal  climate  policy  stringency.  This  result  is  primarily  driven  by  disproportionately  large  climate  damages  in  poorer  countries.  In  the  absence  of  international  transfers,  more  stringent  climate  policy  improves  global  welfare.Building  on  the  first  chapter,  the  second  chapter  relaxes  the  assumption  of  no  international  transfers  to  explore  how  the  availability  of  international  climate  finance  influences  welfare-maximizing  carbon  prices.  By  focusing  on  the  transfer  quantity  agreed  upon  in  international  climate  negotiations,  the  chapter  addresses  the  question:  What  are  the  welfare-maximizing  carbon  prices  given  real-world  constraints  on  international  transfers?  I  find  that  the  Paris  Agreement's  $100  billion  annual  transfer  considerably  reduces  optimal  global  emissions  when  it  is  directed  toward  mitigation  projects  in  developing  countries.  Together,  the  first  two  chapters  establish  that  accounting  for  inequality  and  the  availability  of  international  climate  finance-two  central  aspects  in  international  climate  policy-reduces  optimal  global  emissions  by  31%  compared  to  a  policy  that  excludes  these  factors.The  third  chapter,  coauthored  with  Matthew  Kotchen  and  Matthew  Gordon,  adopts  a  different  perspective  on  the  distributional  aspects  of  climate  change.  While  the  first  two  chapters  use  a  welfare-economic  approach  to  examine  how  optimal  climate  policy  depends  on  the  stance  toward  global  consumption  inequality,  the  third  chapter  applies  a  property  rights  perspective  that  maintains  the  standard  separation  between  global  inequality  and  climate  change,  narrowing  the  focus  on  the  distributional  effects  of  climate  change  itself.  However,  we  show  that  there  is  no  unique  way  to  separate  the  issues  of  global  inequality  and  climate  change,  as  climate  change  and  climate  policies  have  distributional  consequences  of  their  own.  Instead,  different  property  rights  regimes-ranging  from  "right  to  pollute"  to  "right  to  no  pollution"-characterize  a  set  of  efficient  allocations.  These  allocations  differ  solely  in  the  distribution  of  the  cost  burden  of  climate  damages  and  abatement,  resulting  in  different  distributional  outcomes.  We  further  link  these  distributional  outcomes  to  different  regional  welfare  weights  in  the  social  welfare  function  and  establish  theoretically  grounded  definitions  for  international  payments  for  climate  mitigation  and  climate  damages-both  widely  discussed  in  international  negotiations.  Calibrated  simulations  illustrate  the  theoretical  insights  and  quantify  the  distributional  implications  of  different  property  rights  regimes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■653    ▼aCarbon  pricing
■653    ▼aClimate  economics
■653    ▼aInequality
■653    ▼aIntegrated  assessment  models
■653    ▼aInternational  climate  finance
■653    ▼aWelfare  economics
■690    ▼a0438
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0601
■71020▼aYale  University▼bForestry  and  Environmental  Studies.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356763▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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