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Unlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activation
Unlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activation
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103514
- ISBN
- 9798315798286
- DDC
- 616.4
- 저자명
- Kubo, Hana.
- 서명/저자
- Unlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activation
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Northwestern University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 142 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Laronda, Monica M.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Granulosa cells are critical for the functions of the ovary during both fetal development and postnatal life. Largely their two main roles are producing steroid and peptide hormones and supporting germs cells through oogenesis, which is the process of developing a fertilizable egg. These functions are critical in the onset of puberty, maintenance of fertility, and overall aspects of wellness such as cardiovascular, neurological, and bone health. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the developmental changes that granulosa cells undergo from fetal development till the end of the reproductive healthspan.Many mechanisms involved in ovarian development have been identified, but one major black box is the activation of the key ovarian driver FOXL2. While several key drivers or antagonists of FOXL2 expression have been identified in genetic mouse models, we must validate these in human models for translatability. Separately, there is a clinical need to increase options for patients who require hormone replacement therapy that would better mimic functional ovaries and a biological need for better models of human ovaries.To achieve the above, we aimed to develop granulosa-like cells (GLCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using a ligand-based approach. We designed a rapid ligand-based monolayer protocol for differentiating hiPSCs into cells that express markers of the transient developmental lineages and steroidogenic pathway genes. Our data demonstrates that inhibition of DKK1 is effective in upregulating FOXL2 expression in our culture system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that granulosa cell genes are expressed throughout differentiation. HSD17B1 is expressed but at low levels, suggesting an immature granulosa cell phenotype. The GLCs are produced through a simple culture and could be expanded to support granulosa cell functions in the future.Granulosa cells are also key in the development of a fertilizable egg. Folliculogenesis, which is the process where oocytes, with support from the granulosa and theca cells, mature to generate a fertilizable egg. Folliculogenesis encompasses many stages as the somatic granulosa and theca cells support oocytes through growth and maturation. A novel follicle stage, between primordial and transitional stages, was identified in mice and defined as "zip." Like all other follicle stages, the zip stage is characterized by its granulosa cell morphology. Zip follicles are marked by two "wedge" shaped granulosa cells adjacent to each other, marking the transition from a squamous to cuboidal morphology. The wedge granulosa cell morphology in zip follicles is predicted to be the first granulosa cell division and is the first morphometric sign of follicle activation in murine ovaries. To assess the biological importance of the wedge morphology of granulosa cells during mammalian follicle activation, we assessed histological sections of porcine, bovine, rhesus monkey, and human ovaries. Zip and transitional stages were conserved in all four species, and several growth dynamics characterized at these follicle stages were conserved between species. Oocyte diameter and area increased between the primordial and transitional stages in the porcine ovary and between the primordial and primary stages in the rhesus monkey ovary but appeared unchanged in bovine and human ovaries. In all species except for pigs, granulosa cell number and height increased at stages earlier than observed changes in the oocyte. Furthermore, there were differences in the percentage of zip and transitional follicle stages present in the cortical region across species. This implies that there may be species-dependent activation and growth mechanisms that require further study. The first aim demonstrated that DKK1 may regulate FOXL2 expression during human ovarian development. The developed hiPSC protocol is the first step toward investigating ovarian development mechanisms in humans and generating GLCs for ovarian endocrinology assays and personalized cell-based fertility and hormone restoration technologies that could be accessible to a larger patient population. The second aim elucidated key morphometric features in ovarian follicles during activation, which is a major bottleneck in the maturation of oocytes towards a fertilizable egg. The parameters defined here for identifying and characterizing the zip and transitional follicle stages across species can act as a tool for measuring factors that perturb or induce primordial follicle activation or effect follicle morphometric parameters in support of future innovations in assisted reproductive technologies that target the ovary. Overall, the aims in this thesis deepened our understanding of granulosa cells across the developmental and reproductive lifespan.
- 일반주제명
- Endocrinology
- 일반주제명
- Developmental biology
- 일반주제명
- Biology
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 키워드
- Fertility
- 키워드
- Granulosa cells
- 키워드
- Ovary
- 기타저자
- Northwestern University Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798315798286
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001 ▼aKubo, Hana.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-0998-2509
■24510▼aUnlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activation
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a142 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Laronda, Monica M.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2025.
■520 ▼aGranulosa cells are critical for the functions of the ovary during both fetal development and postnatal life. Largely their two main roles are producing steroid and peptide hormones and supporting germs cells through oogenesis, which is the process of developing a fertilizable egg. These functions are critical in the onset of puberty, maintenance of fertility, and overall aspects of wellness such as cardiovascular, neurological, and bone health. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the developmental changes that granulosa cells undergo from fetal development till the end of the reproductive healthspan.Many mechanisms involved in ovarian development have been identified, but one major black box is the activation of the key ovarian driver FOXL2. While several key drivers or antagonists of FOXL2 expression have been identified in genetic mouse models, we must validate these in human models for translatability. Separately, there is a clinical need to increase options for patients who require hormone replacement therapy that would better mimic functional ovaries and a biological need for better models of human ovaries.To achieve the above, we aimed to develop granulosa-like cells (GLCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using a ligand-based approach. We designed a rapid ligand-based monolayer protocol for differentiating hiPSCs into cells that express markers of the transient developmental lineages and steroidogenic pathway genes. Our data demonstrates that inhibition of DKK1 is effective in upregulating FOXL2 expression in our culture system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that granulosa cell genes are expressed throughout differentiation. HSD17B1 is expressed but at low levels, suggesting an immature granulosa cell phenotype. The GLCs are produced through a simple culture and could be expanded to support granulosa cell functions in the future.Granulosa cells are also key in the development of a fertilizable egg. Folliculogenesis, which is the process where oocytes, with support from the granulosa and theca cells, mature to generate a fertilizable egg. Folliculogenesis encompasses many stages as the somatic granulosa and theca cells support oocytes through growth and maturation. A novel follicle stage, between primordial and transitional stages, was identified in mice and defined as "zip." Like all other follicle stages, the zip stage is characterized by its granulosa cell morphology. Zip follicles are marked by two "wedge" shaped granulosa cells adjacent to each other, marking the transition from a squamous to cuboidal morphology. The wedge granulosa cell morphology in zip follicles is predicted to be the first granulosa cell division and is the first morphometric sign of follicle activation in murine ovaries. To assess the biological importance of the wedge morphology of granulosa cells during mammalian follicle activation, we assessed histological sections of porcine, bovine, rhesus monkey, and human ovaries. Zip and transitional stages were conserved in all four species, and several growth dynamics characterized at these follicle stages were conserved between species. Oocyte diameter and area increased between the primordial and transitional stages in the porcine ovary and between the primordial and primary stages in the rhesus monkey ovary but appeared unchanged in bovine and human ovaries. In all species except for pigs, granulosa cell number and height increased at stages earlier than observed changes in the oocyte. Furthermore, there were differences in the percentage of zip and transitional follicle stages present in the cortical region across species. This implies that there may be species-dependent activation and growth mechanisms that require further study. The first aim demonstrated that DKK1 may regulate FOXL2 expression during human ovarian development. The developed hiPSC protocol is the first step toward investigating ovarian development mechanisms in humans and generating GLCs for ovarian endocrinology assays and personalized cell-based fertility and hormone restoration technologies that could be accessible to a larger patient population. The second aim elucidated key morphometric features in ovarian follicles during activation, which is a major bottleneck in the maturation of oocytes towards a fertilizable egg. The parameters defined here for identifying and characterizing the zip and transitional follicle stages across species can act as a tool for measuring factors that perturb or induce primordial follicle activation or effect follicle morphometric parameters in support of future innovations in assisted reproductive technologies that target the ovary. Overall, the aims in this thesis deepened our understanding of granulosa cells across the developmental and reproductive lifespan.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0163.
■650 4▼aEndocrinology
■650 4▼aDevelopmental biology
■650 4▼aBiology
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■653 ▼aFertility
■653 ▼aGranulosa cells
■653 ▼aHormone production
■653 ▼aInduced pluripotent stem cells
■653 ▼aOvary
■690 ▼a0409
■690 ▼a0758
■690 ▼a0306
■690 ▼a0379
■71020▼aNorthwestern University▼bDriskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-12B.
■790 ▼a0163
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357451▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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