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Optimization of Antigen-Targeting Strategies for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies
Optimization of Antigen-Targeting Strategies for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapie...
Optimization of Antigen-Targeting Strategies for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105311
ISBN  
9798270227630
DDC  
616.079
저자명  
Kang, Amrik Singh.
서명/저자  
Optimization of Antigen-Targeting Strategies for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, San Francisco, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
130 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Wiita, Arun P.;Eyquem, Justin.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are a powerful therapeutic technology that has shown exceptional efficacy in B-cell cancers and multiple myeloma, but only limited effects in other hematological malignancies or solid cancers. A major challenge has been developing and optimizing strategies for targeting cancer-specific cell surface targets without targeting healthy tissues, especially given the heterogeneity of cell-surface protein expression in most tumors.Here, I first develop a dual-antigen targeting CAR T-cell therapy against the antigens CD70 and the active conformation of integrin β2 (aITGB2), two antigens known to be expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but on very few healthy tissues. I show that an OR-gated approach for these antigens significantly increases the proportion of AML blasts that can be targeted. I identify dual-targeting CAR-T constructs with superior anti-tumor cytotoxicity in vitro against AML cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. I further show significantly improved in vivo tumor clearance and survival for a dual-targeting CAR in murine models of AML tumor heterogeneity. Finally, I show that this dual-targeting CAR does not increase off-tumor toxicity, especially against hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Together, these findings demonstrate a promising translatable approach for the treatment of AML without the notable toxicities commonly seen in other leading CAR-T targets for this disease. Next, I explore the use of deep learning algorithms to develop an optimized CAR binder against CD70 based on its native receptor, CD27. I generate several CD27-based CAR variants identified by a novel computational pipeline. I then test these variants in a battery of in vitro and in vivo tests, identifying a lead candidate mutation, denoted CD27N88A, with improved tumor killing, effector cytokine expression, and T-cell persistence. Molecular dynamics simulations of the receptor-ligand interaction predict that CD27N88A forms a more dynamic and energetically favorable interaction with CD70 compared to CD27WT. I utilize biochemical assays and fluorescent microscopy to support this prediction, revealing that CD27N88A CAR-Ts display a stronger affinity and avidity to CD70, greater segregation between receptors and ligand at the CAR synapse, and improved cytotoxic granule trafficking to the synapse. I further show that CD27N88A maintains therapeutic safety, with no observed off-target binding and no significant impact on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. Finally, we show that the CD27N88A CAR is highly effective in many CD70-expressing tumors, including AML, high-risk multiple myeloma, and renal cell carcinoma, demonstrating that this best-in-class anti-CD70 CAR-T therapy has great translational potential for a number of cancer indications.
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Oncology
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
키워드  
Acute myeloid leukemia
키워드  
Cancer immunotherapy
키워드  
Chimeric antigen receptor
키워드  
Protein structures
키워드  
Deep learning algorithms
기타저자  
University of California, San Francisco Biomedical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aKang,  Amrik  Singh.
■24510▼aOptimization  of  Antigen-Targeting  Strategies  for  Chimeric  Antigen  Receptor  T-Cell  Therapies
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  San  Francisco▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a130  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Wiita,  Arun  P.;Eyquem,  Justin.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  San  Francisco,  2025.
■520    ▼aChimeric  antigen  receptor  (CAR)  T-cells  are  a  powerful  therapeutic  technology  that  has  shown  exceptional  efficacy  in  B-cell  cancers  and  multiple  myeloma,  but  only  limited  effects  in  other  hematological  malignancies  or  solid  cancers.  A  major  challenge  has  been  developing  and  optimizing  strategies  for  targeting  cancer-specific  cell  surface  targets  without  targeting  healthy  tissues,  especially  given  the  heterogeneity  of  cell-surface  protein  expression  in  most  tumors.Here,  I  first  develop  a  dual-antigen  targeting  CAR  T-cell  therapy  against  the  antigens  CD70  and  the  active  conformation  of  integrin  β2  (aITGB2),  two  antigens  known  to  be  expressed  in  acute  myeloid  leukemia  (AML)  but  on  very  few  healthy  tissues.  I  show  that  an  OR-gated  approach  for  these  antigens  significantly  increases  the  proportion  of  AML  blasts  that  can  be  targeted.  I  identify  dual-targeting  CAR-T  constructs  with  superior  anti-tumor  cytotoxicity  in  vitro  against  AML  cell  line  and  patient-derived  xenograft  models.  I  further  show  significantly  improved  in  vivo  tumor  clearance  and  survival  for  a  dual-targeting  CAR  in  murine  models  of  AML  tumor  heterogeneity.  Finally,  I  show  that  this  dual-targeting  CAR  does  not  increase  off-tumor  toxicity,  especially  against  hematopoietic  stem  and  progenitor  cells.  Together,  these  findings  demonstrate  a  promising  translatable  approach  for  the  treatment  of  AML  without  the  notable  toxicities  commonly  seen  in  other  leading  CAR-T  targets  for  this  disease.  Next,  I  explore  the  use  of  deep  learning  algorithms  to  develop  an  optimized  CAR  binder  against  CD70  based  on  its  native  receptor,  CD27.  I  generate  several  CD27-based  CAR  variants  identified  by  a  novel  computational  pipeline.  I  then  test  these  variants  in  a  battery  of  in  vitro  and  in  vivo  tests,  identifying  a  lead  candidate  mutation,  denoted  CD27N88A,  with  improved  tumor  killing,  effector  cytokine  expression,  and  T-cell  persistence.  Molecular  dynamics  simulations  of  the  receptor-ligand  interaction  predict  that  CD27N88A  forms  a  more  dynamic  and  energetically  favorable  interaction  with  CD70  compared  to  CD27WT.  I  utilize  biochemical  assays  and  fluorescent  microscopy  to  support  this  prediction,  revealing  that  CD27N88A  CAR-Ts  display  a  stronger  affinity  and  avidity  to  CD70,  greater  segregation  between  receptors  and  ligand  at  the  CAR  synapse,  and  improved  cytotoxic  granule  trafficking  to  the  synapse.  I  further  show  that  CD27N88A  maintains  therapeutic  safety,  with  no  observed  off-target  binding  and  no  significant  impact  on  hematopoietic  stem  and  progenitor  cell  populations.  Finally,  we  show  that  the  CD27N88A  CAR  is  highly  effective  in  many  CD70-expressing  tumors,  including  AML,  high-risk  multiple  myeloma,  and  renal  cell  carcinoma,  demonstrating  that  this  best-in-class  anti-CD70  CAR-T  therapy  has  great  translational  potential  for  a  number  of  cancer  indications.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0034.
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aOncology
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■653    ▼aAcute  myeloid  leukemia
■653    ▼aCancer  immunotherapy
■653    ▼aChimeric  antigen  receptor
■653    ▼aProtein  structures  
■653    ▼aDeep  learning  algorithms
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0992
■690    ▼a0564
■690    ▼a0379
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  San  Francisco▼bBiomedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-06B.
■790    ▼a0034
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360147▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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