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Identifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Identifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparu...
Identifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104759
ISBN  
9798290938981
DDC  
614.4
저자명  
Adams, Matthew.
서명/저자  
Identifying Correlates of Protective Immunity and Antigenic Escape in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
162 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Takala Harrison, Shannon.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Maryland, Baltimore, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Malaria remains a leading cause of illness and death worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, which bears the majority of malaria-related morbidity and mortality. While first-generation malaria vaccines represent a significant advance, their modest and time-limited efficacy underscores the need for improved vaccine strategies. Progress is impeded by the complex immunological landscape governing protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease, as well as the parasite's extensive antigenic diversity which has evolved to evade host immunity through antigenic escape. In this study, I applied high-throughput serological profiling to identify correlates of protection following whole-organism vaccination and implemented temporally informed population genetic analyses to detect immune-driven antigenic escape. Proteome-wide IgG reactivity (3.9 million 16-mers) was measured using sera collected before and after PfSPZ vaccination from individuals later challenged by controlled human malaria infection. Although vaccination induced broad serological responses across more than 4,000 proteins, few peptide-level responses were associated with protection. Most differentially reactive peptides were elevated in unprotected individuals both before and after vaccination. Pre-vaccination differences may reflect preexisting cross-reactive antibodies. After vaccination, protection-associated targets were enriched for membrane-localized proteins, while peptides elevated in unprotected individuals were linked to nuclear processes. These findings suggest that linear peptide reactivity alone may be insufficient to define correlates of protection and that additional immune mechanisms are likely to contribute.To investigate antigenic escape, I analyzed whole-genome sequence data from clinical isolates collected over 15 years from symptomatic infections in southern Malawi. Using Tajima's D and Hudson's FST across sliding genomic windows, I identified 21 genes showing consistent signals of balancing selection and temporal allele frequency shifts. One identified gene, PF3D7_0710200, encoding a conserved protein of unknown function, underwent further analysis using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning to identify key amino acid residues and haplotype clusters. Random forest analysis identified nine informative amino acid residues that delineated four major haplotypes that remained stable over time, with three accounting for over 90% of circulating diversity. These findings support the integration of immunological and evolutionary approaches to inform vaccine design and identify promising targets for broadly protective malaria vaccines.
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Biostatistics
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Immunology
키워드  
Plasmodium falciparum
키워드  
Malaria
키워드  
Immunity
키워드  
Malaria vaccines
기타저자  
University of Maryland, Baltimore Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aAdams,  Matthew.
■24510▼aIdentifying  Correlates  of  Protective  Immunity  and  Antigenic  Escape  in  Plasmodium  falciparum  Malaria
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Maryland,  Baltimore▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a162  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Takala  Harrison,  Shannon.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Maryland,  Baltimore,  2025.
■520    ▼aMalaria  remains  a  leading  cause  of  illness  and  death  worldwide,  particularly  in  sub-Saharan  Africa,  which  bears  the  majority  of  malaria-related  morbidity  and  mortality.  While  first-generation  malaria  vaccines  represent  a  significant  advance,  their  modest  and  time-limited  efficacy  underscores  the  need  for  improved  vaccine  strategies.  Progress  is  impeded  by  the  complex  immunological  landscape  governing  protection  against  Plasmodium  falciparum  infection  and  disease,  as  well  as  the  parasite's  extensive  antigenic  diversity  which  has  evolved  to  evade  host  immunity  through  antigenic  escape.  In  this  study,  I  applied  high-throughput  serological  profiling  to  identify  correlates  of  protection  following  whole-organism  vaccination  and  implemented  temporally  informed  population  genetic  analyses  to  detect  immune-driven  antigenic  escape.  Proteome-wide  IgG  reactivity  (3.9  million  16-mers)  was  measured  using  sera  collected  before  and  after  PfSPZ  vaccination  from  individuals  later  challenged  by  controlled  human  malaria  infection.  Although  vaccination  induced  broad  serological  responses  across  more  than  4,000  proteins,  few  peptide-level  responses  were  associated  with  protection.  Most  differentially  reactive  peptides  were  elevated  in  unprotected  individuals  both  before  and  after  vaccination.  Pre-vaccination  differences  may  reflect  preexisting  cross-reactive  antibodies.  After  vaccination,  protection-associated  targets  were  enriched  for  membrane-localized  proteins,  while  peptides  elevated  in  unprotected  individuals  were  linked  to  nuclear  processes.  These  findings  suggest  that  linear  peptide  reactivity  alone  may  be  insufficient  to  define  correlates  of  protection  and  that  additional  immune  mechanisms  are  likely  to  contribute.To  investigate  antigenic  escape,  I  analyzed  whole-genome  sequence  data  from  clinical  isolates  collected  over  15  years  from  symptomatic  infections  in  southern  Malawi.  Using  Tajima's  D    and  Hudson's  FST  across  sliding  genomic  windows,  I  identified  21  genes  showing  consistent  signals  of  balancing  selection  and  temporal  allele  frequency  shifts.  One  identified  gene,  PF3D7_0710200,  encoding  a  conserved  protein  of  unknown  function,  underwent  further  analysis  using  both  supervised  and  unsupervised  machine  learning  to  identify  key  amino  acid  residues  and  haplotype  clusters.  Random  forest  analysis  identified  nine  informative  amino  acid  residues  that  delineated  four  major  haplotypes  that  remained  stable  over  time,  with  three  accounting  for  over  90%  of  circulating  diversity.  These  findings  support  the  integration  of  immunological  and  evolutionary  approaches  to  inform  vaccine  design  and  identify  promising  targets  for  broadly  protective  malaria  vaccines.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0373.
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aBiostatistics
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aImmunology
■653    ▼aPlasmodium  falciparum
■653    ▼aMalaria
■653    ▼aImmunity
■653    ▼aMalaria  vaccines
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0308
■690    ▼a0715
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0573
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Maryland,  Baltimore▼bEpidemiology  and  Preventive  Medicine.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0373
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358838▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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