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Understanding Atmospheric Aerosol Dynamics and Condensed-Phase Chemistry via Laboratory-Based Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS)
Understanding Atmospheric Aerosol Dynamics and Condensed-Phase Chemistry via Laboratory-Ba...
Understanding Atmospheric Aerosol Dynamics and Condensed-Phase Chemistry via Laboratory-Based Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS)

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105134
ISBN  
9798297647749
DDC  
551.5
저자명  
Niedek, Christopher.
서명/저자  
Understanding Atmospheric Aerosol Dynamics and Condensed-Phase Chemistry via Laboratory-Based Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS)
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Davis, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
226 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zhang, Qi.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Organic aerosols, and atmospheric condensed phases more broadly, are important components of the troposphere. Despite a large amount of effort over the past few decades to better understand the dynamic chemistry of ambient aerosols, our knowledge of the characterization and fate atmospheric condensed-phase species remains limited. A critically understudied aspect of this chemistry is the chemical processes occurring in aqueous particles and aerosol liquid water (ALW). A more thorough characterization of the chemical composition and processes of these atmospheric condensed phases is necessary to improve the accuracy of models of aerosol impacts on climate change and human health. This dissertation focuses on developing novel methodologies for the study of atmospheric condensed phases and applying these techniques to understand the aqueous-phase chemistry of phenols and furans (both important biomass burning (BB) emission species) under more ALW-like conditions and to examine vertical distributions in ambient aerosol chemistry.Chapter 2 presents a unique application of lab-based, analytical aerosol chemistry techniques to evaluate the ability of purported "aerosol barriers" to retain aerosols in a hospital setting. Shortly after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was interest in the use of various types of barrier devices to protect hospital staff from potentially infectious respiratory aerosols during aerosol generating procedures (e.g. intubation). However, very little data existed on the ability of these types of devices to retain aerosols and therefore protect the user. A novel methodology involving simultaneous, real-time analysis of modeled, exhaled particles using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and condensation particle counter (CPC) was developed to evaluate the aerosol retention characteristics of barrier devices. Aerosol retention was largely dependent on the degree of enclosure of the barrier device. A barrier device that fully encloses a patient can effectively retain respiratory aerosols, while aerosols could be detected leaking from any available opening. Additionally, aerosol evacuation can be performed to reduce the internal aerosol count to near-background levels.Chapter 3 details the development of a micronebulization aerosol mass spectrometry (MN-AMS) technique for analysis of low volume, low dissolved mass extracts of particulate matter (PM) collected on filters. Limitations on standard filter extraction and aerosol generation techniques require long filter collection times and prohibit the use of advanced PM collection strategies like uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). The MN-AMS technique can generate aerosols suitable for AMS analysis from microliter volumes of liquid filter extracts containing nanograms of dissolved PM, a significant improvement over standard aerosol generation techniques. This technique was evaluated against standard aerosol generation techniques with the AMS and ion chromatography and was able to accurately reproduce expected aerosol chemical compositions across a range of solution volumes. Then, samples collected on the ground and aboard a UAS at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility were analyzed using MN-AMS. This technique accurately reproduced the expected aerosol chemical compositions and mass concentrations ascertained by on-the-ground measurements performed by an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM). Chapter 4 further demonstrates the MN-AMS technique by examining the detailed chemistry of a set of filter samples collected using the ARM UAS named the ArcticShark during a set of flight campaigns performed in March, June, and August of 2023. On-board measurements of ambient RH, temperature, wind speed and direction, and cloud droplet concentrations were combined with ground-based measurements of cloud-base heights and planetary boundary layer heights (PLBH) to better understand aerosol chemistry at SGP both at ground level and aloft. Chemistry measured at altitude was compared to a ground-level ACSM. The two measurements were most similar when the PBLH was high and the ArcticShark was sampling well below it. When the ArcticShark had significant sampling time above the PBL, measurements of PM chemistry diverged from those measured on the ground. Additionally, seasonal insights into PM chemistry at SGP, including seasonal variations in organic nitrogen species, were discussed. Both the speciation and average oxidation state of organic nitrogen species changes from March and June to August. Last, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the UAS samples on a monthly basis. In each month, factors similar to oxidized organic aerosols (OOA) were found. In March and June, a factor was found that correlated to specific samples that were largely from above the PBL and resembled highly oxidized (relative to the rest of the monthly samples) OA that was chemically distinct from PM measured during the other sampling days in March and June.In Chapter 5, a novel photoreaction system named the small pathlength photoreactor (SPP) is described. The SPP was designed to study condensed-phase photochemistry at conditions similar to those found in ALW. General characterization of the SPP was performed, including RH and temperature control within the reaction chamber and comparison of model reactions of phenol and furan photochemistry performed in more established photoreaction systems. Photochemistry under ALW conditions was exemplified by examining guaiacyl acetone (GA), a model BB phenol, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMB), a model triplet carbon photosensitizer, photochemistry under high organic concentrations and high salt concentrations. High concentrations of light absorbing organics can cause issues with light screening under typical photochemical setups where pathlengths are on the order of 1 cm. GA decay rates are notably increased as DMB concentrations increase, even despite light screening caused by increased GA concentrations, and high salt concentrations cause a slight decrease in GA decay rates. Similarly, the rate of GA oligomerization is increased under high organic concentrations and decreased under high salt conditions. Secondary organic aerosol yields are generally decreased under ALW conditions.In Chapter 6, the SPP is further utilized to examine furan-singlet oxygen (1O2) under high ionic strength conditions. Like phenols, furans can be significant components of BB emissions. Singlet oxygen chemistry has been explored in environmental waters, and under low salt concentration (2 M) conditions, but almost no data exists on 1O2 chemistry under ALW conditions where ionic strengths can reach as high as 20 M, at least an order of magnitude higher than what has been studied prior. For reactions of FFA and 1O2 (generated from rose Bengal (RB), a common 1O2 photosensitizer), a moderate correlation between photosensitizer absorption area and FFA decay rate was found. This suggests that ionic strength is modifying the 1O2 steady-state concentration of the system, as opposed to second order rate constants between furans and 1O2. The effects of ionic strength on the furan-1O2 were also explored more broadly by examining the decay rates of a set of furans using different 1O2 photosensitizers and salts. Similar to what has been shown in the literature under low ionic strength conditions, ionic strength effects on 1O2 photochemistry are highly dependent on salt concentration, salt identity, 1O2 photosensitizer identity, and to a lesser extent the identity of the furan. Singlet oxygen photosensitizer identity seems to be the largest contributor, where different photosensitizers exist in different regimes of salt effects on furan-1O2 chemistry.
일반주제명  
Atmospheric chemistry
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry
키워드  
Positive matrix factorization
키워드  
Oxidized organic aerosols
키워드  
Aerosol mass spectrometer
키워드  
Organic aerosols
키워드  
Uncrewed aerial systems
기타저자  
University of California, Davis Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a551.5
■1001  ▼aNiedek,  Christopher.
■24510▼aUnderstanding  Atmospheric  Aerosol  Dynamics  and  Condensed-Phase  Chemistry  via  Laboratory-Based  Aerosol  Mass  Spectrometry  (AMS)
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a226  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zhang,  Qi.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Davis,  2025.
■520    ▼aOrganic  aerosols,  and  atmospheric  condensed  phases  more  broadly,  are  important  components  of  the  troposphere.  Despite  a  large  amount  of  effort  over  the  past  few  decades  to  better  understand  the  dynamic  chemistry  of  ambient  aerosols,  our  knowledge  of  the  characterization  and  fate  atmospheric  condensed-phase  species  remains  limited.  A  critically  understudied  aspect  of  this  chemistry  is  the  chemical  processes  occurring  in  aqueous  particles  and  aerosol  liquid  water  (ALW).  A  more  thorough  characterization  of  the  chemical  composition  and  processes  of  these  atmospheric  condensed  phases  is  necessary  to  improve  the  accuracy  of  models  of  aerosol  impacts  on  climate  change  and  human  health.  This  dissertation  focuses  on  developing  novel  methodologies  for  the  study  of  atmospheric  condensed  phases  and  applying  these  techniques  to  understand  the  aqueous-phase  chemistry  of  phenols  and  furans  (both  important  biomass  burning  (BB)  emission  species)  under  more  ALW-like  conditions  and  to  examine  vertical  distributions  in  ambient  aerosol  chemistry.Chapter  2  presents  a  unique  application  of  lab-based,  analytical  aerosol  chemistry  techniques  to  evaluate  the  ability  of  purported  "aerosol  barriers"  to  retain  aerosols  in  a  hospital  setting.  Shortly  after  the  start  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  there  was  interest  in  the  use  of  various  types  of  barrier  devices  to  protect  hospital  staff  from  potentially  infectious  respiratory  aerosols  during  aerosol  generating  procedures  (e.g.  intubation).  However,  very  little  data  existed  on  the  ability  of  these  types  of  devices  to  retain  aerosols  and  therefore  protect  the  user.  A  novel  methodology  involving  simultaneous,  real-time  analysis  of  modeled,  exhaled  particles  using  an  aerosol  mass  spectrometer  (AMS)  and  condensation  particle  counter  (CPC)  was  developed  to  evaluate  the  aerosol  retention  characteristics  of  barrier  devices.  Aerosol  retention  was  largely  dependent  on  the  degree  of  enclosure  of  the  barrier  device.  A  barrier  device  that  fully  encloses  a  patient  can  effectively  retain  respiratory  aerosols,  while  aerosols  could  be  detected  leaking  from  any  available  opening.  Additionally,  aerosol  evacuation  can  be  performed  to  reduce  the  internal  aerosol  count  to  near-background  levels.Chapter  3  details  the  development  of  a  micronebulization  aerosol  mass  spectrometry  (MN-AMS)  technique  for  analysis  of  low  volume,  low  dissolved  mass  extracts  of  particulate  matter  (PM)  collected  on  filters.  Limitations  on  standard  filter  extraction  and  aerosol  generation  techniques  require  long  filter  collection  times  and  prohibit  the  use  of  advanced  PM  collection  strategies  like  uncrewed  aerial  systems  (UAS).  The  MN-AMS  technique  can  generate  aerosols  suitable  for  AMS  analysis  from  microliter  volumes  of  liquid  filter  extracts  containing  nanograms  of  dissolved  PM,  a  significant  improvement  over  standard  aerosol  generation  techniques.  This  technique  was  evaluated  against  standard  aerosol  generation  techniques  with  the  AMS  and  ion  chromatography  and  was  able  to  accurately  reproduce  expected  aerosol  chemical  compositions  across  a  range  of  solution  volumes.  Then,  samples  collected  on  the  ground  and  aboard  a  UAS  at  the  Southern  Great  Plains  (SGP)  atmospheric  observatory  Department  of  Energy  (DOE)  Atmospheric  Radiation  Measurement  (ARM)  user  facility  were  analyzed  using  MN-AMS.  This  technique  accurately  reproduced  the  expected  aerosol  chemical  compositions  and  mass  concentrations  ascertained  by  on-the-ground  measurements  performed  by  an  aerosol  chemical  speciation  monitor  (ACSM).  Chapter  4  further  demonstrates  the  MN-AMS  technique  by  examining  the  detailed  chemistry  of  a  set  of  filter  samples  collected  using  the  ARM  UAS  named  the  ArcticShark  during  a  set  of  flight  campaigns  performed  in  March,  June,  and  August  of  2023.  On-board  measurements  of  ambient  RH,  temperature,  wind  speed  and  direction,  and  cloud  droplet  concentrations  were  combined  with  ground-based  measurements  of  cloud-base  heights  and  planetary  boundary  layer  heights  (PLBH)  to  better  understand  aerosol  chemistry  at  SGP  both  at  ground  level  and  aloft.  Chemistry  measured  at  altitude  was  compared  to  a  ground-level  ACSM.  The  two  measurements  were  most  similar  when  the  PBLH  was  high  and  the  ArcticShark  was  sampling  well  below  it.  When  the  ArcticShark  had  significant  sampling  time  above  the  PBL,  measurements  of  PM  chemistry  diverged  from  those  measured  on  the  ground.  Additionally,  seasonal  insights  into  PM  chemistry  at  SGP,  including  seasonal  variations  in  organic  nitrogen  species,  were  discussed.  Both  the  speciation  and  average  oxidation  state  of  organic  nitrogen  species  changes  from  March  and  June  to  August.  Last,  positive  matrix  factorization  (PMF)  was  applied  to  the  UAS  samples  on  a  monthly  basis.  In  each  month,  factors  similar  to  oxidized  organic  aerosols  (OOA)  were  found.  In  March  and  June,  a  factor  was  found  that  correlated  to  specific  samples  that  were  largely  from  above  the  PBL  and  resembled  highly  oxidized  (relative  to  the  rest  of  the  monthly  samples)  OA  that  was  chemically  distinct  from  PM  measured  during  the  other  sampling  days  in  March  and  June.In  Chapter  5,  a  novel  photoreaction  system  named  the  small  pathlength  photoreactor  (SPP)  is  described.  The  SPP  was  designed  to  study  condensed-phase  photochemistry  at  conditions  similar  to  those  found  in  ALW.  General  characterization  of  the  SPP  was  performed,  including  RH  and  temperature  control  within  the  reaction  chamber  and  comparison  of  model  reactions  of  phenol  and  furan  photochemistry  performed  in  more  established  photoreaction  systems.  Photochemistry  under  ALW  conditions  was  exemplified  by  examining  guaiacyl  acetone  (GA),  a  model  BB  phenol,  and  3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde  (DMB),  a  model  triplet  carbon  photosensitizer,  photochemistry  under  high  organic  concentrations  and  high  salt  concentrations.  High  concentrations  of  light  absorbing  organics  can  cause  issues  with  light  screening  under  typical  photochemical  setups  where  pathlengths  are  on  the  order  of  1  cm.  GA  decay  rates  are  notably  increased  as  DMB  concentrations  increase,  even  despite  light  screening  caused  by  increased  GA  concentrations,  and  high  salt  concentrations  cause  a  slight  decrease  in  GA  decay  rates.  Similarly,  the  rate  of  GA  oligomerization  is  increased  under  high  organic  concentrations  and  decreased  under  high  salt  conditions.  Secondary  organic  aerosol  yields  are  generally  decreased  under  ALW  conditions.In  Chapter  6,  the  SPP  is  further  utilized  to  examine  furan-singlet  oxygen  (1O2)  under  high  ionic  strength  conditions.  Like  phenols,  furans  can  be  significant  components  of  BB  emissions.  Singlet  oxygen  chemistry  has  been  explored  in  environmental  waters,  and  under  low  salt  concentration  (2  M)  conditions,  but  almost  no  data  exists  on  1O2  chemistry  under  ALW  conditions  where  ionic  strengths  can  reach  as  high  as  20  M,  at  least  an  order  of  magnitude  higher  than  what  has  been  studied  prior.  For  reactions  of  FFA  and  1O2  (generated  from  rose  Bengal  (RB),  a  common  1O2  photosensitizer),  a  moderate  correlation  between  photosensitizer  absorption  area  and  FFA  decay  rate  was  found.  This  suggests  that  ionic  strength  is  modifying  the  1O2  steady-state  concentration  of  the  system,  as  opposed  to  second  order  rate  constants  between  furans  and  1O2.  The  effects  of  ionic  strength  on  the  furan-1O2  were  also  explored  more  broadly  by  examining  the  decay  rates  of  a  set  of  furans  using  different  1O2  photosensitizers  and  salts.  Similar  to  what  has  been  shown  in  the  literature  under  low  ionic  strength  conditions,  ionic  strength  effects  on  1O2  photochemistry  are  highly  dependent  on  salt  concentration,  salt  identity,  1O2  photosensitizer  identity,  and  to  a  lesser  extent  the  identity  of  the  furan.  Singlet  oxygen  photosensitizer  identity  seems  to  be  the  largest  contributor,  where  different  photosensitizers  exist  in  different  regimes  of  salt  effects  on  furan-1O2  chemistry.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0029.
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  chemistry
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry
■653    ▼aPositive  matrix  factorization
■653    ▼aOxidized  organic  aerosols
■653    ▼aAerosol  mass  spectrometer
■653    ▼aOrganic  aerosols
■653    ▼aUncrewed  aerial  systems
■690    ▼a0371
■690    ▼a0486
■690    ▼a0494
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼bAgricultural  and  Environmental  Chemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0029
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359540▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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