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Essays on the Economics of Education, Language and Identity
Essays on the Economics of Education, Language and Identity
Essays on the Economics of Education, Language and Identity

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103036
ISBN  
9798280756861
DDC  
370
저자명  
Darova, Ornella.
서명/저자  
Essays on the Economics of Education, Language and Identity
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
155 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Todd, Petra E.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation comprises three independent chapters investigating the economic dimensions of language, education, and social interactions in multilingual and diverse contexts. Each chapter employs different empirical methodologies - respectively, structural methods, reduced-form tools, and experimental approaches - to analyze policy interventions and their impacts on human capital formation, educational outcomes, and social dynamics.The first chapter, "Language, Bullying, and Learning: School Choice in Multilingual Contexts," evaluates the effects of specialized educational programs for linguistic minorities, focusing on bilingual indigenous schools in Mexico, on academic performance in math and Spanish and on bullying. These schools aim to provide instruction in native languages and create safe spaces for minorities who often face discrimination; however, they encounter significant implementation challenges. I develop and estimate a structural model of parents choosing primary schools for their children that incorporates bullying as a key social interaction depending on the school ethnic composition and heterogeneous human capital formation technologies. I find that bullying consistently negatively impacts academic performance (by 0.15-0.38 standard deviations) and that increasing the proportion of indigenous students in a school from 0% to 100% reduces bullying for indigenous students by 7.3 percentage points, without affecting non-indigenous students. However, I find that teachers in indigenous schools are on average less effective than teachers in regular schools in promoting academic achievement. Their effectiveness is mediated by their indigenous language proficiency. Parental school choice is influenced both by academic aspirations and bullying concerns. I use the estimated model to evaluate counterfactual policies. Enhancing resources in indigenous schools improves academic scores and reduces bullying by encouraging student shifts from regular to indigenous schools. Policies targeting ethnic-based bullying improve academic performance directly and indirectly by fostering a conducive learning environment and encouraging students to choose more productive regular schools. Eliminating indigenous schools enhance academic achievement and reduce bullying for indigenous students attending regular schools, thanks to the influx of indigenous peers. Therefore, indigenous schools need additional resources to address minorities' education needs; otherwise, they risk being counterproductive.Chapter 2, "Global Language, Local Identity: English Education and Indigenous Skill Formation in Mexico," examines the effects of English instruction on indigenous children in public primary schools. As countries expand English instruction to promote global economic integration, policymakers often worry that this may weaken indigenous languages and cultural heritage. This paper examines this concern through a natural experiment in Mexico, where six states introduced English programs in public primary schools during the 1990s. Using a staggered difference-in-differences design and data from Mexico's School and Population Censuses, the study documents how English instruction unexpectedly strengthened indigenous language abilities. Exposure to English increased the likelihood of understanding an indigenous language by 3.5 percentage points and speaking it by 3 percentage points-substantial effects given the low baseline rates of 2.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The introduction of a global language appears to have encouraged students to reflect on and reaffirm their cultural identities: a 5 percentage point increase is found in Indigenous self-identification, accompanied by significantly greater geographic mobility. These results suggest that multilingual education can simultaneously promote economic integration and reinforce cultural distinctiveness.Chapter 3, "Diversity in Teams: Collaboration and Performance in Experiments with Different Tasks," examines the impact of demographic diversity on team performance. The effect of diversity is often considered to be a double-edged sword: more diverse teams benefit from increased creativity and knowledge sharing, but also face higher communication and coordination costs. This paper clearly distinguishes between two key aspects of team dynamics: performance and collaboration quality. The analysis tests this conventional view by utilizing an experimental setting within a large undergraduate class, where students are randomly assigned to small homework groups with varying levels of diversity in terms of race, gender, and place of birth. It is found that more diverse groups perform better on creative and complex tasks, but worse on standard tasks, confirming the consensus that the positive impact of diversity on team performance is contingent upon creativity gains. The effect of team diversity on teamwork quality is then explored by constructing an index based on collaboration between members, balance of contributions, and the absence of conflicts. This more behavioral dimension is found to exhibit a U-shaped effect of diversity, regardless of the task type. This result suggests that faultlines-dividing lines that split a group into subgroups based on demographic characteristics-can lead to a breakdown in inter-subgroup cohesion, while very homogeneous or highly heterogeneous groups tend to collaborate more effectively.
일반주제명  
Education
키워드  
Policy interventions
키워드  
Academic performance
키워드  
Multilingual education
키워드  
Teamwork quality
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aDarova,  Ornella.
■24510▼aEssays  on  the  Economics  of  Education,  Language  and  Identity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a155  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Todd,  Petra  E.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  comprises  three  independent  chapters  investigating  the  economic  dimensions  of  language,  education,  and  social  interactions  in  multilingual  and  diverse  contexts.  Each  chapter  employs  different  empirical  methodologies  -  respectively,  structural  methods,  reduced-form  tools,  and  experimental  approaches  -  to  analyze  policy  interventions  and  their  impacts  on  human  capital  formation,  educational  outcomes,  and  social  dynamics.The  first  chapter,  "Language,  Bullying,  and  Learning:  School  Choice  in  Multilingual  Contexts,"  evaluates  the  effects  of  specialized  educational  programs  for  linguistic  minorities,  focusing  on  bilingual  indigenous  schools  in  Mexico,  on  academic  performance  in  math  and  Spanish  and  on  bullying.  These  schools  aim  to  provide  instruction  in  native  languages  and  create  safe  spaces  for  minorities  who  often  face  discrimination;  however,  they  encounter  significant  implementation  challenges.  I  develop  and  estimate  a  structural  model  of  parents  choosing  primary  schools  for  their  children  that  incorporates  bullying  as  a  key  social  interaction  depending  on  the  school  ethnic  composition  and  heterogeneous  human  capital  formation  technologies.  I  find  that  bullying  consistently  negatively  impacts  academic  performance  (by  0.15-0.38  standard  deviations)  and  that  increasing  the  proportion  of  indigenous  students  in  a  school  from  0%  to  100%  reduces  bullying  for  indigenous  students  by  7.3  percentage  points,  without  affecting  non-indigenous  students.  However,  I  find  that  teachers  in  indigenous  schools  are  on  average  less  effective  than  teachers  in  regular  schools  in  promoting  academic  achievement.  Their  effectiveness  is  mediated  by  their  indigenous  language  proficiency.  Parental  school  choice  is  influenced  both  by  academic  aspirations  and  bullying  concerns.  I  use  the  estimated  model  to  evaluate  counterfactual  policies.  Enhancing  resources  in  indigenous  schools  improves  academic  scores  and  reduces  bullying  by  encouraging  student  shifts  from  regular  to  indigenous  schools.  Policies  targeting  ethnic-based  bullying  improve  academic  performance  directly  and  indirectly  by  fostering  a  conducive  learning  environment  and  encouraging  students  to  choose  more  productive  regular  schools.  Eliminating  indigenous  schools  enhance  academic  achievement  and  reduce  bullying  for  indigenous  students  attending  regular  schools,  thanks  to  the  influx  of  indigenous  peers.  Therefore,  indigenous  schools  need  additional  resources  to  address  minorities'  education  needs;  otherwise,  they  risk  being  counterproductive.Chapter  2,  "Global  Language,  Local  Identity:  English  Education  and  Indigenous  Skill  Formation  in  Mexico,"  examines  the  effects  of  English  instruction  on  indigenous  children  in  public  primary  schools.  As  countries  expand  English  instruction  to  promote  global  economic  integration,  policymakers  often  worry  that  this  may  weaken  indigenous  languages  and  cultural  heritage.  This  paper  examines  this  concern  through  a  natural  experiment  in  Mexico,  where  six  states  introduced  English  programs  in  public  primary  schools  during  the  1990s.  Using  a  staggered  difference-in-differences  design  and  data  from  Mexico's  School  and  Population  Censuses,  the  study  documents  how  English  instruction  unexpectedly  strengthened  indigenous  language  abilities.  Exposure  to  English  increased  the  likelihood  of  understanding  an  indigenous  language  by  3.5  percentage  points  and  speaking  it  by  3  percentage  points-substantial  effects  given  the  low  baseline  rates  of  2.2%  and  1.4%,  respectively.  The  introduction  of  a  global  language  appears  to  have  encouraged  students  to  reflect  on  and  reaffirm  their  cultural  identities:  a  5  percentage  point  increase  is  found  in  Indigenous  self-identification,  accompanied  by  significantly  greater  geographic  mobility.  These  results  suggest  that  multilingual  education  can  simultaneously  promote  economic  integration  and  reinforce  cultural  distinctiveness.Chapter  3,  "Diversity  in  Teams:  Collaboration  and  Performance  in  Experiments  with  Different  Tasks,"  examines  the  impact  of  demographic  diversity  on  team  performance.  The  effect  of  diversity  is  often  considered  to  be  a  double-edged  sword:  more  diverse  teams  benefit  from  increased  creativity  and  knowledge  sharing,  but  also  face  higher  communication  and  coordination  costs.  This  paper  clearly  distinguishes  between  two  key  aspects  of  team  dynamics:  performance  and  collaboration  quality.  The  analysis  tests  this  conventional  view  by  utilizing  an  experimental  setting  within  a  large  undergraduate  class,  where  students  are  randomly  assigned  to  small  homework  groups  with  varying  levels  of  diversity  in  terms  of  race,  gender,  and  place  of  birth.  It  is  found  that  more  diverse  groups  perform  better  on  creative  and  complex  tasks,  but  worse  on  standard  tasks,  confirming  the  consensus  that  the  positive  impact  of  diversity  on  team  performance  is  contingent  upon  creativity  gains.  The  effect  of  team  diversity  on  teamwork  quality  is  then  explored  by  constructing  an  index  based  on  collaboration  between  members,  balance  of  contributions,  and  the  absence  of  conflicts.  This  more  behavioral  dimension  is  found  to  exhibit  a  U-shaped  effect  of  diversity,  regardless  of  the  task  type.  This  result  suggests  that  faultlines-dividing  lines  that  split  a  group  into  subgroups  based  on  demographic  characteristics-can  lead  to  a  breakdown  in  inter-subgroup  cohesion,  while  very  homogeneous  or  highly  heterogeneous  groups  tend  to  collaborate  more  effectively.
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■650  4▼aEducation
■653    ▼aPolicy  interventions
■653    ▼aAcademic  performance
■653    ▼aMultilingual  education
■653    ▼aTeamwork  quality
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■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0454
■690    ▼a0515
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12A.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356797▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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