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Tuning the Supramolecular Properties of Peptide Amphiphiles as Therapeutics for the Central Nervous System
Tuning the Supramolecular Properties of Peptide Amphiphiles as Therapeutics for the Central Nervous System
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105313
- ISBN
- 9798265484048
- DDC
- 547
- 저자명
- Gao, Zijun.
- 서명/저자
- Tuning the Supramolecular Properties of Peptide Amphiphiles as Therapeutics for the Central Nervous System
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Northwestern University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 336 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-06, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Stupp, Samuel Issac.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary integrative center that regulates cognition, perception, memory, sensation and motor control. Structurally the CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord, and at a cellular level it consists of a diverse population of cells including neurons and supportive cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Because of the highly restricted capability for neuron regeneration and the complex interplay between neurons and supportive cells, injuries and diseases in the CNS are often irreversible and always devastating. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for developing therapies that target repair of damage in the CNS. This work specifically focused on three CNS targets: neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), in which pathological protein aggregation is associated with neurotoxicity and substantial loss of neural tissue; ischemic stroke, in which a blockage in the brain vasculature temporarily cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients to part of the brain but leading to permanent brain damage; and delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a significant barrier separating the peripheral circulation and the brain, restricting the systemic delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to the brain. Self-assembly is a ubiquitous process in the functional structures of living systems. Inspired by the fundamental principles of self-assembly in nature, supramolecular polymers represent an attractive platform for constructing synthetic nanomaterials utilizing non-covalent interactions. Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are a class of supramolecular polymer with capabilities of forming diverse nanostructures for a wide range of biomedical applications. The work described in this thesis utilized PAs as the chemical toolbox and focused on tuning the supramolecular properties of PAs as a chemical toolbox to approach the three CNS targets. Specifically, the hydrophilic terminus of PAs was covalently functionalized with a glycan moiety to enable amyloid entrapment in order to combat neurodegeneration, a neuroprotective PA designed to have limited -sheet structure was explored to enhance supramolecular motion and therefore cell signaling in order to optimize neural recovery post ischemic stroke, and also the hydrophobic lipid-like segments of PAs were modified to reduce supramolecular cohesion and increase BBB crossing efficiency. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, glycopeptide amphiphiles functionalized with a non-reducing disaccharide, trehalose, were developed to target pathological protein aggregation in NDs including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Trehalose has been reported as a protein chaperone that stabilizes protein structures and prevents their misfolding and aggregation. It was initially hypothesized that the dense display of trehalose at PA nanofiber surface would allow the nanofibers to stabilize proteins and prevent their aggregation. Interestingly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that non-annealed trehalose-PA (TPA) formed long nanofibers whereas thermally annealed TPA was transformed into micellar aggregates. Variable-temperature circular dichroism (CD) and SAXS revealed that the trehalose functionalization introduced metastability to the internal order of PA nanofibers, resulting in a lower transition temperature from their liquid crystalline state containing high-aspect-ratio supramolecular nanofibers with -sheets to the isotropic state. To evaluate TPA's bioactivity against protein aggregation, amyloid beta 1-42 (A42) was used as a model protein as it is reported to be the major toxic aggregating factor in AD. PAs were exposed to monomeric A42 and allowed to incubate. A fluorescence kinetic assay using thioflavin T revealed that non-annealed TPA fibers were able to inhibit amyloid aggregation whereas annealed TPA micelles were not, suggesting that fiber morphology was essential for such inhibition. Using transmission electron microscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy, it was found that this metastability allowed TPA nanofibers to engage in favorable interactions with A42 and form a supramolecular copolymer with it. Course-grain molecular dynamic simulations of the copolymerization further showed that fibers provided scaffolds with heterotypic surface contacts that were necessary for the effective entrapment of amyloid proteins. Bioactivity evaluations using human motor and cortical neurons showed that the metastable TPA nanofibers were able to prevent amyloid toxicity and promote neuron survival. Live-cell imaging of neuron lysosomes further demonstrated that TPA nanofibers effectively trapped A42 inside the hybrid nanostructures and prevented their entry into lysosomes for activation of neurotoxicity. This chapter highlighted the potential of properly tuned supramolecular polymerizations of monomers to safely remove amyloidogenic proteins in neurodegeneration, provided they can be localized to the brain by utilizing the inherent BBB leakiness in NDs or alternative BBB-permeating strategies. The work described in Chapter 3 of this thesis investigated the potential of a neuroprotective PA as adjunct therapy for ischemic stroke, another increasingly important treatment for CNS damage. The current therapy for ischemic stroke relies on the removal of vessel blockage to restore blood blow using. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
- 일반주제명
- Organic chemistry
- 일반주제명
- Chemistry
- 일반주제명
- Biochemistry
- 키워드
- Biomaterials
- 키워드
- Nanomedicine
- 기타저자
- Northwestern University Chemistry
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-06B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■1001 ▼aGao, Zijun.
■24510▼aTuning the Supramolecular Properties of Peptide Amphiphiles as Therapeutics for the Central Nervous System
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a336 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-06, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Stupp, Samuel Issac.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2025.
■520 ▼aThe central nervous system (CNS) is the primary integrative center that regulates cognition, perception, memory, sensation and motor control. Structurally the CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord, and at a cellular level it consists of a diverse population of cells including neurons and supportive cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Because of the highly restricted capability for neuron regeneration and the complex interplay between neurons and supportive cells, injuries and diseases in the CNS are often irreversible and always devastating. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for developing therapies that target repair of damage in the CNS. This work specifically focused on three CNS targets: neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), in which pathological protein aggregation is associated with neurotoxicity and substantial loss of neural tissue; ischemic stroke, in which a blockage in the brain vasculature temporarily cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients to part of the brain but leading to permanent brain damage; and delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a significant barrier separating the peripheral circulation and the brain, restricting the systemic delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to the brain. Self-assembly is a ubiquitous process in the functional structures of living systems. Inspired by the fundamental principles of self-assembly in nature, supramolecular polymers represent an attractive platform for constructing synthetic nanomaterials utilizing non-covalent interactions. Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are a class of supramolecular polymer with capabilities of forming diverse nanostructures for a wide range of biomedical applications. The work described in this thesis utilized PAs as the chemical toolbox and focused on tuning the supramolecular properties of PAs as a chemical toolbox to approach the three CNS targets. Specifically, the hydrophilic terminus of PAs was covalently functionalized with a glycan moiety to enable amyloid entrapment in order to combat neurodegeneration, a neuroprotective PA designed to have limited -sheet structure was explored to enhance supramolecular motion and therefore cell signaling in order to optimize neural recovery post ischemic stroke, and also the hydrophobic lipid-like segments of PAs were modified to reduce supramolecular cohesion and increase BBB crossing efficiency. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, glycopeptide amphiphiles functionalized with a non-reducing disaccharide, trehalose, were developed to target pathological protein aggregation in NDs including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Trehalose has been reported as a protein chaperone that stabilizes protein structures and prevents their misfolding and aggregation. It was initially hypothesized that the dense display of trehalose at PA nanofiber surface would allow the nanofibers to stabilize proteins and prevent their aggregation. Interestingly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that non-annealed trehalose-PA (TPA) formed long nanofibers whereas thermally annealed TPA was transformed into micellar aggregates. Variable-temperature circular dichroism (CD) and SAXS revealed that the trehalose functionalization introduced metastability to the internal order of PA nanofibers, resulting in a lower transition temperature from their liquid crystalline state containing high-aspect-ratio supramolecular nanofibers with -sheets to the isotropic state. To evaluate TPA's bioactivity against protein aggregation, amyloid beta 1-42 (A42) was used as a model protein as it is reported to be the major toxic aggregating factor in AD. PAs were exposed to monomeric A42 and allowed to incubate. A fluorescence kinetic assay using thioflavin T revealed that non-annealed TPA fibers were able to inhibit amyloid aggregation whereas annealed TPA micelles were not, suggesting that fiber morphology was essential for such inhibition. Using transmission electron microscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy, it was found that this metastability allowed TPA nanofibers to engage in favorable interactions with A42 and form a supramolecular copolymer with it. Course-grain molecular dynamic simulations of the copolymerization further showed that fibers provided scaffolds with heterotypic surface contacts that were necessary for the effective entrapment of amyloid proteins. Bioactivity evaluations using human motor and cortical neurons showed that the metastable TPA nanofibers were able to prevent amyloid toxicity and promote neuron survival. Live-cell imaging of neuron lysosomes further demonstrated that TPA nanofibers effectively trapped A42 inside the hybrid nanostructures and prevented their entry into lysosomes for activation of neurotoxicity. This chapter highlighted the potential of properly tuned supramolecular polymerizations of monomers to safely remove amyloidogenic proteins in neurodegeneration, provided they can be localized to the brain by utilizing the inherent BBB leakiness in NDs or alternative BBB-permeating strategies. The work described in Chapter 3 of this thesis investigated the potential of a neuroprotective PA as adjunct therapy for ischemic stroke, another increasingly important treatment for CNS damage. The current therapy for ischemic stroke relies on the removal of vessel blockage to restore blood blow using. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0163.
■650 4▼aOrganic chemistry
■650 4▼aChemistry
■650 4▼aBiochemistry
■653 ▼aBiomaterials
■653 ▼aCentral nervous system
■653 ▼aNanomedicine
■653 ▼aPeptide amphiphiles
■653 ▼aSupramolecular chemistry
■690 ▼a0490
■690 ▼a0487
■690 ▼a0485
■71020▼aNorthwestern University▼bChemistry.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-06B.
■790 ▼a0163
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360164▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


