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Essays in Microeconomic Theory, Industrial Organization, and Experimental Economics
Essays in Microeconomic Theory, Industrial Organization, and Experimental Economics
Essays in Microeconomic Theory, Industrial Organization, and Experimental Economics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102841
ISBN  
9798293887897
DDC  
152
저자명  
Vravosinos, Orestis.
서명/저자  
Essays in Microeconomic Theory, Industrial Organization, and Experimental Economics
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
265 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Madsen, Erik.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation consists of three chapters, the first in the fields of contract theory and mechanism design, the second in theoretical industrial organization and competition policy, and the third in behavioral and experimental economics.Chapter 1. The first chapter proposes a novel model of multidimensional screening, where a candidate (she) with two attributes-training and talent-chooses how much hard evidence of training to present. Then, the evaluator (he) possibly verifies at a cost the value of a composite measure of the candidate's training and talent before deciding whether to accept or reject the candidate. The candidate cannot unilaterally provide evidence of talent. The composite measure is increasing in both training and talent, and the evaluator (weakly) values both training and talent in the candidate. If the evaluator is going to verify the value of the composite measure, the candidate may have incentives to withhold evidence of training-although the evaluator values training-to influence how the evaluator interprets the composite measure. Particularly, she may want to withhold evidence of training to make the evaluator attribute the composite measure to talent instead, thereby overestimating her talent.This problem arises when the composite measure is less sensitive to talent than talent is valuable to the evaluator. In that case, the optimal evaluation scheme never combines evidence and verification in the evaluation of a certain candidate. Rather, it asks for evidence of training only to accept a high-training candidate without verification. The optimal mechanism favors high- over low-training candidates: (i) It accepts some high-training candidates-including unworthy ones-without verifying their composite measure but rather only by asking them for a certain level of evidence of training; and (ii) among candidates who do not meet that level of evidence, (iia) it accepts (after verification) some unworthy candidates with high training but low talent while (iib) rejecting some worthy candidates with high talent but low training.Remarkably, this is the structure of the optimal mechanism even when the evaluator only values talent. The evaluator still optimally favors high-training candidates even though training is worthless to him. He does so because of two forces: (i) to save on verification costs by accepting high-training candidates without verifying their composite measure and (ii) due to the strategic incentives of candidates to withhold evidence of training when the evaluator verifies the value of a composite measure that is under-sensitive to talent. The two forces are complements in inducing errors in favor of high- and against low-evidence candidates. Namely, the second force exacerbates the errors due to the verification cost by decreasing the effectiveness of verification, thereby pushing the evaluator to accept high-training candidates without verifying their composite measure to save on verification costs.Chapter 2. In the second chapter, "Free entry in a Cournot market with overlapping ownership'' (co-authored with Xavier Vives), we examine the effects of overlapping ownership in a Cournot oligopoly where existing firms with overlapping ownership decide whether to enter a new market. Overlapping ownership, be it in the form of common or cross ownership, significantly differs from collusion. In infinitely repeated oligopoly games, (the prospect of) entry poses a constraint on incumbents. It limits the attainable collusive outcomes, since by colluding incumbents increase prices thereby enhancing the incentives for entry by new firms. On the other hand, (pre-entry) overlapping ownership entry acts as an additional channel through which the competitive effects of overlapping ownership can materialize.Namely, we show that in most cases-and especially when overlapping ownership is already widespread, an increase in the extent of overlapping ownership will harm welfare by (i) softening product market competition, (ii) reducing entry, thereby (in contrast to standard results) inducing or exacerbating insufficient entry, and (iii) magnifying the negative impact of an increase of entry costs on entry. Overlapping ownership can mostly be beneficial only under increasing returns to scale, in which case industry consolidation (induced by overlapping ownership) leads to sizable cost efficiencies.Chapter 3. The third chapter, "Regret, blame, and division of responsibility in games,'' studies regret in games, which has so far been analyzed as if in a single-agent context with the other players' actions treated as the state of the world. I instead propose the strategic regret approach, which accounts for the division of responsibility in games. It postulates that player i's regret (for not playing a best-response) is mitigated through blame put on player j for not playing a Pareto-improving (compared to j's actual action) best-response to player i's action.I provide experimental evidence lending direct support to both the assumptions and predictions of strategic regret. Survey questions that elicit participants' feelings in certain hypothetical scenarios show that the subjects' regret is indeed mitigated through blame assigned to others for not playing a Pareto-improving best-response. Notably, participants' anticipated regret and blame elicited in certain games have predictive power-consistent with strategic regret predictions-over their behavior in vastly different games, consistent with theoretical predictions.We conclude that, when modified to account for blame and the division of responsibility in games, regret offers novel insights on strategic behavior. More generally, the results emphasize that decision-theoretic models may benefit from modifications when applied in games. (Implicit) assumptions that are plausible (or even hardly qualify as assumptions) in single-agent settings (e.g., that the agent does not blame the random state of the world) should be reconsidered in strategic environments.
일반주제명  
Experimental psychology
키워드  
Blame
키워드  
Common ownership
키워드  
Costly verification
키워드  
Evidence games
키워드  
Regret theory
기타저자  
New York University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aVravosinos,  Orestis.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Microeconomic  Theory,  Industrial  Organization,  and  Experimental  Economics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Madsen,  Erik.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  three  chapters,  the  first  in  the  fields  of  contract  theory  and  mechanism  design,  the  second  in  theoretical  industrial  organization  and  competition  policy,  and  the  third  in  behavioral  and  experimental  economics.Chapter  1.  The  first  chapter  proposes  a  novel  model  of  multidimensional  screening,  where  a  candidate  (she)  with  two  attributes-training  and  talent-chooses  how  much  hard  evidence  of  training  to  present.  Then,  the  evaluator  (he)  possibly  verifies  at  a  cost  the  value  of  a  composite  measure  of  the  candidate's  training  and  talent  before  deciding  whether  to  accept  or  reject  the  candidate.  The  candidate  cannot  unilaterally  provide  evidence  of  talent.  The  composite  measure  is  increasing  in  both  training  and  talent,  and  the  evaluator  (weakly)  values  both  training  and  talent  in  the  candidate.  If  the  evaluator  is  going  to  verify  the  value  of  the  composite  measure,  the  candidate  may  have  incentives  to  withhold  evidence  of  training-although  the  evaluator  values  training-to  influence  how  the  evaluator  interprets  the  composite  measure.  Particularly,  she  may  want  to  withhold  evidence  of  training  to  make  the  evaluator  attribute  the  composite  measure  to  talent  instead,  thereby  overestimating  her  talent.This  problem  arises  when  the  composite  measure  is  less  sensitive  to  talent  than  talent  is  valuable  to  the  evaluator.  In  that  case,  the  optimal  evaluation  scheme  never  combines  evidence  and  verification  in  the  evaluation  of  a  certain  candidate.  Rather,  it  asks  for  evidence  of  training  only  to  accept  a  high-training  candidate  without  verification.  The  optimal  mechanism  favors  high-  over  low-training  candidates:  (i)  It  accepts  some  high-training  candidates-including  unworthy  ones-without  verifying  their  composite  measure  but  rather  only  by  asking  them  for  a  certain  level  of  evidence  of  training;  and  (ii)  among  candidates  who  do  not  meet  that  level  of  evidence,  (iia)  it  accepts  (after  verification)  some  unworthy  candidates  with  high  training  but  low  talent  while  (iib)  rejecting  some  worthy  candidates  with  high  talent  but  low  training.Remarkably,  this  is  the  structure  of  the  optimal  mechanism  even  when  the  evaluator  only  values  talent.  The  evaluator  still  optimally  favors  high-training  candidates  even  though  training  is  worthless  to  him.  He  does  so  because  of  two  forces:  (i)  to  save  on  verification  costs  by  accepting  high-training  candidates  without  verifying  their  composite  measure  and  (ii)  due  to  the  strategic  incentives  of  candidates  to  withhold  evidence  of  training  when  the  evaluator  verifies  the  value  of  a  composite  measure  that  is  under-sensitive  to  talent.  The  two  forces  are  complements  in  inducing  errors  in  favor  of  high-  and  against  low-evidence  candidates.  Namely,  the  second  force  exacerbates  the  errors  due  to  the  verification  cost  by  decreasing  the  effectiveness  of  verification,  thereby  pushing  the  evaluator  to  accept  high-training  candidates  without  verifying  their  composite  measure  to  save  on  verification  costs.Chapter  2.  In  the  second  chapter,  "Free  entry  in  a  Cournot  market  with  overlapping  ownership''  (co-authored  with  Xavier  Vives),  we  examine  the  effects  of  overlapping  ownership  in  a  Cournot  oligopoly  where  existing  firms  with  overlapping  ownership  decide  whether  to  enter  a  new  market.  Overlapping  ownership,  be  it  in  the  form  of  common  or  cross  ownership,  significantly  differs  from  collusion.  In  infinitely  repeated  oligopoly  games,  (the  prospect  of)  entry  poses  a  constraint  on  incumbents.  It  limits  the  attainable  collusive  outcomes,  since  by  colluding  incumbents  increase  prices  thereby  enhancing  the  incentives  for  entry  by  new  firms.  On  the  other  hand,  (pre-entry)  overlapping  ownership  entry  acts  as  an  additional  channel  through  which  the  competitive  effects  of  overlapping  ownership  can  materialize.Namely,  we  show  that  in  most  cases-and  especially  when  overlapping  ownership  is  already  widespread,  an  increase  in  the  extent  of  overlapping  ownership  will  harm  welfare  by  (i)  softening  product  market  competition,  (ii)  reducing  entry,  thereby  (in  contrast  to  standard  results)  inducing  or  exacerbating  insufficient  entry,  and  (iii)  magnifying  the  negative  impact  of  an  increase  of  entry  costs  on  entry.  Overlapping  ownership  can  mostly  be  beneficial  only  under  increasing  returns  to  scale,  in  which  case  industry  consolidation  (induced  by  overlapping  ownership)  leads  to  sizable  cost  efficiencies.Chapter  3.  The  third  chapter,  "Regret,  blame,  and  division  of  responsibility  in  games,''  studies  regret  in  games,  which  has  so  far  been  analyzed  as  if  in  a  single-agent  context  with  the  other  players'  actions  treated  as  the  state  of  the  world.  I  instead  propose  the  strategic  regret  approach,  which  accounts  for  the  division  of  responsibility  in  games.  It  postulates  that  player  i's  regret  (for  not  playing  a  best-response)  is  mitigated  through  blame  put  on  player  j  for  not  playing  a  Pareto-improving  (compared  to  j's  actual  action)  best-response  to  player  i's  action.I  provide  experimental  evidence  lending  direct  support  to  both  the  assumptions  and  predictions  of  strategic  regret.  Survey  questions  that  elicit  participants'  feelings  in  certain  hypothetical  scenarios  show  that  the  subjects'  regret  is  indeed  mitigated  through  blame  assigned  to  others  for  not  playing  a  Pareto-improving  best-response.  Notably,  participants'  anticipated  regret  and  blame  elicited  in  certain  games  have  predictive  power-consistent  with  strategic  regret  predictions-over  their  behavior  in  vastly  different  games,  consistent  with  theoretical  predictions.We  conclude  that,  when  modified  to  account  for  blame  and  the  division  of  responsibility  in  games,  regret  offers  novel  insights  on  strategic  behavior.  More  generally,  the  results  emphasize  that  decision-theoretic  models  may  benefit  from  modifications  when  applied  in  games.  (Implicit)  assumptions  that  are  plausible  (or  even  hardly  qualify  as  assumptions)  in  single-agent  settings  (e.g.,  that  the  agent  does  not  blame  the  random  state  of  the  world)  should  be  reconsidered  in  strategic  environments.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aExperimental  psychology
■653    ▼aBlame
■653    ▼aCommon  ownership
■653    ▼aCostly  verification
■653    ▼aEvidence  games
■653    ▼aRegret  theory
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0623
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17365862▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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