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Influence of Muscle Type, Postmortem Aging, Freezing, and Endpoint Cooking Temperature on Pork Quality and Sensory Characteristics
Influence of Muscle Type, Postmortem Aging, Freezing, and Endpoint Cooking Temperature on ...
Influence of Muscle Type, Postmortem Aging, Freezing, and Endpoint Cooking Temperature on Pork Quality and Sensory Characteristics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105706
ISBN  
9798263311216
DDC  
636
저자명  
Wang, Yifei.
서명/저자  
Influence of Muscle Type, Postmortem Aging, Freezing, and Endpoint Cooking Temperature on Pork Quality and Sensory Characteristics
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
317 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bohrer, Benjamin M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약One significant challenge in the pork industry is inconsistency in fresh pork quality and the weak relationship to eating experience that most pork quality traits provide. Understanding the mechanisms governing the development of pork quality attributes and eating experience is critical for improving consumer acceptance and use of pork. Pork quality is critically influenced by both the intrinsic characteristics of postmortem muscle and the processing methods applied during and following slaughter. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the intrinsic factors (such as biochemical profile and postmortem metabolism) as well as processing methods (such as postmortem aging time, freezing/thawing, and endpoint cooking temperature) on instrumental tenderness, water-holding capacity, and eating experience of fresh pork.Most of the existing meat science research on fresh pork quality has focused solely on the pork loin (longissimus thoracis et lumborum; LTL) muscle. However, variation in pork quality exists across muscles throughout the carcass due to the differences in their inherent biochemical profile and the events occurring during the postmortem period. Previous research has suggested that quality attributes for loins were not representative of the entire carcass. Therefore, the objective of the first study was to characterize muscle-specific pork quality of the semitendinosus (ST), gluteus medius (GM), longissimus thoracis (LT), psoas major (PM), and triceps brachii (TB). Muscle-specific differences in the rate and extent of pH decline, rate of temperature decline, instrumental color, tenderness, water-holding capacity, proteolytic changes during postmortem aging, and eating experience were evaluated in a contemporary group of fifteen pigs. Our results demonstrated that pork quality traits, postmortem proteolysis, and eating experience varied by muscle. Muscle-specific responses to changes in endpoint cooking temperature, particularly in Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and sensory traits, highlight the need to tailor processing strategies such as aging time and endpoint cooking temperature to individual muscle cuts.Beyond intrinsic factors influencing pork quality, it is critical to understand the impact of external factors, such as freezing/thawing and endpoint cooking temperature, on quality attributes. Repeated freezing and thawing events may occur in both food service and retail settings as well as at the consumer-level, which could lead to physiological and biochemical damage in muscle systems. Additionally, endpoint cooking temperature has been recognized as a key determinant of consumer eating satisfaction of fresh pork. However, limited research has explored the combined effects of freezing and endpoint cooking temperature on pork quality. Therefore, the objective of the second study was to investigate the influence of freezing/thawing and endpoint cooking temperature on the instrumental tenderness and water-holding capacity of aged pork loins. Pork loins (LTL; n= 64) were sectioned into four 8-cm thick portions and randomly assigned to one of four aging/freezing treatments: A14-NF (aged 14 d, never frozen), A21-NF (aged 21 d, never frozen), A21-F1 (aged 14 d, one freeze-thaw event, plus 7 additional d of aging), and A21-F2 (aged 14 d, one freeze-thaw event, plus 7 additional d of aging, followed by a second freeze-thaw event). Repeated freezing and thawing decreased WBSF of pork chops when cooked to an endpoint cooking temperature of 71°C, however had minimal effect at when cooked to an endpoint cooking temperature of 63°C, indicating that endpoint cooking temperature had a greater impact on tenderness and water-holding capacity than freezing events, as well as the pork quality traits measured in this study (pH, color, or marbling).Desmin and troponin-T serve as indicators of overall postmortem proteolysis and molecular biomarkers for important meat quality traits such as tenderness and water-holding capacity. However, the impact of endpoint cooking temperature on the quantification of desmin and troponin-T, as well as the relationship between their degradation patterns and the tenderness of cooked pork loins, have not been characterized. Therefore, the objectives of the third study were to determine the influence of extended aging and endpoint cooking temperature on pork tenderness, and to compare the abundance of desmin and troponin-T in pork loins cooked to different endpoint temperatures. Pork loins (LTL; n= 24) were divided into two sections and randomly assigned to either 14 d or 21 d postmortem aging. While the abundance of intact desmin, 38 kDa degraded desmin, intact troponin-T, and 28 kDa and 30 kDa degraded troponin-T were not influenced by postmortem aging or endpoint cooking temperatures, the ratio of degraded to intact forms varied with endpoint cooking temperature. Thus, cooked samples prepared at the same endpoint temperature can be used for evaluation of desmin and troponin-T proteolysis, but researchers should be careful when using samples cooked to difference endpoint temperatures.Ultimate pH and tenderness are considered as the most predictive pork quality traits for sensory attributes of pork loins. Pork loin (LTL) and pork tenderloin (PM) differ significantly in muscle fiber composition, energy metabolism, glycolytic potential, mitochondrial apoptosis, myofibrillar protein degradation, the rate and extent of pH decline, instrumental tenderness, and sensory traits. However, the relationship between meat quality and sensory traits of pork tenderloins (PM) has not been reported previously. Therefore, the fourth study aimed to evaluate the association between pork quality traits, particularly ultimate pH and WBSF, and the sensory attributes of the pork tenderloin. Pork tenderloins (n = 103) were evaluated for instrumental color, ultimate pH, WBSF, cooking loss, trained sensory attributes, and desmin degradation. Moreover, tenderloins were categorized by differences in ultimate pH and WBSF values, respectively. The results suggested that pork tenderloins with greater ultimate pH were perceived as juicier and more tender, while those with lower WBSF were rated as more tender. In general, ultimate pH and WBSF collectively influenced sensory traits of pork tenderloins, with tenderloins exhibiting a pH 5.80 or WBSF 2.5 kg generally deemed acceptable by panelists. However, desmin degradation did not correspond with variations in pH or WBSF, highlighting the need for further research to improve prediction of sensory quality and establish product specifications.In conclusion, these findings highlight the complex interactions among muscle type, processing method, and meat quality attributes, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies to optimize fresh pork quality. To improve consumer acceptance and encourage greater utilization of fresh pork, a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms influencing quality traits in specific muscles is warranted. In particular, it is critical to investigate how individual muscles respond to various cooking techniques-including cooking time and endpoint temperature-as well as to freezing and postmortem aging. Additionally, identifying broader sources of variation beyond traditional measures such as instrumental tenderness, pH, color, and desmin proteolysis may improve the ability to predict eating quality of individual muscle cuts. Future research should continue to explore the primary drivers of eating experience and consumer perception to support the development of pork products that consistently meet expectations across a diverse range of offerings.
일반주제명  
Animal sciences
일반주제명  
Food science
일반주제명  
Packaging
키워드  
Pork quality
키워드  
Postmortem metabolism
키워드  
Triceps brachii
키워드  
Longissimus thoracis
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Animal Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aWang,  Yifei.
■24510▼aInfluence  of  Muscle  Type,  Postmortem  Aging,  Freezing,  and  Endpoint  Cooking  Temperature  on  Pork  Quality  and  Sensory  Characteristics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a317  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Bohrer,  Benjamin  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aOne  significant  challenge  in  the  pork  industry  is  inconsistency  in  fresh  pork  quality  and  the  weak  relationship  to  eating  experience  that  most  pork  quality  traits  provide.  Understanding  the  mechanisms  governing  the  development  of  pork  quality  attributes  and  eating  experience  is  critical  for  improving  consumer  acceptance  and  use  of  pork.  Pork  quality  is  critically  influenced  by  both  the  intrinsic  characteristics  of  postmortem  muscle  and  the  processing  methods  applied  during  and  following  slaughter.  Therefore,  this  dissertation  aimed  to  evaluate  the  intrinsic  factors  (such  as  biochemical  profile  and  postmortem  metabolism)  as  well  as  processing  methods  (such  as  postmortem  aging  time,  freezing/thawing,  and  endpoint  cooking  temperature)  on  instrumental  tenderness,  water-holding  capacity,  and  eating  experience  of  fresh  pork.Most  of  the  existing  meat  science  research  on  fresh  pork  quality  has  focused  solely  on  the  pork  loin  (longissimus  thoracis  et  lumborum;  LTL)  muscle.  However,  variation  in  pork  quality  exists  across  muscles  throughout  the  carcass  due  to  the  differences  in  their  inherent  biochemical  profile  and  the  events  occurring  during  the  postmortem  period.  Previous  research  has  suggested  that  quality  attributes  for  loins  were  not  representative  of  the  entire  carcass.  Therefore,  the  objective  of  the  first  study  was  to  characterize  muscle-specific  pork  quality  of  the  semitendinosus  (ST),  gluteus  medius  (GM),  longissimus  thoracis  (LT),  psoas  major  (PM),  and  triceps  brachii  (TB).  Muscle-specific  differences  in  the  rate  and  extent  of  pH  decline,  rate  of  temperature  decline,  instrumental  color,  tenderness,  water-holding  capacity,  proteolytic  changes  during  postmortem  aging,  and  eating  experience  were  evaluated  in  a  contemporary  group  of  fifteen  pigs.  Our  results  demonstrated  that  pork  quality  traits,  postmortem  proteolysis,  and  eating  experience  varied  by  muscle.  Muscle-specific  responses  to  changes  in  endpoint  cooking  temperature,  particularly  in  Warner-Bratzler  shear  force  (WBSF)  and  sensory  traits,  highlight  the  need  to  tailor  processing  strategies  such  as  aging  time  and  endpoint  cooking  temperature  to  individual  muscle  cuts.Beyond  intrinsic  factors  influencing  pork  quality,  it  is  critical  to  understand  the  impact  of  external  factors,  such  as  freezing/thawing  and  endpoint  cooking  temperature,  on  quality  attributes.  Repeated  freezing  and  thawing  events  may  occur  in  both  food  service  and  retail  settings  as  well  as  at  the  consumer-level,  which  could  lead  to  physiological  and  biochemical  damage  in  muscle  systems.  Additionally,  endpoint  cooking  temperature  has  been  recognized  as  a  key  determinant  of  consumer  eating  satisfaction  of  fresh  pork.  However,  limited  research  has  explored  the  combined  effects  of  freezing  and  endpoint  cooking  temperature  on  pork  quality.  Therefore,  the  objective  of  the  second  study  was  to  investigate  the  influence  of  freezing/thawing  and  endpoint  cooking  temperature  on  the  instrumental  tenderness  and  water-holding  capacity  of  aged  pork  loins.  Pork  loins  (LTL;  n=  64)  were  sectioned  into  four  8-cm  thick  portions  and  randomly  assigned  to  one  of  four  aging/freezing  treatments:  A14-NF  (aged  14  d,  never  frozen),  A21-NF  (aged  21  d,  never  frozen),  A21-F1  (aged  14  d,  one  freeze-thaw  event,  plus  7  additional  d  of  aging),  and  A21-F2  (aged  14  d,  one  freeze-thaw  event,  plus  7  additional  d  of  aging,  followed  by  a  second  freeze-thaw  event).  Repeated  freezing  and  thawing  decreased  WBSF  of  pork  chops  when  cooked  to  an  endpoint  cooking  temperature  of  71°C,  however  had  minimal  effect  at  when  cooked  to  an  endpoint  cooking  temperature  of  63°C,  indicating  that  endpoint  cooking  temperature  had  a  greater  impact  on  tenderness  and  water-holding  capacity  than  freezing  events,  as  well  as  the  pork  quality  traits  measured  in  this  study  (pH,  color,  or  marbling).Desmin  and  troponin-T  serve  as  indicators  of  overall  postmortem  proteolysis  and  molecular  biomarkers  for  important  meat  quality  traits  such  as  tenderness  and  water-holding  capacity.  However,  the  impact  of  endpoint  cooking  temperature  on  the  quantification  of  desmin  and  troponin-T,  as  well  as  the  relationship  between  their  degradation  patterns  and  the  tenderness  of  cooked  pork  loins,  have  not  been  characterized.  Therefore,  the  objectives  of  the  third  study  were  to  determine  the  influence  of  extended  aging  and  endpoint  cooking  temperature  on  pork  tenderness,  and  to  compare  the  abundance  of  desmin  and  troponin-T  in  pork  loins  cooked  to  different  endpoint  temperatures.  Pork  loins  (LTL;  n=  24)  were  divided  into  two  sections  and  randomly  assigned  to  either  14  d  or  21  d  postmortem  aging.  While  the  abundance  of  intact  desmin,  38  kDa  degraded  desmin,  intact  troponin-T,  and  28  kDa  and  30  kDa  degraded  troponin-T  were  not  influenced  by  postmortem  aging  or  endpoint  cooking  temperatures,  the  ratio  of  degraded  to  intact  forms  varied  with  endpoint  cooking  temperature.  Thus,  cooked  samples  prepared  at  the  same  endpoint  temperature  can  be  used  for  evaluation  of  desmin  and  troponin-T  proteolysis,  but  researchers  should  be  careful  when  using  samples  cooked  to  difference  endpoint  temperatures.Ultimate  pH  and  tenderness  are  considered  as  the  most  predictive  pork  quality  traits  for  sensory  attributes  of  pork  loins.  Pork  loin  (LTL)  and  pork  tenderloin  (PM)  differ  significantly  in  muscle  fiber  composition,  energy  metabolism,  glycolytic  potential,  mitochondrial  apoptosis,  myofibrillar  protein  degradation,  the  rate  and  extent  of  pH  decline,  instrumental  tenderness,  and  sensory  traits.  However,  the  relationship  between  meat  quality  and  sensory  traits  of  pork  tenderloins  (PM)  has  not  been  reported  previously.  Therefore,  the  fourth  study  aimed  to  evaluate  the  association  between  pork  quality  traits,  particularly  ultimate  pH  and  WBSF,  and  the  sensory  attributes  of  the  pork  tenderloin.  Pork  tenderloins  (n  =  103)  were  evaluated  for  instrumental  color,  ultimate  pH,  WBSF,  cooking  loss,  trained  sensory  attributes,  and  desmin  degradation.  Moreover,  tenderloins  were  categorized  by  differences  in  ultimate  pH  and  WBSF  values,  respectively.  The  results  suggested  that  pork  tenderloins  with  greater  ultimate  pH  were  perceived  as  juicier  and  more  tender,  while  those  with  lower  WBSF  were  rated  as  more  tender.  In  general,  ultimate  pH  and  WBSF  collectively  influenced  sensory  traits  of  pork  tenderloins,  with  tenderloins  exhibiting  a  pH    5.80  or  WBSF    2.5  kg  generally  deemed  acceptable  by  panelists.  However,  desmin  degradation  did  not  correspond  with  variations  in  pH  or  WBSF,  highlighting  the  need  for  further  research  to  improve  prediction  of  sensory  quality  and  establish  product  specifications.In  conclusion,  these  findings  highlight  the  complex  interactions  among  muscle  type,  processing  method,  and  meat  quality  attributes,  emphasizing  the  importance  of  tailored  strategies  to  optimize  fresh  pork  quality.  To  improve  consumer  acceptance  and  encourage  greater  utilization  of  fresh  pork,  a  greater  understanding  of  the  underlying  mechanisms  influencing  quality  traits  in  specific  muscles  is  warranted.  In  particular,  it  is  critical  to  investigate  how  individual  muscles  respond  to  various  cooking  techniques-including  cooking  time  and  endpoint  temperature-as  well  as  to  freezing  and  postmortem  aging.  Additionally,  identifying  broader  sources  of  variation  beyond  traditional  measures  such  as  instrumental  tenderness,  pH,  color,  and  desmin  proteolysis  may  improve  the  ability  to  predict  eating  quality  of  individual  muscle  cuts.  Future  research  should  continue  to  explore  the  primary  drivers  of  eating  experience  and  consumer  perception  to  support  the  development  of  pork  products  that  consistently  meet  expectations  across  a  diverse  range  of  offerings.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aAnimal  sciences
■650  4▼aFood  science
■650  4▼aPackaging
■653    ▼aPork  quality
■653    ▼aPostmortem  metabolism
■653    ▼aTriceps  brachii
■653    ▼aLongissimus  thoracis
■690    ▼a0475
■690    ▼a0359
■690    ▼a0549
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bAnimal  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17361103▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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