본문

서브메뉴

Regulation of Intercellular Communication by Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors
Regulation of Intercellular Communication by Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors
Regulation of Intercellular Communication by Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103031
ISBN  
9798280711570
DDC  
616
저자명  
Lish, Alexandra.
서명/저자  
Regulation of Intercellular Communication by Alzheimers Disease Genetic Risk Factors
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
234 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Young-Pearse, Tracy.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Intercellular communication between glial cells, neurons, and the vasculature drives the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The accumulation of misfolded proteins initiates neuroinflammation, activating microglia to release proinflammatory signals that, in turn, drive astrocyte reactivity. This feedback loop sustains and amplifies inflammation, disrupts vascular function, and accelerates the progression of synapse loss and neurodegeneration. Although hallmark features of AD-tau tangles, Aβ deposits, and synapse loss-emphasize neuronal dysfunction, genetic studies underscore the pivotal role of glial-specific genes, including TREM2, APOE, and CLU, in late-onset AD (LOAD). In contrast, familial AD (fAD) is driven by mutations in APP and PSEN1/2, which are known to induce altered Aβ production within neurons. Understanding how glial-driven LOAD risk factors contribute to neuronal dysfunction and how fAD-linked mutations disrupt glial communication is crucial for unraveling the interconnected mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.Advancements in single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) have uncovered diverse cellular states implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including disease-associated microglia (DAM), which are closely tied to neuronal function. However, testing hypotheses regarding glial-neuronal intercellular communication derived from these datasets requires a reproducible human model system capable of capturing the complexity of these interactions. To address this, we developed a robust human iPSC-derived triple-culture platform incorporating astrocytes, neurons, and microglia. Analyses of each cell type in mono- and co-culture uncovered distinct transcriptional signatures uniquely shaped by co-culture interactions. For example, astrocyte co-culture strongly induced the upregulation of DAM-associated proteins, including TREM2, SPP1, APOE, and GPNMB. Strikingly, exposure to fAD neurons initially suppressed astrocyte-mediated DAM induction while activating NfB-dependent inflammatory responses. These findings validate our platform's ability to model glial-neuronal interactions and provide insights into how fAD mutations disrupt intercellular signaling.We then leveraged this platform to investigate the intercellular mechanisms underlying the AD risk gene Clusterin (CLU). Genetic studies implicate CLU in AD pathogenesis, and CLU levels are elevated in the brains of individuals with AD. Despite nearly three decades of research, the role of CLU remains enigmatic: it is unclear whether CLU upregulation is neuroprotective, contributes to pathology, or serves merely as a biomarker. Based on multi-omic analyses of postmortem human brain tissue, we hypothesized that sufficient astrocytic CLU upregulation in response to neuropathology preserves cognitive function, while reduced CLU expression, as seen in individuals carrying CLU risk alleles, increases disease susceptibility. Using human iPSC-based models, we explored the molecular and functional consequences of CLU deficiency. Unbiased proteomic profiling and functional validation revealed that CLU deficiency activates NFκB-dependent signaling, leading to elevated secretion of complement component C3 and proinflammatory cytokines. By establishing co-cultures of astrocytes with neurons, microglia, or both, we demonstrate an intricate network of intercellular signaling, leading to microglia-dependent tau phosphorylation, increased microglia phagocytosis, and reduced synapse density in CLU deficient conditions. Remarkedly, longitudinal analysis of human plasma samples revealed that individuals with CLU protective alleles showed an increase in CLU levels over time without changes in inflammatory markers, while those with risk alleles exhibited stable CLU levels alongside an upregulation in inflammatory markers. By integrating mouse and human cellular models, we demonstrate that CLU risk alleles recapitulate CLU-loss-of-function phenotypes under neuropathological burden. In vivo, mice carrying a humanized CLU risk allele showed reduced CLU protein levels and increased expression of phagocytosis- and complement-related genes. In vitro, we used genetically diverse iPSC-derived astrocytes to demonstrate that CLU risk alleles led to reduced CLU and APOE levels and increased complement protein and phosphorylated tau levels in co-cultures with microglia and neurons. Taken together, our findings establish a mechanistic link between AD genetic risk factors, astrocyte reactivity, and microglia-mediated effects on synaptic integrity, underscoring CLU as a pivotal neuroprotective factor in AD pathogenesis and brain health.Our triple-culture model effectively captures critical signaling dynamics among microglia, neurons, and astrocytes but lacks vascular components, such as brain endothelial cells and pericytes, which are integral to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB, a cornerstone of the neurovascular unit (NVU), preserves brain homeostasis, and its dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative processes. To extend our platform, we developed an all-human BBB model that incorporates endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia. We demonstrate the utility of this model by profiling the molecular responses of BBB cells exposed to fAD neurons, revealing dysregulated pathways across multiple cell types, including extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, complement activation, and TNF signaling via NFκB. Furthermore, endothelial cells exhibited upregulation of matrisome proteins (e.g., SMOC1, SPOCK3, MDK) and increased matrix metalloproteinase activity, recapitulating vascular changes observed in the AD brain. Our findings provide a powerful resource for investigating cell-type-specific responses to pathogenic Aβ and provide a platform for exploring therapeutic interventions targeting the NVU.Collectively, these studies illuminate the critical role of glial-neuronal and vasculature interactions in AD pathogenesis, revealing how glial-driven risk factors affect neuronal homeostasis and how fAD-associated mutations disrupt intercellular communication. Using our co-culture systems, we found that acute exposure to fAD neurons suppresses astrocyte-induced DAM states, triggers inflammatory responses, and upregulates matrisome proteins in BBB cell types, reflecting AD-related vascular changes. Moreover, we demonstrate that CLU protects neuronal synapses by mitigating complement and inflammatory signaling between microglia and astrocytes. These findings underscore the utility of co-culture models in uncovering mechanisms by which glial-neuronal and vasculature interactions preserve brain homeostasis and how their disruption by genetic risk factors contributes to neurodegeneration.
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Immunology
키워드  
Intercellular communication
키워드  
Alzheimer's disease
키워드  
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing
키워드  
Disease-associated microglia
키워드  
Blood-brain barrier
기타저자  
Harvard University Biological and Biomedical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008260126s2025        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017356769
■00520260202103031
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798280711570
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31845943
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a616
■1001  ▼aLish,  Alexandra.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-5207-922X?lang=en
■24510▼aRegulation  of  Intercellular  Communication  by  Alzheimer's  Disease  Genetic  Risk  Factors
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a234  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Young-Pearse,  Tracy.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aIntercellular  communication  between  glial  cells,  neurons,  and  the  vasculature  drives  the  progression  of  neurodegenerative  diseases  like  Alzheimer's  disease  (AD).  The  accumulation  of  misfolded  proteins  initiates  neuroinflammation,  activating  microglia  to  release  proinflammatory  signals  that,  in  turn,  drive  astrocyte  reactivity.  This  feedback  loop  sustains  and  amplifies  inflammation,  disrupts  vascular  function,  and  accelerates  the  progression  of  synapse  loss  and  neurodegeneration.  Although  hallmark  features  of  AD-tau  tangles,  Aβ  deposits,  and  synapse  loss-emphasize  neuronal  dysfunction,  genetic  studies  underscore  the  pivotal  role  of  glial-specific  genes,  including  TREM2,  APOE,  and  CLU,  in  late-onset  AD  (LOAD).  In  contrast,  familial  AD  (fAD)  is  driven  by  mutations  in  APP  and  PSEN1/2,  which  are  known  to  induce  altered  Aβ  production  within  neurons.  Understanding  how  glial-driven  LOAD  risk  factors  contribute  to  neuronal  dysfunction  and  how  fAD-linked  mutations  disrupt  glial  communication  is  crucial  for  unraveling  the  interconnected  mechanisms  of  AD  pathogenesis.Advancements  in  single-nucleus  RNA  sequencing  (snRNAseq)  have  uncovered  diverse  cellular  states  implicated  in  neurodegenerative  diseases,  including  disease-associated  microglia  (DAM),  which  are  closely  tied  to  neuronal  function.  However,  testing  hypotheses  regarding  glial-neuronal  intercellular  communication  derived  from  these  datasets  requires  a  reproducible  human  model  system  capable  of  capturing  the  complexity  of  these  interactions.  To  address  this,  we  developed  a  robust  human  iPSC-derived  triple-culture  platform  incorporating  astrocytes,  neurons,  and  microglia.  Analyses  of  each  cell  type  in  mono-  and  co-culture  uncovered  distinct  transcriptional  signatures  uniquely  shaped  by  co-culture  interactions.  For  example,  astrocyte  co-culture  strongly  induced  the  upregulation  of  DAM-associated  proteins,  including  TREM2,  SPP1,  APOE,  and  GPNMB.  Strikingly,  exposure  to  fAD  neurons  initially  suppressed  astrocyte-mediated  DAM  induction  while  activating  NfB-dependent  inflammatory  responses.  These  findings  validate  our  platform's  ability  to  model  glial-neuronal  interactions  and  provide  insights  into  how  fAD  mutations  disrupt  intercellular  signaling.We  then  leveraged  this  platform  to  investigate  the  intercellular  mechanisms  underlying  the  AD  risk  gene  Clusterin  (CLU).  Genetic  studies  implicate  CLU  in  AD  pathogenesis,  and  CLU  levels  are  elevated  in  the  brains  of  individuals  with  AD.  Despite  nearly  three  decades  of  research,  the  role  of  CLU  remains  enigmatic:  it  is  unclear  whether  CLU  upregulation  is  neuroprotective,  contributes  to  pathology,  or  serves  merely  as  a  biomarker.  Based  on  multi-omic  analyses  of  postmortem  human  brain  tissue,  we  hypothesized  that  sufficient  astrocytic  CLU  upregulation  in  response  to  neuropathology  preserves  cognitive  function,  while  reduced  CLU  expression,  as  seen  in  individuals  carrying  CLU  risk  alleles,  increases  disease  susceptibility.  Using  human  iPSC-based  models,  we  explored  the  molecular  and  functional  consequences  of  CLU  deficiency.  Unbiased  proteomic  profiling  and  functional  validation  revealed  that  CLU  deficiency  activates  NFκB-dependent  signaling,  leading  to  elevated  secretion  of  complement  component  C3  and  proinflammatory  cytokines.  By  establishing  co-cultures  of  astrocytes  with  neurons,  microglia,  or  both,  we  demonstrate  an  intricate  network  of  intercellular  signaling,  leading  to  microglia-dependent  tau  phosphorylation,  increased  microglia  phagocytosis,  and  reduced  synapse  density  in  CLU  deficient  conditions.  Remarkedly,  longitudinal  analysis  of  human  plasma  samples  revealed  that  individuals  with  CLU  protective  alleles  showed  an  increase  in  CLU  levels  over  time  without  changes  in  inflammatory  markers,  while  those  with  risk  alleles  exhibited  stable  CLU  levels  alongside  an  upregulation  in  inflammatory  markers.  By  integrating  mouse  and  human  cellular  models,  we  demonstrate  that  CLU  risk  alleles  recapitulate  CLU-loss-of-function  phenotypes  under  neuropathological  burden.  In  vivo,  mice  carrying  a  humanized  CLU  risk  allele  showed  reduced  CLU  protein  levels  and  increased  expression  of  phagocytosis-  and  complement-related  genes.  In  vitro,  we  used  genetically  diverse  iPSC-derived  astrocytes  to  demonstrate  that  CLU  risk  alleles  led  to  reduced  CLU  and  APOE  levels  and  increased  complement  protein  and  phosphorylated  tau  levels  in  co-cultures  with  microglia  and  neurons.  Taken  together,  our  findings  establish  a  mechanistic  link  between  AD  genetic  risk  factors,  astrocyte  reactivity,  and  microglia-mediated  effects  on  synaptic  integrity,  underscoring  CLU  as  a  pivotal  neuroprotective  factor  in  AD  pathogenesis  and  brain  health.Our  triple-culture  model  effectively  captures  critical  signaling  dynamics  among  microglia,  neurons,  and  astrocytes  but  lacks  vascular  components,  such  as  brain  endothelial  cells  and  pericytes,  which  are  integral  to  the  blood-brain  barrier  (BBB).  The  BBB,  a  cornerstone  of  the  neurovascular  unit  (NVU),  preserves  brain  homeostasis,  and  its  dysfunction  contributes  to  neurodegenerative  processes.  To  extend  our  platform,  we  developed  an  all-human  BBB  model  that  incorporates  endothelial  cells,  pericytes,  astrocytes,  neurons,  and  microglia.  We  demonstrate  the  utility  of  this  model  by  profiling  the  molecular  responses  of  BBB  cells  exposed  to  fAD  neurons,  revealing  dysregulated  pathways  across  multiple  cell  types,  including  extracellular  matrix  (ECM)  degradation,  complement  activation,  and  TNF  signaling  via  NFκB.  Furthermore,  endothelial  cells  exhibited  upregulation  of  matrisome  proteins  (e.g.,  SMOC1,  SPOCK3,  MDK)  and  increased  matrix  metalloproteinase  activity,  recapitulating  vascular  changes  observed  in  the  AD  brain.  Our  findings  provide  a  powerful  resource  for  investigating  cell-type-specific  responses  to  pathogenic  Aβ  and  provide  a  platform  for  exploring  therapeutic  interventions  targeting  the  NVU.Collectively,  these  studies  illuminate  the  critical  role  of  glial-neuronal  and  vasculature  interactions  in  AD  pathogenesis,  revealing  how  glial-driven  risk  factors  affect  neuronal  homeostasis  and  how  fAD-associated  mutations  disrupt  intercellular  communication.  Using  our  co-culture  systems,  we  found  that  acute  exposure  to  fAD  neurons  suppresses  astrocyte-induced  DAM  states,  triggers  inflammatory  responses,  and  upregulates  matrisome  proteins  in  BBB  cell  types,  reflecting  AD-related  vascular  changes.  Moreover,  we  demonstrate  that  CLU  protects  neuronal  synapses  by  mitigating  complement  and  inflammatory  signaling  between  microglia  and  astrocytes.  These  findings  underscore  the  utility  of  co-culture  models  in  uncovering  mechanisms  by  which  glial-neuronal  and  vasculature  interactions  preserve  brain  homeostasis  and  how  their  disruption  by  genetic  risk  factors  contributes  to  neurodegeneration.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aImmunology
■653    ▼aIntercellular  communication
■653    ▼aAlzheimer's  disease
■653    ▼aSingle-nucleus  RNA  sequencing
■653    ▼aDisease-associated  microglia
■653    ▼aBlood-brain  barrier
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiological  and  Biomedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356769▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

미리보기

내보내기

chatGPT토론

Ai 추천 관련 도서


    신착도서 더보기
    최근 3년간 통계입니다.

    소장정보

    • 예약
    • 소재불명신고
    • 나의폴더
    • 우선정리요청
    • 비도서대출신청
    • 야간 도서대출신청
    소장자료
    등록번호 청구기호 소장처 대출가능여부 대출정보
    TF16559 전자도서 대출가능 마이폴더 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청 야간 도서대출신청

    * 대출중인 자료에 한하여 예약이 가능합니다. 예약을 원하시면 예약버튼을 클릭하십시오.

    해당 도서를 다른 이용자가 함께 대출한 도서

    관련 인기도서

    로그인 후 이용 가능합니다.