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Shaping for Optical Direct-Detection Links
Shaping for Optical Direct-Detection Links
Shaping for Optical Direct-Detection Links

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103137
ISBN  
9798311963169
DDC  
621.3
저자명  
Liang, Ethan Mark.
서명/저자  
Shaping for Optical Direct-Detection Links
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
197 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kahn, Joseph.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약There is a clear and pressing need for energy-efficient modulation methods to enable the next generation of optical direct detection-based links. Geometric and probabilistic shaping are two classes of techniques that can improve receiver sensitivity and dispersion tolerance for these optical links. This dissertation advances the theory and practice of geometric shaping and probabilistic shaping for several types of direct detection receivers, including the standard direct detection receiver, the Stokes vector receiver, and the Kramers-Kronig receiver.Chapter 1 introduces the broad fields of communications and information theory before more narrowly focusing on direct detection methods in optical communications.Chapter 2 discusses intra-data center links, which are subject to transmission impairments that pose challenges for efficient scaling of per-wavelength data rates beyond 100 Gb/s. Limited electrical and optical component bandwidths, limited data converter resolution, and component nonlinearity induce significant signal-dependent distortion, degrading receiver sensitivity (RS) and chromatic dispersion tolerance. Chapter 2 presents a geometric shaping (GS) scheme that optimizes transmitted intensity levels based on symbol-error statistics observed at the receiver. The proposed GS scheme adjusts these levels to achieve substantially equal symbol-error probabilities at all decision thresholds. The scheme enables the levels most affected by signal-dependent distortion to be detected with the same reliability as other levels, thereby increasing the effectiveness of linear or nonlinear equalization techniques. This can be exploited to improve RS and extend transmission distance for a fixed equalization scheme or, alternatively, to reduce the complexity of signal processing needed to achieve a target RS or transmission distance. For example, in 200 Gb/s PAM links, GS and 21-tap linear equalization achieves RS and reach similar to uniform level spacing and Volterra nonlinear equalization with 21 linear and 3 second-order taps.Chapter 3 discusses shaping with continuous and discrete channel input distributions for the Stokes vector receiver (SVR). We use the high-rate continuous approximation (HCA) to derive tight analytical approximations to the optimal continuous input distribution at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The HCA analysis finds that an exponential distribution in the intensity (corresponding to the Stokes parameter S0) is the optimal continuous input distribution for thermal noise-limited and amplifier noise-limited SVRs, providing ultimate shaping gains of 1.056 dB and πe/6 ≈ 1.533 dB, respectively. We also perform numerical studies of discrete channel input distributions obtained using the Blahut-Arimoto method or by sampling analytically derived continuous distributions. We find that a sampled exponential distribution in the intensity provides 0.078 dB and 0.165 dB higher shaping gains than a sampled Gaussian distribution of the SV in the thermal noise-limited and amplifier noise-limited regimes, respectively. We also compare the performance of the SVR to that of a dual-polarization coherent receiver. We show that, owing to noise enhancement, the SVR incurs an SNR penalty of about 5.5 dB with respect to a coherent system that modulates three of the four available degrees of freedom.Chapter 4 presents a comprehensive overview of probabilistic shaping distributions for optical communications in the high-rate regime. Probabilistic shaping is widely employed in local oscillator-based coherent optical systems to improve receiver sensitivity and provide rate adaptation.
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798311963169
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31974659
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanfordvw573sb2840
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a621.3
■1001  ▼aLiang,  Ethan  Mark.
■24510▼aShaping  for  Optical  Direct-Detection  Links
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a197  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kahn,  Joseph.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThere  is  a  clear  and  pressing  need  for  energy-efficient  modulation  methods  to  enable  the  next  generation  of  optical  direct  detection-based  links.  Geometric  and  probabilistic  shaping  are  two  classes  of  techniques  that  can  improve  receiver  sensitivity  and  dispersion  tolerance  for  these  optical  links.  This  dissertation  advances  the  theory  and  practice  of  geometric  shaping  and  probabilistic  shaping  for  several  types  of  direct  detection  receivers,  including  the  standard  direct  detection  receiver,  the  Stokes  vector  receiver,  and  the  Kramers-Kronig  receiver.Chapter  1  introduces  the  broad  fields  of  communications  and  information  theory  before  more  narrowly  focusing  on  direct  detection  methods  in  optical  communications.Chapter  2  discusses  intra-data  center  links,  which  are  subject  to  transmission  impairments  that  pose  challenges  for  efficient  scaling  of  per-wavelength  data  rates  beyond  100  Gb/s.  Limited  electrical  and  optical  component  bandwidths,  limited  data  converter  resolution,  and  component  nonlinearity  induce  significant  signal-dependent  distortion,  degrading  receiver  sensitivity  (RS)  and  chromatic  dispersion  tolerance.  Chapter  2  presents  a  geometric  shaping  (GS)  scheme  that  optimizes  transmitted  intensity  levels  based  on  symbol-error  statistics  observed  at  the  receiver.  The  proposed  GS  scheme  adjusts  these  levels  to  achieve  substantially  equal  symbol-error  probabilities  at  all  decision  thresholds.  The  scheme  enables  the  levels  most  affected  by  signal-dependent  distortion  to  be  detected  with  the  same  reliability  as  other  levels,  thereby  increasing  the  effectiveness  of  linear  or  nonlinear  equalization  techniques.  This  can  be  exploited  to  improve  RS  and  extend  transmission  distance  for  a  fixed  equalization  scheme  or,  alternatively,  to  reduce  the  complexity  of  signal  processing  needed  to  achieve  a  target  RS  or  transmission  distance.  For  example,  in  200  Gb/s  PAM  links,  GS  and  21-tap  linear  equalization  achieves  RS  and  reach  similar  to  uniform  level  spacing  and  Volterra  nonlinear  equalization  with  21  linear  and  3  second-order  taps.Chapter  3  discusses  shaping  with  continuous  and  discrete  channel  input  distributions  for  the  Stokes  vector  receiver  (SVR).  We  use  the  high-rate  continuous  approximation  (HCA)  to  derive  tight  analytical  approximations  to  the  optimal  continuous  input  distribution  at  high  signal-to-noise  ratio  (SNR).  The  HCA  analysis  finds  that  an  exponential  distribution  in  the  intensity  (corresponding  to  the  Stokes  parameter  S0)  is  the  optimal  continuous  input  distribution  for  thermal  noise-limited  and  amplifier  noise-limited  SVRs,  providing  ultimate  shaping  gains  of  1.056  dB  and  πe/6  ≈  1.533  dB,  respectively.  We  also  perform  numerical  studies  of  discrete  channel  input  distributions  obtained  using  the  Blahut-Arimoto  method  or  by  sampling  analytically  derived  continuous  distributions.  We  find  that  a  sampled  exponential  distribution  in  the  intensity  provides  0.078  dB  and  0.165  dB  higher  shaping  gains  than  a  sampled  Gaussian  distribution  of  the  SV  in  the  thermal  noise-limited  and  amplifier  noise-limited  regimes,  respectively.  We  also  compare  the  performance  of  the  SVR  to  that  of  a  dual-polarization  coherent  receiver.  We  show  that,  owing  to  noise  enhancement,  the  SVR  incurs  an  SNR  penalty  of  about  5.5  dB  with  respect  to  a  coherent  system  that  modulates  three  of  the  four  available  degrees  of  freedom.Chapter  4  presents  a  comprehensive  overview  of  probabilistic  shaping  distributions  for  optical  communications  in  the  high-rate  regime.  Probabilistic  shaping  is  widely  employed  in  local  oscillator-based  coherent  optical  systems  to  improve  receiver  sensitivity  and  provide  rate  adaptation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■690    ▼a0544
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357141▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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