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Worker and Consumer Choice in the Process of Structural Transformation
Worker and Consumer Choice in the Process of Structural Transformation
Worker and Consumer Choice in the Process of Structural Transformation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103033
ISBN  
9798286441815
DDC  
640
저자명  
Schwartzman, Matthew.
서명/저자  
Worker and Consumer Choice in the Process of Structural Transformation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
183 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Peters, Michael;Zilibotti, Fabrizio.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Economic development encompasses more than just growth of average productivity and income per capita. Growth cannot occur without a broader process of structural transformation that reallocates economic activity across production units, sectors, and locations. This reallocation depends on workers' choices of where and how to supply their labor and consumers' choices of what to consume. The three chapters of my dissertation examine different forces that influence worker and consumer choices - such as labor market frictions, market access costs, uninsurable risk, and technological spillovers - and these choices' implications for the aggregate path of the economy.Services are the largest employment sector in the world, and recent studies show that it is a significant source of productivity growth in developing countries. But little is understood about how the service sector can generate this growth, especially in low-income settings, where it primarily consists of basic consumer services like retail and food service. The first chapter of my dissertation argues that the key driver of service-led growth in developing countries is the service transformation: the ongoing process of modern service firms like supermarkets and restaurants replacing traditional micro-entrepreneurs like street vendors and food hawkers. I use micro-data to show that this process reflects two underlying forces: workers moving out of subsistence employment in traditional services to more productive modern jobs, and consumers increasing their relative demand for modern services as they get richer. I build these two forces into a general equilibrium model of the service sector. The model micro-founds income effects on consumer demand with fixed shopping costs to access modern services. It also features search frictions for wage work in the labor market, which micro-found the marginal productivity gap between modern and traditional services. Together, these features imply that small improvements in the technology used by modern service firms set off a cycle of amplified productivity growth. As workers transition to the modern sector, they increase aggregate income and redirect demand to modern services, which pulls in more workers and generates further growth. A significant portion of this growth comes from reallocation of workers to more productive jobs, rather than mechanical growth from making workers more productive in the jobs they already hold.I estimate the model with Brazilian micro-data on consumer service expenditures, worker earning and employment dynamics, and the local allocation of service employment and income. I validate the estimated model by testing it against a number of untargeted moments, including a natural experiment from Brazil's trade liberalization. Counterfactual simulations of the estimated model show that the main catalyst of Brazilian service transformation from 2000 to 2010 was improving technology in the modern service sector. Demand effects amplified this transformation by a factor of 1.22. The resulting transformation generated service-led productivity growth. Over half of this growth was reallocation gains from shifting service workers into the more productive modern sector.The second chapter of my dissertation assesses environmental arguments against growth in light of ongoing structural transformation, recognizing that growth is not simply a scale-up of production, but a change in what is produced. With coauthors, I build a model with non-homothetic preferences and innovation that can be directed towards reducing the cost of material production or improving the quality of final goods. As real income grows, consumers demand higher-quality goods, and innovation shifts towards increasing the quality rather than the quantity of consumer goods. Higher quality is associated with a higher service input, so that over time the economy becomes more reliant on service labor and uses environmentally harmful material inputs less intensively. If quality improvements are incompletely measured, the shift to quality-led growth will appear in data as a growth slowdown. The chapter uses aggregate and micro data to discipline the model and finds that it fits cross-sectional and time-series patterns of the US economy. The calibrated model shows that innovation subsidies can accelerate the transition to quality-led growth and prevent excessive environmental damages.In the third chapter of my dissertation, I study whether the need to manage uninsured risk influences the destination choice of migrants in low-income settings. I develop a parsimonious model of migration as a risk management strategy. Risk-averse households have an incentive to migrate between origin-destination pairs whose economic shocks have low covariance, because these location pairs are better hedges for one another. Under common preference specifications, the model generates a risk-augmented gravity equation that I estimate using migration data from the Philippines. Empirical results confirm that migration is substantially higher between origin-destination pairs with low covariance of shocks.
일반주제명  
Home economics
키워드  
Economic development
키워드  
Growth
키워드  
Macroeconomics
키워드  
Structural transformation
키워드  
Consumer services
기타저자  
Yale University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aSchwartzman,  Matthew.
■24510▼aWorker  and  Consumer  Choice  in  the  Process  of  Structural  Transformation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a183  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Peters,  Michael;Zilibotti,  Fabrizio.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aEconomic  development  encompasses  more  than  just  growth  of  average  productivity  and  income  per  capita.  Growth  cannot  occur  without  a  broader  process  of  structural  transformation  that  reallocates  economic  activity  across  production  units,  sectors,  and  locations.  This  reallocation  depends  on  workers'  choices  of  where  and  how  to  supply  their  labor  and  consumers'  choices  of  what  to  consume.  The  three  chapters  of  my  dissertation  examine  different  forces  that  influence  worker  and  consumer  choices  -  such  as  labor  market  frictions,  market  access  costs,  uninsurable  risk,  and  technological  spillovers  -  and  these  choices'  implications  for  the  aggregate  path  of  the  economy.Services  are  the  largest  employment  sector  in  the  world,  and  recent  studies  show  that  it  is  a  significant  source  of  productivity  growth  in  developing  countries.  But  little  is  understood  about  how  the  service  sector  can  generate  this  growth,  especially  in  low-income  settings,  where  it  primarily  consists  of  basic  consumer  services  like  retail  and  food  service.  The  first  chapter  of  my  dissertation  argues  that  the  key  driver  of  service-led  growth  in  developing  countries  is  the  service  transformation:  the  ongoing  process  of  modern  service  firms  like  supermarkets  and  restaurants  replacing  traditional  micro-entrepreneurs  like  street  vendors  and  food  hawkers.  I  use  micro-data  to  show  that  this  process  reflects  two  underlying  forces:  workers  moving  out  of  subsistence  employment  in  traditional  services  to  more  productive  modern  jobs,  and  consumers  increasing  their  relative  demand  for  modern  services  as  they  get  richer.  I  build  these  two  forces  into  a  general  equilibrium  model  of  the  service  sector.  The  model  micro-founds  income  effects  on  consumer  demand  with  fixed  shopping  costs  to  access  modern  services.  It  also  features  search  frictions  for  wage  work  in  the  labor  market,  which  micro-found  the  marginal  productivity  gap  between  modern  and  traditional  services.  Together,  these  features  imply  that  small  improvements  in  the  technology  used  by  modern  service  firms  set  off  a  cycle  of  amplified  productivity  growth.  As  workers  transition  to  the  modern  sector,  they  increase  aggregate  income  and  redirect  demand  to  modern  services,  which  pulls  in  more  workers  and  generates  further  growth.  A  significant  portion  of  this  growth  comes  from  reallocation  of  workers  to  more  productive  jobs,  rather  than  mechanical  growth  from  making  workers  more  productive  in  the  jobs  they  already  hold.I  estimate  the  model  with  Brazilian  micro-data  on  consumer  service  expenditures,  worker  earning  and  employment  dynamics,  and  the  local  allocation  of  service  employment  and  income.  I  validate  the  estimated  model  by  testing  it  against  a  number  of  untargeted  moments,  including  a  natural  experiment  from  Brazil's  trade  liberalization.  Counterfactual  simulations  of  the  estimated  model  show  that  the  main  catalyst  of  Brazilian  service  transformation  from  2000  to  2010  was  improving  technology  in  the  modern  service  sector.  Demand  effects  amplified  this  transformation  by  a  factor  of  1.22.  The  resulting  transformation  generated  service-led  productivity  growth.  Over  half  of  this  growth  was  reallocation  gains  from  shifting  service  workers  into  the  more  productive  modern  sector.The  second  chapter  of  my  dissertation  assesses  environmental  arguments  against  growth  in  light  of  ongoing  structural  transformation,  recognizing  that  growth  is  not  simply  a  scale-up  of  production,  but  a  change  in  what  is  produced.  With  coauthors,  I  build  a  model  with  non-homothetic  preferences  and  innovation  that  can  be  directed  towards  reducing  the  cost  of  material  production  or  improving  the  quality  of  final  goods.  As  real  income  grows,  consumers  demand  higher-quality  goods,  and  innovation  shifts  towards  increasing  the  quality  rather  than  the  quantity  of  consumer  goods.  Higher  quality  is  associated  with  a  higher  service  input,  so  that  over  time  the  economy  becomes  more  reliant  on  service  labor  and  uses  environmentally  harmful  material  inputs  less  intensively.  If  quality  improvements  are  incompletely  measured,  the  shift  to  quality-led  growth  will  appear  in  data  as  a  growth  slowdown.  The  chapter  uses  aggregate  and  micro  data  to  discipline  the  model  and  finds  that  it  fits  cross-sectional  and  time-series  patterns  of  the  US  economy.  The  calibrated  model  shows  that  innovation  subsidies  can  accelerate  the  transition  to  quality-led  growth  and  prevent  excessive  environmental  damages.In  the  third  chapter  of  my  dissertation,  I  study  whether  the  need  to  manage  uninsured  risk  influences  the  destination  choice  of  migrants  in  low-income  settings.  I  develop  a  parsimonious  model  of  migration  as  a  risk  management  strategy.  Risk-averse  households  have  an  incentive  to  migrate  between  origin-destination  pairs  whose  economic  shocks  have  low  covariance,  because  these  location  pairs  are  better  hedges  for  one  another.  Under  common  preference  specifications,  the  model  generates  a  risk-augmented  gravity  equation  that  I  estimate  using  migration  data  from  the  Philippines.  Empirical  results  confirm  that  migration  is  substantially  higher  between  origin-destination  pairs  with  low  covariance  of  shocks.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aHome  economics
■653    ▼aEconomic  development
■653    ▼aGrowth
■653    ▼aMacroeconomics
■653    ▼aStructural  transformation
■653    ▼aConsumer  services
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0386
■71020▼aYale  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356778▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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