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Data-Driven Discovery of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Statin Use on Dementia Risk
Data-Driven Discovery of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Statin Use on Dementia Risk
Data-Driven Discovery of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Statin Use on Dementia Risk

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103619
ISBN  
9798286498970
DDC  
614.4
저자명  
Jawadekar, Neal A.
서명/저자  
Data-Driven Discovery of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Statin Use on Dementia Risk
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
146 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zeki Al Hazzouri, Adina.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) currently afflicts millions of individuals worldwide, and yet there remain no effective treatments. Meanwhile, emerging evidence suggests maintaining cardiovascular health may be one of the most promising prevention strategies for ADRD. For example, hypertension and hyperlipidemia have both been shown to increase one's risk of dementia, and as such, a variety of studies have been conducted on the link between antihyperlipidemic agents (i.e., statins) and incident dementia risk. However, studies conducted on the relationship between statins, cognitive function, and ADRD have yielded mixed findings thus far. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found no relationship between statins and cognition, multiple observational studies suggest statin use may help protect against incident dementia risk. While there are multiple possible reasons for these mixed findings, prior evidence suggests the effect of statins on dementia may vary across certain patient characteristics (e.g., age and baseline co-morbidities). Yet, subgroup-specific investigations have been largely limited and restricted to only one or a few covariates at a time. Improving knowledge of how multiple covariates combine to influence treatment effectiveness could help support more precision prevention initiatives for dementia, where statins are targeted to those who would most benefit. To address this research opportunity, this dissertation investigates how the effects of statins on ADRD may be heterogeneous at the intersection of multiple covariates. This dissertation is comprised of three aims: a narrative literature review of prior research studies on statins and dementia, with a particular focus on subgroup-specific effects; an epidemiologic study of the United Kingdom Biobank (UK Biobank) observational cohort to estimate the overall average treatment effect (ATE) and conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) of statin use on ADRD risk, and a classification tree analysis to generate interpretable treatment rules as a function of multiple potential effect modifiers; and a statistical analysis to estimate the expected dementia risk from implementing the current standard of care (i.e., assigning treatment based on a 10-year cardiovascular risk score) as compared to alternative scenarios (e.g., assigning treatment based on the interpretable treatment rules; or assigning treatment based on what was received in the real-world).The narrative literature review suggested that although prior investigations of heterogeneous effects for statins and ADRD are limited, age and several co-morbidities may serve as important effect modifiers of this relationship. Yet, no prior studies explored how multiple covariates in combination (rather than in isolation) influence the varying effectiveness of statins on incident ADRD. The empirical study, using data from the UK Biobank, found that the controlled direct effect of statins on ADRD was close to the null, although there were also notable heterogeneities observed across multiple covariates. While the simple tree-based treatment rule recommended statins to individuals with high triglyceride levels as well as to those without a college education, there were more than a dozen meaningful interaction terms identified overall, with heterogeneities being observed across additional variables including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. Finally, the statistical analysis of the public health impact found that implementation of this data-driven treatment rule would result in fewer dementia cases as compared to an existing treatment rule which is nationally implemented in the United Kingdom (i.e., a rule based on whether an individual's 10-year CVD risk exceeds 10%). Overall, this dissertation investigated how multiple covariates contribute to the heterogeneity in effects of statins on ADRD in a large observational cohort. Furthermore, the analysis of heterogeneous treatment effects helped identify specific subgroups that, if targeted for statin treatment, could help reduce the overall population burden of dementia.
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Health sciences
키워드  
Alzheimer's disease
키워드  
Randomized controlled trials
키워드  
Average treatment effect
키워드  
High triglyceride levels
기타저자  
Columbia University Epidemiology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aData-Driven  Discovery  of  Heterogeneous  Treatment  Effects  of  Statin  Use  on  Dementia  Risk
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a146  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zeki  Al  Hazzouri,  Adina.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aAlzheimer's  disease  and  related  dementias  (ADRD)  currently  afflicts  millions  of  individuals  worldwide,  and  yet  there  remain  no  effective  treatments.  Meanwhile,  emerging  evidence  suggests  maintaining  cardiovascular  health  may  be  one  of  the  most  promising  prevention  strategies  for  ADRD.  For  example,  hypertension  and  hyperlipidemia  have  both  been  shown  to  increase  one's  risk  of  dementia,  and  as  such,  a  variety  of  studies  have  been  conducted  on  the  link  between  antihyperlipidemic  agents  (i.e.,  statins)  and  incident  dementia  risk.  However,  studies  conducted  on  the  relationship  between  statins,  cognitive  function,  and  ADRD  have  yielded  mixed  findings  thus  far.  Although  randomized  controlled  trials  (RCTs)  have  found  no  relationship  between  statins  and  cognition,  multiple  observational  studies  suggest  statin  use  may  help  protect  against  incident  dementia  risk.  While  there  are  multiple  possible  reasons  for  these  mixed  findings,  prior  evidence  suggests  the  effect  of  statins  on  dementia  may  vary  across  certain  patient  characteristics  (e.g.,  age  and  baseline  co-morbidities).  Yet,  subgroup-specific  investigations  have  been  largely  limited  and  restricted  to  only  one  or  a  few  covariates  at  a  time.  Improving  knowledge  of  how  multiple  covariates  combine  to  influence  treatment  effectiveness  could  help  support  more  precision  prevention  initiatives  for  dementia,  where  statins  are  targeted  to  those  who  would  most  benefit.  To  address  this  research  opportunity,  this  dissertation  investigates  how  the  effects  of  statins  on  ADRD  may  be  heterogeneous  at  the  intersection  of  multiple  covariates.  This  dissertation  is  comprised  of  three  aims:  a  narrative  literature  review  of  prior  research  studies  on  statins  and  dementia,  with  a  particular  focus  on  subgroup-specific  effects;  an  epidemiologic  study  of  the  United  Kingdom  Biobank  (UK  Biobank)  observational  cohort  to  estimate  the  overall  average  treatment  effect  (ATE)  and  conditional  average  treatment  effects  (CATEs)  of  statin  use  on  ADRD  risk,  and  a  classification  tree  analysis  to  generate  interpretable  treatment  rules  as  a  function  of  multiple  potential  effect  modifiers;  and  a  statistical  analysis  to  estimate  the  expected  dementia  risk  from  implementing  the  current  standard  of  care  (i.e.,  assigning  treatment  based  on  a  10-year  cardiovascular  risk  score)  as  compared  to  alternative  scenarios  (e.g.,  assigning  treatment  based  on  the  interpretable  treatment  rules;  or  assigning  treatment  based  on  what  was  received  in  the  real-world).The  narrative  literature  review  suggested  that  although  prior  investigations  of  heterogeneous  effects  for  statins  and  ADRD  are  limited,  age  and  several  co-morbidities  may  serve  as  important  effect  modifiers  of  this  relationship.  Yet,  no  prior  studies  explored  how  multiple  covariates  in  combination  (rather  than  in  isolation)  influence  the  varying  effectiveness  of  statins  on  incident  ADRD.  The  empirical  study,  using  data  from  the  UK  Biobank,  found  that  the  controlled  direct  effect  of  statins  on  ADRD  was  close  to  the  null,  although  there  were  also  notable  heterogeneities  observed  across  multiple  covariates.  While  the  simple  tree-based  treatment  rule  recommended  statins  to  individuals  with  high  triglyceride  levels  as  well  as  to  those  without  a  college  education,  there  were  more  than  a  dozen  meaningful  interaction  terms  identified  overall,  with  heterogeneities  being  observed  across  additional  variables  including  diabetes,  cardiovascular  disease,  LDL  cholesterol,  and  HDL  cholesterol.  Finally,  the  statistical  analysis  of  the  public  health  impact  found  that  implementation  of  this  data-driven  treatment  rule  would  result  in  fewer  dementia  cases  as  compared  to  an  existing  treatment  rule  which  is  nationally  implemented  in  the  United  Kingdom  (i.e.,  a  rule  based  on  whether  an  individual's  10-year  CVD  risk  exceeds  10%).  Overall,  this  dissertation  investigated  how  multiple  covariates  contribute  to  the  heterogeneity  in  effects  of  statins  on  ADRD  in  a  large  observational  cohort.  Furthermore,  the  analysis  of  heterogeneous  treatment  effects  helped  identify  specific  subgroups  that,  if  targeted  for  statin  treatment,  could  help  reduce  the  overall  population  burden  of  dementia.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■653    ▼aAlzheimer's  disease
■653    ▼aRandomized  controlled  trials
■653    ▼aAverage  treatment  effect
■653    ▼aHigh  triglyceride  levels
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0566
■690    ▼a0573
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bEpidemiology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357926▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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