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AAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease
AAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease
AAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103659
ISBN  
9798314892893
DDC  
616
저자명  
Queen, Nicholas Jonathan.
서명/저자  
AAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
224 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Cao, Lei.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Gene therapy refers to the use of genetic material to treat disease through gene addition, gene correction/alteration, or gene knockdown. The goal of the technique is to address the root causes of disease rather than symptoms alone. Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range of diseases, including many genetic disorders and certain types of cancer.Gene therapy was first conceptualized in the 1970s and 1980s following advances in our knowledge of genetic material. The first clinical trials were rightly met with skepticism due to lack of concern for patient safety and regulatory bodies. Ultimately, the first attempts came too soon and resulted in various adverse events and widely publicized patient deaths. The field slowed in the 1990s and early 2000s as we began to understand the basic science of gene therapy vectors and expand a so-called "toolkit" of vectors to increase safety and efficacy. Subsequent clinical trials proved more promising and resulted in the approval of the first gene therapies. Currently, gene therapy remains a clinical reality, though more work is needed to expand the number of therapeutics and indications. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are one tool within the gene therapy toolkit. AAVs are thought to be relatively safe for gene transfer due to their largely non-integrative nature and tendency to trigger mild immunogenic responses. Certain challenges remain in the field to maximize the utility of AAVs as vectors, including the need for cell-specific targeting, appropriate levels of the therapeutic construct, and the ability to evade immunogenic responses. The development of recombinant AAVs (rAAVs) through engineering of the transgene cassette and viral capsid can address many of these concerns, as both can dictate cellular transduction, transgene expression levels, and immune responses. Other areas of optimization include the use of different administration routes and dosing schedules. The combination of all the above will be essential to target the proper cells with the proper therapeutic dose. Our group has spent the past several years developing AAV platforms for use in various models of metabolic disease. Here, we will present two vignettes. The first will focus on the safety and efficacy of a hypothalamically-directed AAV-BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) therapeutic for metabolic and behavioral outcomes in a preclinical model of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). BDNF has known roles in metabolic and behavioral function. Furthermore, PWS patients exhibit reduced levels of hypothalamic BDNF and its receptor, suggesting that it might be a viable target to ameliorate certain disease aspects. Here, we provide evidence that AAV-BDNF improves metabolic and behavioral function in the Magel2-null mouse model of PWS. To facilitate clinical translation, our BDNF vector included an autoregulatory element allowing for transgene titration in response to the host's physiological needs. Metabolic improvements were maintained through 23 weeks with no adverse behavioral effects, indicating high levels of efficacy and safety.The second vignette will focus on the development and application of an adipose-directed AAV platform. Native AAV serotypes remain limited in their capacity to specifically target adipose tissue because they tend to transduce multiple tissue types. As such, we combined two recombinant AAV elements to optimize adipose specificity. Previous work generated the recombinant serotype Rec2, which has increased adipose tropism yet still has the potential for off-target liver transduction. To counter this, we combined a dual-expression cassette-with regulatory elements that minimize transgene expression in the liver-with the Rec2 serotype. In a proof-of-concept study, we applied this combined AAV platform to selectively overexpress fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-a peptide hormone that serves as a potent effector of energy homeostasis-in the visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, a single, low-dose intraperitoneal injection of Rec2-FGF21 resulted in sustained benefits including improved insulin sensitivity, glycemic processing, and systemic metabolic function. Furthermore, the treatment reduced whole-body adiposity, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipose tissue macrophage inflammation. Together, both projects highlight the promise of AAV vectors for therapeutic use. Continued focus on the development and administration methods of AAV vectors will allow us to find the lowest efficacious dose, improve vector utility, and importantly, maximize safety and efficacy within patient populations.
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Endocrinology
일반주제명  
Neurobiology
일반주제명  
Pathology
일반주제명  
Therapy
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Gene therapy
키워드  
AAV
키워드  
Adeno-associated virus
키워드  
Prader-Willi syndrome
키워드  
BDNF
키워드  
Genetic disorders
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Biomedical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aQueen,  Nicholas  Jonathan.
■24510▼aAAV  Gene  Therapy  Applications  for  Prader-Willi  Syndrome  and  Metabolic  Disease
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a224  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Cao,  Lei.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2023.
■520    ▼aGene  therapy  refers  to  the  use  of  genetic  material  to  treat  disease  through  gene  addition,  gene  correction/alteration,  or  gene  knockdown.  The  goal  of  the  technique  is  to  address  the  root  causes  of  disease  rather  than  symptoms  alone.  Gene  therapy  holds  promise  for  treating  a  wide  range  of  diseases,  including  many  genetic  disorders  and  certain  types  of  cancer.Gene  therapy  was  first  conceptualized  in  the  1970s  and  1980s  following  advances  in  our  knowledge  of  genetic  material.  The  first  clinical  trials  were  rightly  met  with  skepticism  due  to  lack  of  concern  for  patient  safety  and  regulatory  bodies.  Ultimately,  the  first  attempts  came  too  soon  and  resulted  in  various  adverse  events  and  widely  publicized  patient  deaths.  The  field  slowed  in  the  1990s  and  early  2000s  as  we  began  to  understand  the  basic  science  of  gene  therapy  vectors  and  expand  a  so-called  "toolkit"  of  vectors  to  increase  safety  and  efficacy.  Subsequent  clinical  trials  proved  more  promising  and  resulted  in  the  approval  of  the  first  gene  therapies.  Currently,  gene  therapy  remains  a  clinical  reality,  though  more  work  is  needed  to  expand  the  number  of  therapeutics  and  indications. Adeno-associated  viral  (AAV)  vectors  are  one  tool  within  the  gene  therapy  toolkit.  AAVs  are  thought  to  be  relatively  safe  for  gene  transfer  due  to  their  largely  non-integrative  nature  and  tendency  to  trigger  mild  immunogenic  responses.  Certain  challenges  remain  in  the  field  to  maximize  the  utility  of  AAVs  as  vectors,  including  the  need  for  cell-specific  targeting,  appropriate levels  of  the  therapeutic  construct,  and  the  ability  to  evade  immunogenic  responses.  The  development  of  recombinant  AAVs  (rAAVs)  through  engineering  of  the  transgene  cassette  and  viral  capsid  can  address  many  of  these  concerns,  as  both  can  dictate  cellular  transduction,  transgene  expression  levels,  and  immune  responses.  Other  areas  of  optimization  include  the  use  of  different  administration  routes  and  dosing  schedules.  The  combination  of  all  the  above  will  be  essential  to  target  the  proper  cells  with  the  proper  therapeutic  dose. Our  group  has  spent  the  past  several  years  developing  AAV  platforms  for  use  in  various  models  of  metabolic  disease.  Here,  we  will  present  two  vignettes.  The  first  will  focus  on  the  safety  and  efficacy  of  a  hypothalamically-directed  AAV-BDNF  (brain-derived  neurotrophic  factor)  therapeutic  for  metabolic  and  behavioral  outcomes  in  a  preclinical  model  of  Prader-Willi  syndrome  (PWS).  BDNF  has  known  roles  in  metabolic  and  behavioral  function.  Furthermore,  PWS  patients  exhibit  reduced  levels  of  hypothalamic  BDNF  and  its  receptor,  suggesting  that  it  might  be  a  viable  target  to  ameliorate  certain  disease  aspects.  Here,  we  provide  evidence  that  AAV-BDNF  improves  metabolic  and  behavioral  function  in  the  Magel2-null  mouse  model  of  PWS.  To  facilitate  clinical  translation,  our  BDNF  vector  included  an  autoregulatory  element  allowing  for  transgene  titration  in  response  to  the  host's  physiological  needs.  Metabolic  improvements  were  maintained  through  23  weeks  with  no  adverse  behavioral  effects,  indicating  high  levels  of  efficacy  and  safety.The  second  vignette  will  focus  on  the  development  and  application  of  an  adipose-directed  AAV  platform.  Native  AAV  serotypes  remain  limited  in  their  capacity  to  specifically  target  adipose  tissue  because  they  tend  to  transduce  multiple  tissue  types.  As  such,  we  combined  two  recombinant  AAV  elements  to  optimize  adipose  specificity.  Previous  work  generated  the  recombinant  serotype  Rec2,  which  has  increased  adipose  tropism  yet  still  has  the  potential  for  off-target  liver  transduction.  To  counter  this,  we  combined  a  dual-expression  cassette-with  regulatory  elements  that  minimize  transgene  expression  in  the  liver-with  the  Rec2  serotype.  In  a  proof-of-concept  study,  we  applied  this  combined  AAV  platform  to  selectively  overexpress  fibroblast  growth  factor  21  (FGF21)-a  peptide  hormone  that  serves  as  a  potent  effector  of  energy  homeostasis-in  the  visceral  adipose  tissue  of  insulin-resistant  BTBR  T+Itpr3tf/J  (BTBR)  mice.  Under  high-fat  diet  conditions,  a  single,  low-dose  intraperitoneal  injection  of  Rec2-FGF21  resulted  in  sustained  benefits  including  improved  insulin  sensitivity,  glycemic  processing,  and  systemic  metabolic  function.  Furthermore,  the  treatment  reduced  whole-body  adiposity,  hepatic  steatosis,  inflammatory  cytokines,  and  adipose  tissue  macrophage  inflammation. Together,  both  projects  highlight  the  promise  of  AAV  vectors  for  therapeutic  use.  Continued  focus  on  the  development  and  administration  methods  of  AAV  vectors  will  allow  us  to  find  the  lowest  efficacious  dose,  improve  vector  utility,  and  importantly,  maximize  safety  and  efficacy  within  patient  populations.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aEndocrinology
■650  4▼aNeurobiology
■650  4▼aPathology
■650  4▼aTherapy
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aGene  therapy
■653    ▼aAAV  
■653    ▼aAdeno-associated  virus
■653    ▼aPrader-Willi  syndrome
■653    ▼aBDNF  
■653    ▼aGenetic  disorders
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0409
■690    ▼a0212
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0571
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bBiomedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11A.
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358208▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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