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Essays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
Essays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260209102842
- ISBN
- 9798293887231
- DDC
- 310
- 저자명
- Iao, Man Chon.
- 서명/저자
- Essays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : New York University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 203 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Gilchrist, Simon.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약This thesis studies fiscal and monetary policy in economies with heterogeneous agents. The three chapters combine structural modeling with empirical evidence to investigate the efficacy of fiscal stimulus, the consequences of monetary and fiscal policy interactions, and the role of hand-to-mouth households in the transmission of government spending.The first chapter studies how unemployment risk affects the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), a parameter crucial to the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus. Using survey data, I document that unemployment risk significantly reduces the MPC, to an extent that the standard model of consumption cannot replicate. I reconcile the model with the data by introducing mental accounting, where households treat income and savings as non-fungible and exhibit dissaving aversion. I then develop a quantitative Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with mental accounting to assess the effectiveness of stimulus checks in boosting aggregate consumption during recessions. I find that stimulus checks are less effective than predicted by the standard model because heightened unemployment risk substantially reduces the MPC. This state dependence of the MPC helps reconcile the modest aggregate effects of the 2008 tax rebate in the U.S. with the high MPCs documented in the empirical literature.The second chapter investigates the macroeconomic consequences of anticipated fiscal dominance risk in heterogeneous-agent economies. I develop a regime-switching HANK model featuring a monetary-led regime and a fiscal-dominant regime, and contrast its dynamics with those of RANK in response to a deficit-financed fiscal stimulus shock. In both models, the risk of fiscal dominance raises inflation expectations, prompting monetary tightening. In RANK, the higher real interest rate persistently depresses output through the intertemporal substitution channel. In HANK, this contractionary effect is offset by an endogenously higher natural rate of interest, allowing output to return to the steady state despite sustained inflation and elevated interest rates. I further discuss the robustness of the results to the slope of the Phillips curve and the monetary policy rule.The third chapter examines the role of household heterogeneity in the transmission of government spending. Using regional variation in U.S. military procurement, I find that local fiscal multipliers are negatively correlated with the share of wealthy hand-to-mouth households. These heterogeneous effects introduce a bias in conventional estimates of the average local multiplier. Once corrected, the average multiplier falls below one, and an inflationary response that was absent in prior estimates re-emerges. A monetary union Two-Agent New Keynesian (TANK) model calibrated to the average hand-to-mouth share successfully replicates these unbiased estimates. Finally, using contract-level data, I provide evidence on the transmission channels of military spending and show that the negative relationship between local multipliers and the share of hand-to-mouth households is driven by the unique composition of military procurement.
- 일반주제명
- Statistics
- 일반주제명
- Public policy
- 키워드
- Consumption
- 키워드
- Fiscal policy
- 키워드
- HANK model
- 키워드
- Monetary policy
- 기타저자
- New York University Economics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798293887231
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32122350
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a310
■1001 ▼aIao, Man Chon.
■24510▼aEssays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNew York University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a203 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Gilchrist, Simon.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
■520 ▼aThis thesis studies fiscal and monetary policy in economies with heterogeneous agents. The three chapters combine structural modeling with empirical evidence to investigate the efficacy of fiscal stimulus, the consequences of monetary and fiscal policy interactions, and the role of hand-to-mouth households in the transmission of government spending.The first chapter studies how unemployment risk affects the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), a parameter crucial to the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus. Using survey data, I document that unemployment risk significantly reduces the MPC, to an extent that the standard model of consumption cannot replicate. I reconcile the model with the data by introducing mental accounting, where households treat income and savings as non-fungible and exhibit dissaving aversion. I then develop a quantitative Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with mental accounting to assess the effectiveness of stimulus checks in boosting aggregate consumption during recessions. I find that stimulus checks are less effective than predicted by the standard model because heightened unemployment risk substantially reduces the MPC. This state dependence of the MPC helps reconcile the modest aggregate effects of the 2008 tax rebate in the U.S. with the high MPCs documented in the empirical literature.The second chapter investigates the macroeconomic consequences of anticipated fiscal dominance risk in heterogeneous-agent economies. I develop a regime-switching HANK model featuring a monetary-led regime and a fiscal-dominant regime, and contrast its dynamics with those of RANK in response to a deficit-financed fiscal stimulus shock. In both models, the risk of fiscal dominance raises inflation expectations, prompting monetary tightening. In RANK, the higher real interest rate persistently depresses output through the intertemporal substitution channel. In HANK, this contractionary effect is offset by an endogenously higher natural rate of interest, allowing output to return to the steady state despite sustained inflation and elevated interest rates. I further discuss the robustness of the results to the slope of the Phillips curve and the monetary policy rule.The third chapter examines the role of household heterogeneity in the transmission of government spending. Using regional variation in U.S. military procurement, I find that local fiscal multipliers are negatively correlated with the share of wealthy hand-to-mouth households. These heterogeneous effects introduce a bias in conventional estimates of the average local multiplier. Once corrected, the average multiplier falls below one, and an inflationary response that was absent in prior estimates re-emerges. A monetary union Two-Agent New Keynesian (TANK) model calibrated to the average hand-to-mouth share successfully replicates these unbiased estimates. Finally, using contract-level data, I provide evidence on the transmission channels of military spending and show that the negative relationship between local multipliers and the share of hand-to-mouth households is driven by the unique composition of military procurement.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0146.
■650 4▼aStatistics
■650 4▼aPublic policy
■653 ▼aConsumption
■653 ▼aFiscal policy
■653 ▼aHANK model
■653 ▼aHeterogeneous agents
■653 ▼aMonetary-fiscal interaction
■653 ▼aMonetary policy
■690 ▼a0501
■690 ▼a0511
■690 ▼a0630
■690 ▼a0463
■71020▼aNew York University▼bEconomics.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-03B.
■790 ▼a0146
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17365865▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


