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The Contributions of Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity to Evaluation of Competing Explanations
The Contributions of Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity to Evaluation of Competin...
The Contributions of Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity to Evaluation of Competing Explanations

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105136
ISBN  
9798293866779
DDC  
153
저자명  
Harsch, Rina Miyata.
서명/저자  
The Contributions of Source Expertise and Explanation Simplicity to Evaluation of Competing Explanations
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
167 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kendeou, Panayiota.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Much of our thinking is directed toward trying to explain something, or to understand why it happened. Having a good explanation can aid in our ability to make predictions and appreciate the mechanisms underlying puzzling phenomena. Given the importance of explanations for understanding and prediction, investigating how people comprehend and evaluate them is an important question to pursue. The reality is that much of what people are trying to understand and make decisions about is complex and difficult to observe. Thus, much of our understanding comes from comprehending and evaluating explanations given to us by other people. Considerable research in the areas of discourse comprehension and explanatory virtues have shed light on how multiple competing claims are comprehended and evaluated on one hand, and how explanations are evaluated on the other. Together, this research suggests that the evaluation of competing explanations may depend on features of the source, including source expertise, as well as features of each explanation, including the simplicity of its causal structure. However, these two accounts have not been integrated, and there are open questions about how readers might evaluate disagreeing explanations that vary in both simplicity and source expertise and what they might infer caused disagreements between sources to begin with. To address this gap, I devised a series of three experiments in which participants read stimulus pairs about the physical symptoms of fictional patients and two competing explanations for the patients' symptoms, each from its own source. Each explanation could vary in its simplicity, and the corresponding source could vary in its expertise. In Experiment 1, the stimulus pairs varied in both their simplicity and their sources' expertise. The influences of cues manipulated in Experiment 1 were systematically examined in Experiments 2 and 3. In Experiment 2, the same stimuli about patients were used. I varied only the sources' expertise, and used all simple explanations. The individual sources each varied in their expertise, and the pairs of sources varied in whether the two sources had the same or differing levels of expertise. This allowed for a systematic examination of the effect of cues, both when variability within the disagreement might draw attention to the cues and when there was a lack of variability. A similar design was used to examine the contribution of the simplicity cue in Experiment 3. The simplicity of each competing explanation was varied, as well as whether or not the level of simplicity varied between explanations. In each experiment, I measured participants' final evaluations of the probability that each explanation accounts for the patient's symptoms, the causes attributed to the disagreements, and the downstream attitudes about learning more about the topic, specifically participants' curiosity about the topic, their confidence in their ability to learn about the topic, and the extent to which they valued expertise on the topic. Across the three studies, I found support for an additive hypothesis, in which both simplicity and source expertise influence evaluations of competing explanations additively, but not interactively. Furthermore, the combinations of source expertise conditions and simplicity conditions seemed to influence the causes attributed to the disagreements. Namely, disagreements between sources that differed in their expertise were more likely to be attributed to differences in sources' expertise; however, disagreements were more likely to be attributed to complexity of the topic when both sources were expert, and especially when both competing explanations were complex. Results are discussed in light of existing research and theories about the evaluation of competing explanations.
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
일반주제명  
Experimental psychology
일반주제명  
Developmental psychology
키워드  
Curiosity
키워드  
Competing explanations
키워드  
Predictions
키워드  
Discourse comprehension
키워드  
Evaluation
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Educational Psychology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aHarsch,  Rina  Miyata.
■24510▼aThe  Contributions  of  Source  Expertise  and  Explanation  Simplicity  to  Evaluation  of  Competing  Explanations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a167  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kendeou,  Panayiota.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2025.
■520    ▼aMuch  of  our  thinking  is  directed  toward  trying  to  explain  something,  or  to  understand  why  it  happened.  Having  a  good  explanation  can  aid  in  our  ability  to  make  predictions  and  appreciate  the  mechanisms  underlying  puzzling  phenomena.  Given  the  importance  of  explanations  for  understanding  and  prediction,  investigating  how  people  comprehend  and  evaluate  them  is  an  important  question  to  pursue.  The  reality  is  that  much  of  what  people  are  trying  to  understand  and  make  decisions  about  is  complex  and  difficult  to  observe.  Thus,  much  of  our  understanding  comes  from  comprehending  and  evaluating  explanations  given  to  us  by  other  people.  Considerable  research  in  the  areas  of  discourse  comprehension  and  explanatory  virtues  have  shed  light  on  how  multiple  competing  claims  are  comprehended  and  evaluated  on  one  hand,  and  how  explanations  are  evaluated  on  the  other.  Together,  this  research  suggests  that  the  evaluation  of  competing  explanations  may  depend  on  features  of  the  source,  including  source  expertise,  as  well  as  features  of  each  explanation,  including  the  simplicity  of  its  causal  structure.  However,  these  two  accounts  have  not  been  integrated,  and  there  are  open  questions  about  how  readers  might  evaluate  disagreeing  explanations  that  vary  in  both  simplicity  and  source  expertise  and  what  they  might  infer  caused  disagreements  between  sources  to  begin  with.  To  address  this  gap,  I  devised  a  series  of  three  experiments  in  which  participants  read  stimulus  pairs  about  the  physical  symptoms  of  fictional  patients  and  two  competing  explanations  for  the  patients'  symptoms,  each  from  its  own  source.  Each  explanation  could  vary  in  its  simplicity,  and  the  corresponding  source  could  vary  in  its  expertise.  In  Experiment  1,  the  stimulus  pairs  varied  in  both  their  simplicity  and  their  sources'  expertise.  The  influences  of  cues  manipulated  in  Experiment  1  were  systematically  examined  in  Experiments  2  and  3.  In  Experiment  2,  the  same  stimuli  about  patients  were  used.  I  varied  only  the  sources'  expertise,  and  used  all  simple  explanations.  The  individual  sources  each  varied  in  their  expertise,  and  the  pairs  of  sources  varied  in  whether  the  two  sources  had  the  same  or  differing  levels  of  expertise.  This  allowed  for  a  systematic  examination  of  the  effect  of  cues,  both  when  variability  within  the  disagreement  might  draw  attention  to  the  cues  and  when  there  was  a  lack  of  variability.  A  similar  design  was  used  to  examine  the  contribution  of  the  simplicity  cue  in  Experiment  3.  The  simplicity  of  each  competing  explanation  was  varied,  as  well  as  whether  or  not  the  level  of  simplicity  varied  between  explanations.  In  each  experiment,  I  measured  participants'  final  evaluations  of  the  probability  that  each  explanation  accounts  for  the  patient's  symptoms,  the  causes  attributed  to  the  disagreements,  and  the  downstream  attitudes  about  learning  more  about  the  topic,  specifically  participants'  curiosity  about  the  topic,  their  confidence  in  their  ability  to  learn  about  the  topic,  and  the  extent  to  which  they  valued  expertise  on  the  topic.  Across  the  three  studies,  I  found  support  for  an  additive  hypothesis,  in  which  both  simplicity  and  source  expertise  influence  evaluations  of  competing  explanations  additively,  but  not  interactively.  Furthermore,  the  combinations  of  source  expertise  conditions  and  simplicity  conditions  seemed  to  influence  the  causes  attributed  to  the  disagreements.  Namely,  disagreements  between  sources  that  differed  in  their  expertise  were  more  likely  to  be  attributed  to  differences  in  sources'  expertise;  however,  disagreements  were  more  likely  to  be  attributed  to  complexity  of  the  topic  when  both  sources  were  expert,  and  especially  when  both  competing  explanations  were  complex.  Results  are  discussed  in  light  of  existing  research  and  theories  about  the  evaluation  of  competing  explanations.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■650  4▼aExperimental  psychology
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  psychology
■653    ▼aCuriosity
■653    ▼aCompeting  explanations
■653    ▼aPredictions
■653    ▼aDiscourse  comprehension
■653    ▼aEvaluation
■690    ▼a0633
■690    ▼a0620
■690    ▼a0623
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bEducational  Psychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359552▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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