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The Role of the Motor System in Speech and Language in Autism
The Role of the Motor System in Speech and Language in Autism
The Role of the Motor System in Speech and Language in Autism

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103521
ISBN  
9798280718326
DDC  
153
저자명  
O'Brien, Amanda M.
서명/저자  
The Role of the Motor System in Speech and Language in Autism
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
212 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gabrieli, John D. E.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Communication challenges in autism are often attributed to social and cognitive factors, but emerging research suggests that motor processes also play a critical role. Despite growing interest in this area, the brain and behavioral underpinnings of speech-motor differences in autism, and their relationship to language, remain poorly understood. The present dissertation examined how motor system differences in the brain contribute to speech and language challenges in autistic individuals who use speech to communicate. This work integrated studies that bridge brain and behavior, while also incorporating the perspectives of autistic people.The first study examined how three key language-relevant brain networks - speech perception, working memory, and speech production networks - related to language challenges in autistic children. FMRI results revealed that autistic children showed atypical and reduced engagement of the speech production network, but not more traditional language processing regions, during nonword repetition. This atypical motor engagement correlated with poorer task performance, higher autism traits, and lower social communication skills. The second study built on this finding to explore how motor system differences impact speech and language in autism beyond nonword repetition. Research in nonautistic individuals, including lesion-based work, has suggested the importance of key motor regions in both the production and perception of prosody. Thus, we turned to prosody as an area of language that may be impacted by brain-based motor differences. Prosody - the use of pitch, duration, and loudness in speech - plays a key role in communication, and atypical prosody is commonly noted in autism. Study two revealed that autistic individuals reported greater challenges with prosody, and that these challenges were strongly correlated with autism traits in both autistic and nonautistic adults. Acoustic analyses showed that the autistic participants produced speech with atypical timing, with longer pauses and a slower speech rate, during a spontaneous picture description task. Notably, diadochokinetic and articulation rate did not differ between groups, suggesting that these prosody differences were unlikely due to an underlying speech-motor disorder (e.g., apraxia of speech), but may stem from broader motor system differences. The third study further examined the motor-based brain differences in autism, by first precisely localizing each participants' speech production regions, and then examining how these functionally-defined regions were engaged during prosody perception. Results from this fMRI study revealed that nonautistic individuals engaged several of the same functional regions for speech production as prosody perception (i.e., listening to sentences with dynamic versus flat pitch contours). In contrast, autistic individuals showed a reduced activation in these regions. Significant group differences emerged across several motor regions, including the supplementary motor area. Moreover, activation in motor regions during prosody perception was positively correlated with participants' accuracy on an out-of-scanner prosody perception task, highlighting the behavioral relevance of this motor activation.Taken together, these studies provide evidence that atypical engagement of the motor system contributes to language differences in autism. By reframing language differences in autism through the lens of speech motor system function, this dissertation offers new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying language challenges. These findings lay a foundation for future research aimed at supporting autistic communication.
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
일반주제명  
Developmental psychology
일반주제명  
Speech therapy
일반주제명  
Disability studies
키워드  
Autism
키워드  
Language
키워드  
Motor system
키워드  
Nonword repetition
키워드  
Prosody
키워드  
Speech
기타저자  
Harvard University Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aO'Brien,  Amanda  M.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-5350-5457
■24510▼aThe  Role  of  the  Motor  System  in  Speech  and  Language  in  Autism
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a212  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gabrieli,  John  D.  E.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aCommunication  challenges  in  autism  are  often  attributed  to  social  and  cognitive  factors,  but  emerging  research  suggests  that  motor  processes  also  play  a  critical  role.  Despite  growing  interest  in  this  area,  the  brain  and  behavioral  underpinnings  of  speech-motor  differences  in  autism,  and  their  relationship  to  language,  remain  poorly  understood.  The  present  dissertation  examined  how  motor  system  differences  in  the  brain  contribute  to  speech  and  language  challenges  in  autistic  individuals  who  use  speech  to  communicate.  This  work  integrated  studies  that  bridge  brain  and  behavior,  while  also  incorporating  the  perspectives  of  autistic  people.The  first  study  examined  how  three  key  language-relevant  brain  networks  -  speech  perception,  working  memory,  and  speech  production  networks  -  related  to  language  challenges  in  autistic  children.  FMRI  results  revealed  that  autistic  children  showed  atypical  and  reduced  engagement  of  the  speech  production  network,  but  not  more  traditional  language  processing  regions,  during  nonword  repetition.  This  atypical  motor  engagement  correlated  with  poorer  task  performance,  higher  autism  traits,  and  lower  social  communication  skills.  The  second  study  built  on  this  finding  to  explore  how  motor  system  differences  impact  speech  and  language  in  autism  beyond  nonword  repetition.  Research  in  nonautistic  individuals,  including  lesion-based  work,  has  suggested  the  importance  of  key  motor  regions  in  both  the  production  and  perception  of  prosody.  Thus,  we  turned  to  prosody  as  an  area  of  language  that  may  be  impacted  by  brain-based  motor  differences.  Prosody  -  the  use  of  pitch,  duration,  and  loudness  in  speech  -  plays  a  key  role  in  communication,  and  atypical  prosody  is  commonly  noted  in  autism.  Study  two  revealed  that  autistic  individuals  reported  greater  challenges  with  prosody,  and  that  these  challenges  were  strongly  correlated  with  autism  traits  in  both  autistic  and  nonautistic  adults.  Acoustic  analyses  showed  that  the  autistic  participants  produced  speech  with  atypical  timing,  with  longer  pauses  and  a  slower  speech  rate,  during  a  spontaneous  picture  description  task.  Notably,  diadochokinetic  and  articulation  rate  did  not  differ  between  groups,  suggesting  that  these  prosody  differences  were  unlikely  due  to  an  underlying  speech-motor  disorder  (e.g.,  apraxia  of  speech),  but  may  stem  from  broader  motor  system  differences.  The  third  study  further  examined  the  motor-based  brain  differences  in  autism,  by  first  precisely  localizing  each  participants'  speech  production  regions,  and  then  examining  how  these  functionally-defined  regions  were  engaged  during  prosody  perception.  Results  from  this  fMRI  study  revealed  that  nonautistic  individuals  engaged  several  of  the  same  functional  regions  for  speech  production  as  prosody  perception  (i.e.,  listening  to  sentences  with  dynamic  versus  flat  pitch  contours).  In  contrast,  autistic  individuals  showed  a  reduced  activation  in  these  regions.  Significant  group  differences  emerged  across  several  motor  regions,  including  the  supplementary  motor  area.  Moreover,  activation  in  motor  regions  during  prosody  perception  was  positively  correlated  with  participants'  accuracy  on  an  out-of-scanner  prosody  perception  task,  highlighting  the  behavioral  relevance  of  this  motor  activation.Taken  together,  these  studies  provide  evidence  that  atypical  engagement  of  the  motor  system  contributes  to  language  differences  in  autism.  By  reframing  language  differences  in  autism  through  the  lens  of  speech  motor  system  function,  this  dissertation  offers  new  insights  into  the  neurobiological  mechanisms  underlying  language  challenges.  These  findings  lay  a  foundation  for  future  research  aimed  at  supporting  autistic  communication.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  psychology
■650  4▼aSpeech  therapy
■650  4▼aDisability  studies
■653    ▼aAutism
■653    ▼aLanguage
■653    ▼aMotor  system
■653    ▼aNonword  repetition
■653    ▼aProsody
■653    ▼aSpeech
■690    ▼a0633
■690    ▼a0620
■690    ▼a0460
■690    ▼a0201
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bSpeech  and  Hearing  Bioscience  and  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12A.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357506▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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