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Essays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
Essays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
Essays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102842
ISBN  
9798293887231
DDC  
310
저자명  
Iao, Man Chon.
서명/저자  
Essays on Heterogeneity and Fiscal and Monetary Policy
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
203 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gilchrist, Simon.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This thesis studies fiscal and monetary policy in economies with heterogeneous agents. The three chapters combine structural modeling with empirical evidence to investigate the efficacy of fiscal stimulus, the consequences of monetary and fiscal policy interactions, and the role of hand-to-mouth households in the transmission of government spending.The first chapter studies how unemployment risk affects the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), a parameter crucial to the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus. Using survey data, I document that unemployment risk significantly reduces the MPC, to an extent that the standard model of consumption cannot replicate. I reconcile the model with the data by introducing mental accounting, where households treat income and savings as non-fungible and exhibit dissaving aversion. I then develop a quantitative Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with mental accounting to assess the effectiveness of stimulus checks in boosting aggregate consumption during recessions. I find that stimulus checks are less effective than predicted by the standard model because heightened unemployment risk substantially reduces the MPC. This state dependence of the MPC helps reconcile the modest aggregate effects of the 2008 tax rebate in the U.S. with the high MPCs documented in the empirical literature.The second chapter investigates the macroeconomic consequences of anticipated fiscal dominance risk in heterogeneous-agent economies. I develop a regime-switching HANK model featuring a monetary-led regime and a fiscal-dominant regime, and contrast its dynamics with those of RANK in response to a deficit-financed fiscal stimulus shock. In both models, the risk of fiscal dominance raises inflation expectations, prompting monetary tightening. In RANK, the higher real interest rate persistently depresses output through the intertemporal substitution channel. In HANK, this contractionary effect is offset by an endogenously higher natural rate of interest, allowing output to return to the steady state despite sustained inflation and elevated interest rates. I further discuss the robustness of the results to the slope of the Phillips curve and the monetary policy rule.The third chapter examines the role of household heterogeneity in the transmission of government spending. Using regional variation in U.S. military procurement, I find that local fiscal multipliers are negatively correlated with the share of wealthy hand-to-mouth households. These heterogeneous effects introduce a bias in conventional estimates of the average local multiplier. Once corrected, the average multiplier falls below one, and an inflationary response that was absent in prior estimates re-emerges. A monetary union Two-Agent New Keynesian (TANK) model calibrated to the average hand-to-mouth share successfully replicates these unbiased estimates. Finally, using contract-level data, I provide evidence on the transmission channels of military spending and show that the negative relationship between local multipliers and the share of hand-to-mouth households is driven by the unique composition of military procurement.
일반주제명  
Statistics
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Consumption
키워드  
Fiscal policy
키워드  
HANK model
키워드  
Heterogeneous agents
키워드  
Monetary-fiscal interaction
키워드  
Monetary policy
기타저자  
New York University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aIao,  Man  Chon.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Heterogeneity  and  Fiscal  and  Monetary  Policy
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a203  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gilchrist,  Simon.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  thesis  studies  fiscal  and  monetary  policy  in  economies  with  heterogeneous  agents.  The  three  chapters  combine  structural  modeling  with  empirical  evidence  to  investigate  the  efficacy  of  fiscal  stimulus,  the  consequences  of  monetary  and  fiscal  policy  interactions,  and  the  role  of  hand-to-mouth  households  in  the  transmission  of  government  spending.The  first  chapter  studies  how  unemployment  risk  affects  the  marginal  propensity  to  consume  (MPC),  a  parameter  crucial  to  the  effectiveness  of  fiscal  stimulus.  Using  survey  data,  I  document  that  unemployment  risk  significantly  reduces  the  MPC,  to  an  extent  that  the  standard  model  of  consumption  cannot  replicate.  I  reconcile  the  model  with  the  data  by  introducing  mental  accounting,  where  households  treat  income  and  savings  as  non-fungible  and  exhibit  dissaving  aversion.  I  then  develop  a  quantitative  Heterogeneous  Agent  New  Keynesian  (HANK)  model  with  mental  accounting  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  stimulus  checks  in  boosting  aggregate  consumption  during  recessions.  I  find  that  stimulus  checks  are  less  effective  than  predicted  by  the  standard  model  because  heightened  unemployment  risk  substantially  reduces  the  MPC.  This  state  dependence  of  the  MPC  helps  reconcile  the  modest  aggregate  effects  of  the  2008  tax  rebate  in  the  U.S.  with  the  high  MPCs  documented  in  the  empirical  literature.The  second  chapter  investigates  the  macroeconomic  consequences  of  anticipated  fiscal  dominance  risk  in  heterogeneous-agent  economies.  I  develop  a  regime-switching  HANK  model  featuring  a  monetary-led  regime  and  a  fiscal-dominant  regime,  and  contrast  its  dynamics  with  those  of  RANK  in  response  to  a  deficit-financed  fiscal  stimulus  shock.  In  both  models,  the  risk  of  fiscal  dominance  raises  inflation  expectations,  prompting  monetary  tightening.  In  RANK,  the  higher  real  interest  rate  persistently  depresses  output  through  the  intertemporal  substitution  channel.  In  HANK,  this  contractionary  effect  is  offset  by  an  endogenously  higher  natural  rate  of  interest,  allowing  output  to  return  to  the  steady  state  despite  sustained  inflation  and  elevated  interest  rates.  I  further  discuss  the  robustness  of  the  results  to  the  slope  of  the  Phillips  curve  and  the  monetary  policy  rule.The  third  chapter  examines  the  role  of  household  heterogeneity  in  the  transmission  of  government  spending.  Using  regional  variation  in  U.S.  military  procurement,  I  find  that  local  fiscal  multipliers  are  negatively  correlated  with  the  share  of  wealthy  hand-to-mouth  households.  These  heterogeneous  effects  introduce  a  bias  in  conventional  estimates  of  the  average  local  multiplier.  Once  corrected,  the  average  multiplier  falls  below  one,  and  an  inflationary  response  that  was  absent  in  prior  estimates  re-emerges.  A  monetary  union  Two-Agent  New  Keynesian  (TANK)  model  calibrated  to  the  average  hand-to-mouth  share  successfully  replicates  these  unbiased  estimates.  Finally,  using  contract-level  data,  I  provide  evidence  on  the  transmission  channels  of  military  spending  and  show  that  the  negative  relationship  between  local  multipliers  and  the  share  of  hand-to-mouth  households  is  driven  by  the  unique  composition  of  military  procurement.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aStatistics
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aConsumption
■653    ▼aFiscal  policy
■653    ▼aHANK  model
■653    ▼aHeterogeneous  agents
■653    ▼aMonetary-fiscal  interaction
■653    ▼aMonetary  policy
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0463
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17365865▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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