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Identifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Identifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104759
- ISBN
- 9798290938981
- DDC
- 614.4
- 저자명
- Adams, Matthew.
- 서명/저자
- Identifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 162 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Takala Harrison, Shannon.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Malaria remains a leading cause of illness and death worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, which bears the majority of malaria-related morbidity and mortality. While first-generation malaria vaccines represent a significant advance, their modest and time-limited efficacy underscores the need for improved vaccine strategies. Progress is impeded by the complex immunological landscape governing protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease, as well as the parasite's extensive antigenic diversity which has evolved to evade host immunity through antigenic escape. In this study, I applied high-throughput serological profiling to identify correlates of protection following whole-organism vaccination and implemented temporally informed population genetic analyses to detect immune-driven antigenic escape. Proteome-wide IgG reactivity (3.9 million 16-mers) was measured using sera collected before and after PfSPZ vaccination from individuals later challenged by controlled human malaria infection. Although vaccination induced broad serological responses across more than 4,000 proteins, few peptide-level responses were associated with protection. Most differentially reactive peptides were elevated in unprotected individuals both before and after vaccination. Pre-vaccination differences may reflect preexisting cross-reactive antibodies. After vaccination, protection-associated targets were enriched for membrane-localized proteins, while peptides elevated in unprotected individuals were linked to nuclear processes. These findings suggest that linear peptide reactivity alone may be insufficient to define correlates of protection and that additional immune mechanisms are likely to contribute.To investigate antigenic escape, I analyzed whole-genome sequence data from clinical isolates collected over 15 years from symptomatic infections in southern Malawi. Using Tajima's D and Hudson's FST across sliding genomic windows, I identified 21 genes showing consistent signals of balancing selection and temporal allele frequency shifts. One identified gene, PF3D7_0710200, encoding a conserved protein of unknown function, underwent further analysis using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning to identify key amino acid residues and haplotype clusters. Random forest analysis identified nine informative amino acid residues that delineated four major haplotypes that remained stable over time, with three accounting for over 90% of circulating diversity. These findings support the integration of immunological and evolutionary approaches to inform vaccine design and identify promising targets for broadly protective malaria vaccines.
- 일반주제명
- Epidemiology
- 일반주제명
- Biostatistics
- 일반주제명
- Bioinformatics
- 일반주제명
- Public health
- 일반주제명
- Immunology
- 키워드
- Malaria
- 키워드
- Immunity
- 키워드
- Malaria vaccines
- 기타저자
- University of Maryland, Baltimore Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202104759
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798290938981
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32164212
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a614.4
■1001 ▼aAdams, Matthew.
■24510▼aIdentifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a162 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Takala Harrison, Shannon.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2025.
■520 ▼aMalaria remains a leading cause of illness and death worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, which bears the majority of malaria-related morbidity and mortality. While first-generation malaria vaccines represent a significant advance, their modest and time-limited efficacy underscores the need for improved vaccine strategies. Progress is impeded by the complex immunological landscape governing protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease, as well as the parasite's extensive antigenic diversity which has evolved to evade host immunity through antigenic escape. In this study, I applied high-throughput serological profiling to identify correlates of protection following whole-organism vaccination and implemented temporally informed population genetic analyses to detect immune-driven antigenic escape. Proteome-wide IgG reactivity (3.9 million 16-mers) was measured using sera collected before and after PfSPZ vaccination from individuals later challenged by controlled human malaria infection. Although vaccination induced broad serological responses across more than 4,000 proteins, few peptide-level responses were associated with protection. Most differentially reactive peptides were elevated in unprotected individuals both before and after vaccination. Pre-vaccination differences may reflect preexisting cross-reactive antibodies. After vaccination, protection-associated targets were enriched for membrane-localized proteins, while peptides elevated in unprotected individuals were linked to nuclear processes. These findings suggest that linear peptide reactivity alone may be insufficient to define correlates of protection and that additional immune mechanisms are likely to contribute.To investigate antigenic escape, I analyzed whole-genome sequence data from clinical isolates collected over 15 years from symptomatic infections in southern Malawi. Using Tajima's D and Hudson's FST across sliding genomic windows, I identified 21 genes showing consistent signals of balancing selection and temporal allele frequency shifts. One identified gene, PF3D7_0710200, encoding a conserved protein of unknown function, underwent further analysis using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning to identify key amino acid residues and haplotype clusters. Random forest analysis identified nine informative amino acid residues that delineated four major haplotypes that remained stable over time, with three accounting for over 90% of circulating diversity. These findings support the integration of immunological and evolutionary approaches to inform vaccine design and identify promising targets for broadly protective malaria vaccines.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0373.
■650 4▼aEpidemiology
■650 4▼aBiostatistics
■650 4▼aBioinformatics
■650 4▼aPublic health
■650 4▼aImmunology
■653 ▼aPlasmodium falciparum
■653 ▼aMalaria
■653 ▼aImmunity
■653 ▼aMalaria vaccines
■690 ▼a0766
■690 ▼a0308
■690 ▼a0715
■690 ▼a0982
■690 ▼a0573
■71020▼aUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore▼bEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0373
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358838▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


