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Waiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity
Waiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity
Waiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103510
ISBN  
9798288863684
DDC  
320
저자명  
Chaudhry, Raheem.
서명/저자  
Waiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
204 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hoynes, Hilary;Johnson, Rucker.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Social scientists have long been interested in whether an individual's neighborhood environment affects their long-term well-being (e.g., Wilson, 1987; Mayer and Jencks, 1990). More recently, a large body of literature has established a causal relationship between individuals' environments in childhood and their long-term social and economic outcomes (see Chyn and Katz, 2021, for a recent review). Concurrently, there has been growing demand for policy interventions that improve individuals' neighborhood environments, either by helping them move to higher opportunity neighborhoods or by investing in the places where they already live. In this dissertation, I study three distinct policies that shape where people live in ways that have implications for their long-term well-being.In the first chapter, "From Marcy to Madison Square? The Long-Run Effects of Growing Up in Public Housing," I explore the effects of growing up in public housing in New York City on children's long-run outcomes. The public housing program, the nation's oldest major federal rental assistance program, provides government-owned housing at subsidized rents to disadvantaged families. This program directly determines individuals' environments by determining their physical home environment and the neighborhood in which they live. In this chapter, I use linked administrative data and exploit variation in the age children move into public housing to estimate the effects of spending an additional year of childhood in public housing on a range of economic and social outcomes in early adulthood. I find that childhood exposure to public housing improves labor market outcomes and reduces participation in federal safety net programs, particularly for children from the most disadvantaged families. Additionally, I find there is some heterogeneity in impacts across public housing developments. Developments located in neighborhoods with relatively fewer renters and higher household incomes are better for children overall. An estimate of the marginal value of public funds suggests that for every $1 the government spends per child on public housing, children receive $1.40 in benefits, including $2.30 for children from the most disadvantaged families. This research underscores the potential of government programs to place individuals in environments good for their long-term economic mobility.The second chapter, "The Effects of Minority Enfranchisement on Public Finances and the Structure of Government," examines how the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA), which sought to eliminate racial discrimination in the voting process, affected local public finances and government fragmentation. Voting rights and political institutions determine who has a voice in shaping how resources are allocated within a community. These investments in a community, in turn, affect the well-being of their residents and determine the opportunities available to them. Previous research finds the VRA was successful in increasing the political power of Black communities. In this chapter, I analyze the broader effects of minority enfranchisement by exploiting spatial discontinuities in the application of special provisions of the VRA. I find that among counties targeted by these special provisions, those with larger non-white population shares exhibited relative declines in revenues and expenditures, and relative increases in government fragmentation. An analysis of mechanisms suggests that declines in revenues were not primarily mechanical responses to changes in the tax base, but were instead likely due to changing preferences for public goods. This research shows that local communities may respond to the enfranchisement of vulnerable populations in ways that undercut enfranchisement's goals.In the third chapter, "The Local Effects of Relaxing Minimum Lot Sizes on Housing Markets and Neighborhoods," I study the effects of a reform that relaxed land-use regulations on local housing markets and neighborhood composition. Strict land-use regulations restrict housing supply and raise prices. Relaxing land-use regulations is often proposed as a way to promote development, which may in turn place downward pressure on prices, at least in the aggregate. Both of these changes could make housing in higher opportunity areas more accessible to a broader range of families. In this chapter, I study Houston's 1998 subdivision reform, which relaxed minimum lot sizes in parts of the city. I exploit the spatial discontinuity in where the reform was targeted and use a difference-in-differences design to analyze the effects of the reform on housing markets and neighborhood composition within the city. I find that, where minimum lot sizes were relaxed, housing supply increased and average lot sizes decreased. At the same time, home prices increased in areas targeted by the reform relative to nearby places not affected by the reform. Moreover, I find that targeted neighborhoods became more socioeconomically advantaged over time. This research shows how relaxing land-use regulations may have nuanced effects on local housing markets and neighborhoods that may not have straightforward implications for equity, particularly at the local level.Taken together, these three chapters illustrate the ways policy can shape individuals' surroundings in ways that may affect their long-term well-being. By shedding light on the ways in which different policies may shape access to opportunity, highlighting potential heterogeneity in their effects, and revealing the nuanced ways in which individuals, markets, and institutions may respond to policy, this research offers insights that may help policymakers design policies that are more effective for promoting social and economic mobility.
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Inequality
키워드  
Intergenerational mobility
키워드  
Place-based policy
키워드  
Poverty
키워드  
Racial inequality
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Public Policy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aChaudhry,  Raheem.
■24510▼aWaiting  for  Tiebout:  Essays  on  Policy,  Place,  and  Opportunity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a204  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hoynes,  Hilary;Johnson,  Rucker.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aSocial  scientists  have  long  been  interested  in  whether  an  individual's  neighborhood  environment  affects  their  long-term  well-being  (e.g.,  Wilson,  1987;  Mayer  and  Jencks,  1990).  More  recently,  a  large  body  of  literature  has  established  a  causal  relationship  between  individuals'  environments  in  childhood  and  their  long-term  social  and  economic  outcomes  (see  Chyn  and  Katz,  2021,  for  a  recent  review).  Concurrently,  there  has  been  growing  demand  for  policy  interventions  that  improve  individuals'  neighborhood  environments,  either  by  helping  them  move  to  higher  opportunity  neighborhoods  or  by  investing  in  the  places  where  they  already  live.  In  this  dissertation,  I  study  three  distinct  policies  that  shape  where  people  live  in  ways  that  have  implications  for  their  long-term  well-being.In  the  first  chapter,  "From  Marcy  to  Madison  Square?  The  Long-Run  Effects  of  Growing  Up  in  Public  Housing,"  I  explore  the  effects  of  growing  up  in  public  housing  in  New  York  City  on  children's  long-run  outcomes.  The  public  housing  program,  the  nation's  oldest  major  federal  rental  assistance  program,  provides  government-owned  housing  at  subsidized  rents  to  disadvantaged  families.  This  program  directly  determines  individuals'  environments  by  determining  their  physical  home  environment  and  the  neighborhood  in  which  they  live.  In  this  chapter,  I  use  linked  administrative  data  and  exploit  variation  in  the  age  children  move  into  public  housing  to  estimate  the  effects  of  spending  an  additional  year  of  childhood  in  public  housing  on  a  range  of  economic  and  social  outcomes  in  early  adulthood.  I  find  that  childhood  exposure  to  public  housing  improves  labor  market  outcomes  and  reduces  participation  in  federal  safety  net  programs,  particularly  for  children  from  the  most  disadvantaged  families.  Additionally,  I  find  there  is  some  heterogeneity  in  impacts  across  public  housing  developments.  Developments  located  in  neighborhoods  with  relatively  fewer  renters  and  higher  household  incomes  are  better  for  children  overall.  An  estimate  of  the  marginal  value  of  public  funds  suggests  that  for  every  $1  the  government  spends  per  child  on  public  housing,  children  receive  $1.40  in  benefits,  including  $2.30  for  children  from  the  most  disadvantaged  families.  This  research  underscores  the  potential  of  government  programs  to  place  individuals  in  environments  good  for  their  long-term  economic  mobility.The  second  chapter,  "The  Effects  of  Minority  Enfranchisement  on  Public  Finances  and  the  Structure  of  Government,"  examines  how  the  Voting  Rights  Act  of  1965  (VRA),  which  sought  to  eliminate  racial  discrimination  in  the  voting  process,  affected  local  public  finances  and  government  fragmentation.  Voting  rights  and  political  institutions  determine  who  has  a  voice  in  shaping  how  resources  are  allocated  within  a  community.  These  investments  in  a  community,  in  turn,  affect  the  well-being  of  their  residents  and  determine  the  opportunities  available  to  them.  Previous  research  finds  the  VRA  was  successful  in  increasing  the  political  power  of  Black  communities.  In  this  chapter,  I  analyze  the  broader  effects  of  minority  enfranchisement  by  exploiting  spatial  discontinuities  in  the  application  of  special  provisions  of  the  VRA.  I  find  that  among  counties  targeted  by  these  special  provisions,  those  with  larger  non-white  population  shares  exhibited  relative  declines  in  revenues  and  expenditures,  and  relative  increases  in  government  fragmentation.  An  analysis  of  mechanisms  suggests  that  declines  in  revenues  were  not  primarily  mechanical  responses  to  changes  in  the  tax  base,  but  were  instead  likely  due  to  changing  preferences  for  public  goods.  This  research  shows  that  local  communities  may  respond  to  the  enfranchisement  of  vulnerable  populations  in  ways  that  undercut  enfranchisement's  goals.In  the  third  chapter,  "The  Local  Effects  of  Relaxing  Minimum  Lot  Sizes  on  Housing  Markets  and  Neighborhoods,"  I  study  the  effects  of  a  reform  that  relaxed  land-use  regulations  on  local  housing  markets  and  neighborhood  composition.  Strict  land-use  regulations  restrict  housing  supply  and  raise  prices.  Relaxing  land-use  regulations  is  often  proposed  as  a  way  to  promote  development,  which  may  in  turn  place  downward  pressure  on  prices,  at  least  in  the  aggregate.  Both  of  these  changes  could  make  housing  in  higher  opportunity  areas  more  accessible  to  a  broader  range  of  families.  In  this  chapter,  I  study  Houston's  1998  subdivision  reform,  which  relaxed  minimum  lot  sizes  in  parts  of  the  city.  I  exploit  the  spatial  discontinuity  in  where  the  reform  was  targeted  and  use  a  difference-in-differences  design  to  analyze  the  effects  of  the  reform  on  housing  markets  and  neighborhood  composition  within  the  city.  I  find  that,  where  minimum  lot  sizes  were  relaxed,  housing  supply  increased  and  average  lot  sizes  decreased.  At  the  same  time,  home  prices  increased  in  areas  targeted  by  the  reform  relative  to  nearby  places  not  affected  by  the  reform.  Moreover,  I  find  that  targeted  neighborhoods  became  more  socioeconomically  advantaged  over  time.  This  research  shows  how  relaxing  land-use  regulations  may  have  nuanced  effects  on  local  housing  markets  and  neighborhoods  that  may  not  have  straightforward  implications  for  equity,  particularly  at  the  local  level.Taken  together,  these  three  chapters  illustrate  the  ways  policy  can  shape  individuals'  surroundings  in  ways  that  may  affect  their  long-term  well-being.  By  shedding  light  on  the  ways  in  which  different  policies  may  shape  access  to  opportunity,  highlighting  potential  heterogeneity  in  their  effects,  and  revealing  the  nuanced  ways  in  which  individuals,  markets,  and  institutions  may  respond  to  policy,  this  research  offers  insights  that  may  help  policymakers  design  policies  that  are  more  effective  for  promoting  social  and  economic  mobility.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aInequality
■653    ▼aIntergenerational  mobility
■653    ▼aPlace-based  policy
■653    ▼aPoverty
■653    ▼aRacial  inequality
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0511
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bPublic  Policy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01A.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357429▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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