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Volatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft Design and Performance
Volatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft D...
Volatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft Design and Performance

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105516
ISBN  
9798263341398
DDC  
621
저자명  
Macias Canizares, Antonio.
서명/저자  
Volatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft Design and Performance
발행사항  
[Sl] : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
425 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Mavris, Dimitri.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The surfaces of airless, ice-covered moons of the outer solar system - prime candidatesfor discovering extant life beyond Earth - are not well known at the centimeter- to meterscale because no spacecraft have yet imaged these worlds at that scale. Ice and snow evolveand erode differently on such worlds in large part because sublimation is the dominantprocess. On Earth, ice penitentes, which are blade-like structures, have been observedin many sublimation-driven environments, and as such may provide a guide for similarformations on ice-covered worlds. This dissertation explores the surface evolution of icecovered moons over geologic timescales (i.e., over the past millions of years) to assess thefeasibility of in situ exploration.Penitente formation on Earth has been extensively studied, with growth being significant in high-altitude and low-latitude snowfields. Namely, in snowfields at low temperatures, low humidity, low pressure, and high insolation. Models of penitente formation onEarth break down within the free-molecular regime of airless bodies, leaving a major gapin understanding whether such morphologies can form on their surfaces. To investigatethe morphological evolution of Europa and other icy bodies, this dissertation presents numerical models to simulate the physical conditions on airless worlds. This work presentspreliminary results on the molecular transport and radiative heat transfer processes on airless worlds to determine the feasibility of penitente formation, as well as a comprehensiveanalysis considering the most significant processes that play a role in the evolution of thesurfaces of airless, ice-covered worlds.Surface morphology changes in airless worlds are dominated by sublimation and deposition. To investigate the morphological evolution of icy bodies, this dissertation describes the Sublimation Monte Carlo (SMC) model, a numerical approach to modelingexosphere-surface interactions at free-molecular conditions. The SMC model uses MonteCarlo tracking of molecules emitted from the surface to determine the net molecular interchange that drives surface morphology changes. The model is validated against theoreticalexperiments, predicting the theoretical sublimation rate of a planar surface without molecular redeposition, and against physical experiments, matching the evolution of pre-formedpenitentes as they receded in height and became less pronounced. The results reveal theimportance of molecular redeposition on topology, indicating that the stable morphology ofisothermal topographies is a planar morphology on regions of net sublimation, regardlessof initial surface shape, and across a range of ices relevant to worlds in our solar system.A study of parametrically varying surface temperature profiles for sinusoidal penitentesresulted in the following requirement for penitente growth: the trough temperature mustexceed the peak temperature by a threshold value, which notably depends on the surfaceaspect ratio and peak temperature. Overall, molecular transport on Europa allows but constrains the formation of penitentes and requires an accurate surface temperature profile.Modeling the surface temperature profile requires considering the warming and coolingof the surface through radiative heat transfer processes. This dissertation describes thePhoton Monte Carlo (PMC) model, a radiative heat transfer approach capable of simulatingsolar exposure and subsequent warming of rough snow and ice surfaces on ice-coveredairless solar system bodies. The PMC model accounts for wavelength-dependent internallight scattering and heat conduction within the snow and is validated against analyticaland physical experiments. This dissertation discusses modifications to the original PMCmodel approach to better simulate radiative heat transfer in airless, ice-covered worlds andexamines differential heating across the surface from centimeter- to meter-scales to revealpotential patterns of preferential sublimation that could lead to rough ice morphologies,such as penitentes. It was revealed that regions with lower thermal inertia on Europa may bemore likely to grow penitentes. Nevertheless, since the molecular transport conditions fromsublimation and deposition constrain the formation of penitentes, the integration betweenthe SMC and PMC models is required to simulate the surface evolution of airless worldsover geologic timescales and to determine the possible presence of penitentes on Europa or other icy moons across the Solar System.The molecular transport and radiative heat transfer numerical approaches are combined(i.e., integrated) into an overarching methodology called the Radiative and ConductiveSurface Morphology Suite (R-COSMOS), which also introduces additional physics to themodeling of airless, ice-covered worlds such as orbital mechanics, surface orientation, andsnowfield latitude to improve the fidelity of the simulations. Preliminary results from RCOSMOS suggest that should penitentes exist on Europa, their ridges would most likelybe oriented East-West, with ridges aligned with the Sun's path across the sky, similar topenitentes on Earth. Retroactively modeling the surface evolution of Europa over millionsof years revealed that large penitentes (e.g., with a ridge spacing larger than one meter),such as those with high potential to develop into hazardous environments relevant for thein-situ navigation of Europa, are highly unlikely to exist. This occurs due to a decouplingof the physical processes yielding a substantial temperature difference between ridges andtroughs, causing the sublimation rate at the troughs to be much higher than in other regions,resulting in only surface morphology changes near the troughs. A large temperature differential might be supported on atmospheric worlds like Earth, Mars, and Pluto but not onworlds that lack an atmosphere like Europa. This is a key difference between the resultsof this dissertation and those from existing models for penitente formation on Earth. Thissuggests that penitente formation on Europa, while possible, should not pose a hazard fora future lander. Furthermore, the R-COSMOS model predicts that regions near the subJovian hemisphere are more unstable than regions near the anti-Jovian hemisphere. Hence,future missions for the in-situ exploration of Europa should prioritize potential landing sitesnear the leading, anti-Jovian hemisphere where the surface is likely planar.
일반주제명  
Heat transfer
일반주제명  
Solar system
일반주제명  
Engineering
일반주제명  
Mechanics
일반주제명  
Radiation
일반주제명  
Astronomy
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
기타저자  
Georgia Institute of Technology.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aMacias  Canizares,  Antonio.
■24510▼aVolatile  Molecular  Species  and  Their  Role  in  Planetary  Surface  Morphology  and  Spacecraft  Design  and  Performance
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a425  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mavris,  Dimitri.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Georgia  Institute  of  Technology,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  surfaces  of  airless,  ice-covered  moons  of  the  outer  solar  system  -  prime  candidatesfor  discovering  extant  life  beyond  Earth  -  are  not  well  known  at  the  centimeter-  to  meterscale  because  no  spacecraft  have  yet  imaged  these  worlds  at  that  scale.  Ice  and  snow  evolveand  erode  differently  on  such  worlds  in  large  part  because  sublimation  is  the  dominantprocess.  On  Earth,  ice  penitentes,  which  are  blade-like  structures,  have  been  observedin  many  sublimation-driven  environments,  and  as  such  may  provide  a  guide  for  similarformations  on  ice-covered  worlds.  This  dissertation  explores  the  surface  evolution  of  icecovered  moons  over  geologic  timescales  (i.e.,  over  the  past  millions  of  years)  to  assess  thefeasibility  of  in  situ  exploration.Penitente  formation  on  Earth  has  been  extensively  studied,  with  growth  being  significant  in  high-altitude  and  low-latitude  snowfields.  Namely,  in  snowfields  at  low  temperatures,  low  humidity,  low  pressure,  and  high  insolation.  Models  of  penitente  formation  onEarth  break  down  within  the  free-molecular  regime  of  airless  bodies,  leaving  a  major  gapin  understanding  whether  such  morphologies  can  form  on  their  surfaces.  To  investigatethe  morphological  evolution  of  Europa  and  other  icy  bodies,  this  dissertation  presents  numerical  models  to  simulate  the  physical  conditions  on  airless  worlds.  This  work  presentspreliminary  results  on  the  molecular  transport  and  radiative  heat  transfer  processes  on  airless  worlds  to  determine  the  feasibility  of  penitente  formation,  as  well  as  a  comprehensiveanalysis  considering  the  most  significant  processes  that  play  a  role  in  the  evolution  of  thesurfaces  of  airless,  ice-covered  worlds.Surface  morphology  changes  in  airless  worlds  are  dominated  by  sublimation  and  deposition.  To  investigate  the  morphological  evolution  of  icy  bodies,  this  dissertation  describes  the  Sublimation  Monte  Carlo  (SMC)  model,  a  numerical  approach  to  modelingexosphere-surface  interactions  at  free-molecular  conditions.  The  SMC  model  uses  MonteCarlo  tracking  of  molecules  emitted  from  the  surface  to  determine  the  net  molecular  interchange  that  drives  surface  morphology  changes.  The  model  is  validated  against  theoreticalexperiments,  predicting  the  theoretical  sublimation  rate  of  a  planar  surface  without  molecular  redeposition,  and  against  physical  experiments,  matching  the  evolution  of  pre-formedpenitentes  as  they  receded  in  height  and  became  less  pronounced.  The  results  reveal  theimportance  of  molecular  redeposition  on  topology,  indicating  that  the  stable  morphology  ofisothermal  topographies  is  a  planar  morphology  on  regions  of  net  sublimation,  regardlessof  initial  surface  shape,  and  across  a  range  of  ices  relevant  to  worlds  in  our  solar  system.A  study  of  parametrically  varying  surface  temperature  profiles  for  sinusoidal  penitentesresulted  in  the  following  requirement  for  penitente  growth:  the  trough  temperature  mustexceed  the  peak  temperature  by  a  threshold  value,  which  notably  depends  on  the  surfaceaspect  ratio  and  peak  temperature.  Overall,  molecular  transport  on  Europa  allows  but  constrains  the  formation  of  penitentes  and  requires  an  accurate  surface  temperature  profile.Modeling  the  surface  temperature  profile  requires  considering  the  warming  and  coolingof  the  surface  through  radiative  heat  transfer  processes.  This  dissertation  describes  thePhoton  Monte  Carlo  (PMC)  model,  a  radiative  heat  transfer  approach  capable  of  simulatingsolar  exposure  and  subsequent  warming  of  rough  snow  and  ice  surfaces  on  ice-coveredairless  solar  system  bodies.  The  PMC  model  accounts  for  wavelength-dependent  internallight  scattering  and  heat  conduction  within  the  snow  and  is  validated  against  analyticaland  physical  experiments.  This  dissertation  discusses  modifications  to  the  original  PMCmodel  approach  to  better  simulate  radiative  heat  transfer  in  airless,  ice-covered  worlds  andexamines  differential  heating  across  the  surface  from  centimeter-  to  meter-scales  to  revealpotential  patterns  of  preferential  sublimation  that  could  lead  to  rough  ice  morphologies,such  as  penitentes.  It  was  revealed  that  regions  with  lower  thermal  inertia  on  Europa  may  bemore  likely  to  grow  penitentes.  Nevertheless,  since  the  molecular  transport  conditions  fromsublimation  and  deposition  constrain  the  formation  of  penitentes,  the  integration  betweenthe  SMC  and  PMC  models  is  required  to  simulate  the  surface  evolution  of  airless  worldsover  geologic  timescales  and  to  determine  the  possible  presence  of  penitentes  on  Europa  or  other  icy  moons  across  the  Solar  System.The  molecular  transport  and  radiative  heat  transfer  numerical  approaches  are  combined(i.e.,  integrated)  into  an  overarching  methodology  called  the  Radiative  and  ConductiveSurface  Morphology  Suite  (R-COSMOS),  which  also  introduces  additional  physics  to  themodeling  of  airless,  ice-covered  worlds  such  as  orbital  mechanics,  surface  orientation,  andsnowfield  latitude  to  improve  the  fidelity  of  the  simulations.  Preliminary  results  from  RCOSMOS  suggest  that  should  penitentes  exist  on  Europa,  their  ridges  would  most  likelybe  oriented  East-West,  with  ridges  aligned  with  the  Sun's  path  across  the  sky,  similar  topenitentes  on  Earth.  Retroactively  modeling  the  surface  evolution  of  Europa  over  millionsof  years  revealed  that  large  penitentes  (e.g.,  with  a  ridge  spacing  larger  than  one  meter),such  as  those  with  high  potential  to  develop  into  hazardous  environments  relevant  for  thein-situ  navigation  of  Europa,  are  highly  unlikely  to  exist.  This  occurs  due  to  a  decouplingof  the  physical  processes  yielding  a  substantial  temperature  difference  between  ridges  andtroughs,  causing  the  sublimation  rate  at  the  troughs  to  be  much  higher  than  in  other  regions,resulting  in  only  surface  morphology  changes  near  the  troughs.  A  large  temperature  differential  might  be  supported  on  atmospheric  worlds  like  Earth,  Mars,  and  Pluto  but  not  onworlds  that  lack  an  atmosphere  like  Europa.  This  is  a  key  difference  between  the  resultsof  this  dissertation  and  those  from  existing  models  for  penitente  formation  on  Earth.  Thissuggests  that  penitente  formation  on  Europa,  while  possible,  should  not  pose  a  hazard  fora  future  lander.  Furthermore,  the  R-COSMOS  model  predicts  that  regions  near  the  subJovian  hemisphere  are  more  unstable  than  regions  near  the  anti-Jovian  hemisphere.  Hence,future  missions  for  the  in-situ  exploration  of  Europa  should  prioritize  potential  landing  sitesnear  the  leading,  anti-Jovian  hemisphere  where  the  surface  is  likely  planar.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0078.
■650  4▼aHeat  transfer
■650  4▼aSolar  system
■650  4▼aEngineering
■650  4▼aMechanics
■650  4▼aRadiation
■650  4▼aAstronomy
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■690    ▼a0346
■690    ▼a0537
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0348
■71020▼aGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0078
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360387▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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