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Waiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity
Waiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103510
- ISBN
- 9798288863684
- DDC
- 320
- 서명/저자
- Waiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 204 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Hoynes, Hilary;Johnson, Rucker.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Social scientists have long been interested in whether an individual's neighborhood environment affects their long-term well-being (e.g., Wilson, 1987; Mayer and Jencks, 1990). More recently, a large body of literature has established a causal relationship between individuals' environments in childhood and their long-term social and economic outcomes (see Chyn and Katz, 2021, for a recent review). Concurrently, there has been growing demand for policy interventions that improve individuals' neighborhood environments, either by helping them move to higher opportunity neighborhoods or by investing in the places where they already live. In this dissertation, I study three distinct policies that shape where people live in ways that have implications for their long-term well-being.In the first chapter, "From Marcy to Madison Square? The Long-Run Effects of Growing Up in Public Housing," I explore the effects of growing up in public housing in New York City on children's long-run outcomes. The public housing program, the nation's oldest major federal rental assistance program, provides government-owned housing at subsidized rents to disadvantaged families. This program directly determines individuals' environments by determining their physical home environment and the neighborhood in which they live. In this chapter, I use linked administrative data and exploit variation in the age children move into public housing to estimate the effects of spending an additional year of childhood in public housing on a range of economic and social outcomes in early adulthood. I find that childhood exposure to public housing improves labor market outcomes and reduces participation in federal safety net programs, particularly for children from the most disadvantaged families. Additionally, I find there is some heterogeneity in impacts across public housing developments. Developments located in neighborhoods with relatively fewer renters and higher household incomes are better for children overall. An estimate of the marginal value of public funds suggests that for every $1 the government spends per child on public housing, children receive $1.40 in benefits, including $2.30 for children from the most disadvantaged families. This research underscores the potential of government programs to place individuals in environments good for their long-term economic mobility.The second chapter, "The Effects of Minority Enfranchisement on Public Finances and the Structure of Government," examines how the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA), which sought to eliminate racial discrimination in the voting process, affected local public finances and government fragmentation. Voting rights and political institutions determine who has a voice in shaping how resources are allocated within a community. These investments in a community, in turn, affect the well-being of their residents and determine the opportunities available to them. Previous research finds the VRA was successful in increasing the political power of Black communities. In this chapter, I analyze the broader effects of minority enfranchisement by exploiting spatial discontinuities in the application of special provisions of the VRA. I find that among counties targeted by these special provisions, those with larger non-white population shares exhibited relative declines in revenues and expenditures, and relative increases in government fragmentation. An analysis of mechanisms suggests that declines in revenues were not primarily mechanical responses to changes in the tax base, but were instead likely due to changing preferences for public goods. This research shows that local communities may respond to the enfranchisement of vulnerable populations in ways that undercut enfranchisement's goals.In the third chapter, "The Local Effects of Relaxing Minimum Lot Sizes on Housing Markets and Neighborhoods," I study the effects of a reform that relaxed land-use regulations on local housing markets and neighborhood composition. Strict land-use regulations restrict housing supply and raise prices. Relaxing land-use regulations is often proposed as a way to promote development, which may in turn place downward pressure on prices, at least in the aggregate. Both of these changes could make housing in higher opportunity areas more accessible to a broader range of families. In this chapter, I study Houston's 1998 subdivision reform, which relaxed minimum lot sizes in parts of the city. I exploit the spatial discontinuity in where the reform was targeted and use a difference-in-differences design to analyze the effects of the reform on housing markets and neighborhood composition within the city. I find that, where minimum lot sizes were relaxed, housing supply increased and average lot sizes decreased. At the same time, home prices increased in areas targeted by the reform relative to nearby places not affected by the reform. Moreover, I find that targeted neighborhoods became more socioeconomically advantaged over time. This research shows how relaxing land-use regulations may have nuanced effects on local housing markets and neighborhoods that may not have straightforward implications for equity, particularly at the local level.Taken together, these three chapters illustrate the ways policy can shape individuals' surroundings in ways that may affect their long-term well-being. By shedding light on the ways in which different policies may shape access to opportunity, highlighting potential heterogeneity in their effects, and revealing the nuanced ways in which individuals, markets, and institutions may respond to policy, this research offers insights that may help policymakers design policies that are more effective for promoting social and economic mobility.
- 일반주제명
- Public policy
- 키워드
- Inequality
- 키워드
- Poverty
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Public Policy
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798288863684
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a320
■1001 ▼aChaudhry, Raheem.
■24510▼aWaiting for Tiebout: Essays on Policy, Place, and Opportunity
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a204 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Hoynes, Hilary;Johnson, Rucker.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
■520 ▼aSocial scientists have long been interested in whether an individual's neighborhood environment affects their long-term well-being (e.g., Wilson, 1987; Mayer and Jencks, 1990). More recently, a large body of literature has established a causal relationship between individuals' environments in childhood and their long-term social and economic outcomes (see Chyn and Katz, 2021, for a recent review). Concurrently, there has been growing demand for policy interventions that improve individuals' neighborhood environments, either by helping them move to higher opportunity neighborhoods or by investing in the places where they already live. In this dissertation, I study three distinct policies that shape where people live in ways that have implications for their long-term well-being.In the first chapter, "From Marcy to Madison Square? The Long-Run Effects of Growing Up in Public Housing," I explore the effects of growing up in public housing in New York City on children's long-run outcomes. The public housing program, the nation's oldest major federal rental assistance program, provides government-owned housing at subsidized rents to disadvantaged families. This program directly determines individuals' environments by determining their physical home environment and the neighborhood in which they live. In this chapter, I use linked administrative data and exploit variation in the age children move into public housing to estimate the effects of spending an additional year of childhood in public housing on a range of economic and social outcomes in early adulthood. I find that childhood exposure to public housing improves labor market outcomes and reduces participation in federal safety net programs, particularly for children from the most disadvantaged families. Additionally, I find there is some heterogeneity in impacts across public housing developments. Developments located in neighborhoods with relatively fewer renters and higher household incomes are better for children overall. An estimate of the marginal value of public funds suggests that for every $1 the government spends per child on public housing, children receive $1.40 in benefits, including $2.30 for children from the most disadvantaged families. This research underscores the potential of government programs to place individuals in environments good for their long-term economic mobility.The second chapter, "The Effects of Minority Enfranchisement on Public Finances and the Structure of Government," examines how the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA), which sought to eliminate racial discrimination in the voting process, affected local public finances and government fragmentation. Voting rights and political institutions determine who has a voice in shaping how resources are allocated within a community. These investments in a community, in turn, affect the well-being of their residents and determine the opportunities available to them. Previous research finds the VRA was successful in increasing the political power of Black communities. In this chapter, I analyze the broader effects of minority enfranchisement by exploiting spatial discontinuities in the application of special provisions of the VRA. I find that among counties targeted by these special provisions, those with larger non-white population shares exhibited relative declines in revenues and expenditures, and relative increases in government fragmentation. An analysis of mechanisms suggests that declines in revenues were not primarily mechanical responses to changes in the tax base, but were instead likely due to changing preferences for public goods. This research shows that local communities may respond to the enfranchisement of vulnerable populations in ways that undercut enfranchisement's goals.In the third chapter, "The Local Effects of Relaxing Minimum Lot Sizes on Housing Markets and Neighborhoods," I study the effects of a reform that relaxed land-use regulations on local housing markets and neighborhood composition. Strict land-use regulations restrict housing supply and raise prices. Relaxing land-use regulations is often proposed as a way to promote development, which may in turn place downward pressure on prices, at least in the aggregate. Both of these changes could make housing in higher opportunity areas more accessible to a broader range of families. In this chapter, I study Houston's 1998 subdivision reform, which relaxed minimum lot sizes in parts of the city. I exploit the spatial discontinuity in where the reform was targeted and use a difference-in-differences design to analyze the effects of the reform on housing markets and neighborhood composition within the city. I find that, where minimum lot sizes were relaxed, housing supply increased and average lot sizes decreased. At the same time, home prices increased in areas targeted by the reform relative to nearby places not affected by the reform. Moreover, I find that targeted neighborhoods became more socioeconomically advantaged over time. This research shows how relaxing land-use regulations may have nuanced effects on local housing markets and neighborhoods that may not have straightforward implications for equity, particularly at the local level.Taken together, these three chapters illustrate the ways policy can shape individuals' surroundings in ways that may affect their long-term well-being. By shedding light on the ways in which different policies may shape access to opportunity, highlighting potential heterogeneity in their effects, and revealing the nuanced ways in which individuals, markets, and institutions may respond to policy, this research offers insights that may help policymakers design policies that are more effective for promoting social and economic mobility.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aPublic policy
■653 ▼aInequality
■653 ▼aIntergenerational mobility
■653 ▼aPlace-based policy
■653 ▼aPoverty
■653 ▼aRacial inequality
■690 ▼a0630
■690 ▼a0501
■690 ▼a0511
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bPublic Policy.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01A.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357429▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


