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AAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease
AAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103659
- ISBN
- 9798314892893
- DDC
- 616
- 서명/저자
- AAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2023
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
- 형태사항
- 224 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Cao, Lei.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2023.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Gene therapy refers to the use of genetic material to treat disease through gene addition, gene correction/alteration, or gene knockdown. The goal of the technique is to address the root causes of disease rather than symptoms alone. Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range of diseases, including many genetic disorders and certain types of cancer.Gene therapy was first conceptualized in the 1970s and 1980s following advances in our knowledge of genetic material. The first clinical trials were rightly met with skepticism due to lack of concern for patient safety and regulatory bodies. Ultimately, the first attempts came too soon and resulted in various adverse events and widely publicized patient deaths. The field slowed in the 1990s and early 2000s as we began to understand the basic science of gene therapy vectors and expand a so-called "toolkit" of vectors to increase safety and efficacy. Subsequent clinical trials proved more promising and resulted in the approval of the first gene therapies. Currently, gene therapy remains a clinical reality, though more work is needed to expand the number of therapeutics and indications. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are one tool within the gene therapy toolkit. AAVs are thought to be relatively safe for gene transfer due to their largely non-integrative nature and tendency to trigger mild immunogenic responses. Certain challenges remain in the field to maximize the utility of AAVs as vectors, including the need for cell-specific targeting, appropriate levels of the therapeutic construct, and the ability to evade immunogenic responses. The development of recombinant AAVs (rAAVs) through engineering of the transgene cassette and viral capsid can address many of these concerns, as both can dictate cellular transduction, transgene expression levels, and immune responses. Other areas of optimization include the use of different administration routes and dosing schedules. The combination of all the above will be essential to target the proper cells with the proper therapeutic dose. Our group has spent the past several years developing AAV platforms for use in various models of metabolic disease. Here, we will present two vignettes. The first will focus on the safety and efficacy of a hypothalamically-directed AAV-BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) therapeutic for metabolic and behavioral outcomes in a preclinical model of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). BDNF has known roles in metabolic and behavioral function. Furthermore, PWS patients exhibit reduced levels of hypothalamic BDNF and its receptor, suggesting that it might be a viable target to ameliorate certain disease aspects. Here, we provide evidence that AAV-BDNF improves metabolic and behavioral function in the Magel2-null mouse model of PWS. To facilitate clinical translation, our BDNF vector included an autoregulatory element allowing for transgene titration in response to the host's physiological needs. Metabolic improvements were maintained through 23 weeks with no adverse behavioral effects, indicating high levels of efficacy and safety.The second vignette will focus on the development and application of an adipose-directed AAV platform. Native AAV serotypes remain limited in their capacity to specifically target adipose tissue because they tend to transduce multiple tissue types. As such, we combined two recombinant AAV elements to optimize adipose specificity. Previous work generated the recombinant serotype Rec2, which has increased adipose tropism yet still has the potential for off-target liver transduction. To counter this, we combined a dual-expression cassette-with regulatory elements that minimize transgene expression in the liver-with the Rec2 serotype. In a proof-of-concept study, we applied this combined AAV platform to selectively overexpress fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-a peptide hormone that serves as a potent effector of energy homeostasis-in the visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, a single, low-dose intraperitoneal injection of Rec2-FGF21 resulted in sustained benefits including improved insulin sensitivity, glycemic processing, and systemic metabolic function. Furthermore, the treatment reduced whole-body adiposity, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipose tissue macrophage inflammation. Together, both projects highlight the promise of AAV vectors for therapeutic use. Continued focus on the development and administration methods of AAV vectors will allow us to find the lowest efficacious dose, improve vector utility, and importantly, maximize safety and efficacy within patient populations.
- 일반주제명
- Neurosciences
- 일반주제명
- Endocrinology
- 일반주제명
- Neurobiology
- 일반주제명
- Pathology
- 일반주제명
- Therapy
- 일반주제명
- Genetics
- 키워드
- Gene therapy
- 키워드
- AAV
- 키워드
- BDNF
- 기타저자
- The Ohio State University Biomedical Sciences
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11A.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■1001 ▼aQueen, Nicholas Jonathan.
■24510▼aAAV Gene Therapy Applications for Prader-Willi Syndrome and Metabolic Disease
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe Ohio State University▼c2023
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2023
■300 ▼a224 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Cao, Lei.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2023.
■520 ▼aGene therapy refers to the use of genetic material to treat disease through gene addition, gene correction/alteration, or gene knockdown. The goal of the technique is to address the root causes of disease rather than symptoms alone. Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range of diseases, including many genetic disorders and certain types of cancer.Gene therapy was first conceptualized in the 1970s and 1980s following advances in our knowledge of genetic material. The first clinical trials were rightly met with skepticism due to lack of concern for patient safety and regulatory bodies. Ultimately, the first attempts came too soon and resulted in various adverse events and widely publicized patient deaths. The field slowed in the 1990s and early 2000s as we began to understand the basic science of gene therapy vectors and expand a so-called "toolkit" of vectors to increase safety and efficacy. Subsequent clinical trials proved more promising and resulted in the approval of the first gene therapies. Currently, gene therapy remains a clinical reality, though more work is needed to expand the number of therapeutics and indications. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are one tool within the gene therapy toolkit. AAVs are thought to be relatively safe for gene transfer due to their largely non-integrative nature and tendency to trigger mild immunogenic responses. Certain challenges remain in the field to maximize the utility of AAVs as vectors, including the need for cell-specific targeting, appropriate levels of the therapeutic construct, and the ability to evade immunogenic responses. The development of recombinant AAVs (rAAVs) through engineering of the transgene cassette and viral capsid can address many of these concerns, as both can dictate cellular transduction, transgene expression levels, and immune responses. Other areas of optimization include the use of different administration routes and dosing schedules. The combination of all the above will be essential to target the proper cells with the proper therapeutic dose. Our group has spent the past several years developing AAV platforms for use in various models of metabolic disease. Here, we will present two vignettes. The first will focus on the safety and efficacy of a hypothalamically-directed AAV-BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) therapeutic for metabolic and behavioral outcomes in a preclinical model of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). BDNF has known roles in metabolic and behavioral function. Furthermore, PWS patients exhibit reduced levels of hypothalamic BDNF and its receptor, suggesting that it might be a viable target to ameliorate certain disease aspects. Here, we provide evidence that AAV-BDNF improves metabolic and behavioral function in the Magel2-null mouse model of PWS. To facilitate clinical translation, our BDNF vector included an autoregulatory element allowing for transgene titration in response to the host's physiological needs. Metabolic improvements were maintained through 23 weeks with no adverse behavioral effects, indicating high levels of efficacy and safety.The second vignette will focus on the development and application of an adipose-directed AAV platform. Native AAV serotypes remain limited in their capacity to specifically target adipose tissue because they tend to transduce multiple tissue types. As such, we combined two recombinant AAV elements to optimize adipose specificity. Previous work generated the recombinant serotype Rec2, which has increased adipose tropism yet still has the potential for off-target liver transduction. To counter this, we combined a dual-expression cassette-with regulatory elements that minimize transgene expression in the liver-with the Rec2 serotype. In a proof-of-concept study, we applied this combined AAV platform to selectively overexpress fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)-a peptide hormone that serves as a potent effector of energy homeostasis-in the visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, a single, low-dose intraperitoneal injection of Rec2-FGF21 resulted in sustained benefits including improved insulin sensitivity, glycemic processing, and systemic metabolic function. Furthermore, the treatment reduced whole-body adiposity, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipose tissue macrophage inflammation. Together, both projects highlight the promise of AAV vectors for therapeutic use. Continued focus on the development and administration methods of AAV vectors will allow us to find the lowest efficacious dose, improve vector utility, and importantly, maximize safety and efficacy within patient populations.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0168.
■650 4▼aNeurosciences
■650 4▼aEndocrinology
■650 4▼aNeurobiology
■650 4▼aPathology
■650 4▼aTherapy
■650 4▼aGenetics
■653 ▼aGene therapy
■653 ▼aAAV
■653 ▼aAdeno-associated virus
■653 ▼aPrader-Willi syndrome
■653 ▼aBDNF
■653 ▼aGenetic disorders
■690 ▼a0317
■690 ▼a0409
■690 ▼a0212
■690 ▼a0369
■690 ▼a0571
■71020▼aThe Ohio State University▼bBiomedical Sciences.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-11A.
■790 ▼a0168
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2023
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358208▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


