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Unlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activation
Unlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activ...
Unlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activation

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103514
ISBN  
9798315798286
DDC  
616.4
저자명  
Kubo, Hana.
서명/저자  
Unlocking the Granular Details: Creating Granulosa-Like Cells and Profiling Follicle Activation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
142 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Laronda, Monica M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Granulosa cells are critical for the functions of the ovary during both fetal development and postnatal life. Largely their two main roles are producing steroid and peptide hormones and supporting germs cells through oogenesis, which is the process of developing a fertilizable egg. These functions are critical in the onset of puberty, maintenance of fertility, and overall aspects of wellness such as cardiovascular, neurological, and bone health. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the developmental changes that granulosa cells undergo from fetal development till the end of the reproductive healthspan.Many mechanisms involved in ovarian development have been identified, but one major black box is the activation of the key ovarian driver FOXL2. While several key drivers or antagonists of FOXL2 expression have been identified in genetic mouse models, we must validate these in human models for translatability. Separately, there is a clinical need to increase options for patients who require hormone replacement therapy that would better mimic functional ovaries and a biological need for better models of human ovaries.To achieve the above, we aimed to develop granulosa-like cells (GLCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using a ligand-based approach. We designed a rapid ligand-based monolayer protocol for differentiating hiPSCs into cells that express markers of the transient developmental lineages and steroidogenic pathway genes. Our data demonstrates that inhibition of DKK1 is effective in upregulating FOXL2 expression in our culture system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that granulosa cell genes are expressed throughout differentiation. HSD17B1 is expressed but at low levels, suggesting an immature granulosa cell phenotype. The GLCs are produced through a simple culture and could be expanded to support granulosa cell functions in the future.Granulosa cells are also key in the development of a fertilizable egg. Folliculogenesis, which is the process where oocytes, with support from the granulosa and theca cells, mature to generate a fertilizable egg. Folliculogenesis encompasses many stages as the somatic granulosa and theca cells support oocytes through growth and maturation. A novel follicle stage, between primordial and transitional stages, was identified in mice and defined as "zip." Like all other follicle stages, the zip stage is characterized by its granulosa cell morphology. Zip follicles are marked by two "wedge" shaped granulosa cells adjacent to each other, marking the transition from a squamous to cuboidal morphology. The wedge granulosa cell morphology in zip follicles is predicted to be the first granulosa cell division and is the first morphometric sign of follicle activation in murine ovaries. To assess the biological importance of the wedge morphology of granulosa cells during mammalian follicle activation, we assessed histological sections of porcine, bovine, rhesus monkey, and human ovaries. Zip and transitional stages were conserved in all four species, and several growth dynamics characterized at these follicle stages were conserved between species. Oocyte diameter and area increased between the primordial and transitional stages in the porcine ovary and between the primordial and primary stages in the rhesus monkey ovary but appeared unchanged in bovine and human ovaries. In all species except for pigs, granulosa cell number and height increased at stages earlier than observed changes in the oocyte. Furthermore, there were differences in the percentage of zip and transitional follicle stages present in the cortical region across species. This implies that there may be species-dependent activation and growth mechanisms that require further study. The first aim demonstrated that DKK1 may regulate FOXL2 expression during human ovarian development. The developed hiPSC protocol is the first step toward investigating ovarian development mechanisms in humans and generating GLCs for ovarian endocrinology assays and personalized cell-based fertility and hormone restoration technologies that could be accessible to a larger patient population. The second aim elucidated key morphometric features in ovarian follicles during activation, which is a major bottleneck in the maturation of oocytes towards a fertilizable egg. The parameters defined here for identifying and characterizing the zip and transitional follicle stages across species can act as a tool for measuring factors that perturb or induce primordial follicle activation or effect follicle morphometric parameters in support of future innovations in assisted reproductive technologies that target the ovary. Overall, the aims in this thesis deepened our understanding of granulosa cells across the developmental and reproductive lifespan.
일반주제명  
Endocrinology
일반주제명  
Developmental biology
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
키워드  
Fertility
키워드  
Granulosa cells
키워드  
Hormone production
키워드  
Induced pluripotent stem cells
키워드  
Ovary
기타저자  
Northwestern University Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aKubo,  Hana.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-0998-2509
■24510▼aUnlocking  the  Granular  Details:  Creating  Granulosa-Like  Cells  and  Profiling  Follicle  Activation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a142  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Laronda,  Monica  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aGranulosa  cells  are  critical  for  the  functions  of  the  ovary  during  both  fetal  development  and  postnatal  life.  Largely  their  two  main  roles  are  producing  steroid  and  peptide  hormones  and  supporting  germs  cells  through  oogenesis,  which  is  the  process  of  developing  a  fertilizable  egg.  These  functions  are  critical  in  the  onset  of  puberty,  maintenance  of  fertility,  and  overall  aspects  of  wellness  such  as  cardiovascular,  neurological,  and  bone  health.  Therefore,  there  is  a  need  to  better  understand  the  developmental  changes  that  granulosa  cells  undergo  from  fetal  development  till  the  end  of  the  reproductive  healthspan.Many  mechanisms  involved  in  ovarian  development  have  been  identified,  but  one  major  black  box  is  the  activation  of  the  key  ovarian  driver  FOXL2.  While  several  key  drivers  or  antagonists  of  FOXL2  expression  have  been  identified  in  genetic  mouse  models,  we  must  validate  these  in  human  models  for  translatability.  Separately,  there  is  a  clinical  need  to  increase  options  for  patients  who  require  hormone  replacement  therapy  that  would  better  mimic  functional  ovaries  and  a  biological  need  for  better  models  of  human  ovaries.To  achieve  the  above,  we  aimed  to  develop  granulosa-like  cells  (GLCs)  from  human  induced  pluripotent  stem  cells  (hiPSCs)  using  a  ligand-based  approach.  We  designed  a  rapid  ligand-based  monolayer  protocol  for  differentiating  hiPSCs  into  cells  that  express  markers  of  the  transient  developmental  lineages  and  steroidogenic  pathway  genes.  Our  data  demonstrates  that  inhibition  of  DKK1  is  effective  in  upregulating  FOXL2  expression  in  our  culture  system.  Single-cell  RNA-sequencing  (scRNA-seq)  analysis  revealed  that  granulosa  cell  genes  are  expressed  throughout  differentiation.  HSD17B1  is  expressed  but  at  low  levels,  suggesting  an  immature  granulosa  cell  phenotype.  The  GLCs  are  produced  through  a  simple  culture  and  could  be  expanded  to  support  granulosa  cell  functions  in  the  future.Granulosa  cells  are  also  key  in  the  development  of  a  fertilizable  egg.  Folliculogenesis,  which  is  the  process  where  oocytes,  with  support  from  the  granulosa  and  theca  cells,  mature  to  generate  a  fertilizable  egg.  Folliculogenesis  encompasses  many  stages  as  the  somatic  granulosa  and  theca  cells  support  oocytes  through  growth  and  maturation.  A  novel  follicle  stage,  between  primordial  and  transitional  stages,  was  identified  in  mice  and  defined  as  "zip."  Like  all  other  follicle  stages,  the  zip  stage  is  characterized  by  its  granulosa  cell  morphology.  Zip  follicles  are  marked  by  two  "wedge"  shaped  granulosa  cells  adjacent  to  each  other,  marking  the  transition  from  a  squamous  to  cuboidal  morphology.  The  wedge  granulosa  cell  morphology  in  zip  follicles  is  predicted  to  be  the  first  granulosa  cell  division  and  is  the  first  morphometric  sign  of  follicle  activation  in  murine  ovaries.  To  assess  the  biological  importance  of  the  wedge  morphology  of  granulosa  cells  during  mammalian  follicle  activation,  we  assessed  histological  sections  of  porcine,  bovine,  rhesus  monkey,  and  human  ovaries.  Zip  and  transitional  stages  were  conserved  in  all  four  species,  and  several  growth  dynamics  characterized  at  these  follicle  stages  were  conserved  between  species.  Oocyte  diameter  and  area  increased  between  the  primordial  and  transitional  stages  in  the  porcine  ovary  and  between  the  primordial  and  primary  stages  in  the  rhesus  monkey  ovary  but  appeared  unchanged  in  bovine  and  human  ovaries.  In  all  species  except  for  pigs,  granulosa  cell  number  and  height  increased  at  stages  earlier  than  observed  changes  in  the  oocyte.  Furthermore,  there  were  differences  in  the  percentage  of  zip  and  transitional  follicle  stages  present  in  the  cortical  region  across  species.  This  implies  that  there  may  be  species-dependent  activation  and  growth  mechanisms  that  require  further  study.  The  first  aim  demonstrated  that  DKK1  may  regulate  FOXL2  expression  during  human  ovarian  development.  The  developed  hiPSC  protocol  is  the  first  step  toward  investigating  ovarian  development  mechanisms  in  humans  and  generating  GLCs  for  ovarian  endocrinology  assays  and  personalized  cell-based  fertility  and  hormone  restoration  technologies  that  could  be  accessible  to  a  larger  patient  population.  The  second  aim  elucidated  key  morphometric  features  in  ovarian  follicles  during  activation,  which  is  a  major  bottleneck  in  the  maturation  of  oocytes  towards  a  fertilizable  egg.  The  parameters  defined  here  for  identifying  and  characterizing  the  zip  and  transitional  follicle  stages  across  species  can  act  as  a  tool  for  measuring  factors  that  perturb  or  induce  primordial  follicle  activation  or  effect  follicle  morphometric  parameters  in  support  of  future  innovations  in  assisted  reproductive  technologies  that  target  the  ovary.  Overall,  the  aims  in  this  thesis  deepened  our  understanding  of  granulosa  cells  across  the  developmental  and  reproductive  lifespan.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aEndocrinology
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  biology
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■653    ▼aFertility
■653    ▼aGranulosa  cells
■653    ▼aHormone  production
■653    ▼aInduced  pluripotent  stem  cells
■653    ▼aOvary
■690    ▼a0409
■690    ▼a0758
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0379
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bDriskill  Graduate  Training  Program  in  Life  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357451▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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