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Volatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft Design and Performance
Volatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft Design and Performance
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105516
- ISBN
- 9798263341398
- DDC
- 621
- 서명/저자
- Volatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft Design and Performance
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 425 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Mavris, Dimitri.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The surfaces of airless, ice-covered moons of the outer solar system - prime candidatesfor discovering extant life beyond Earth - are not well known at the centimeter- to meterscale because no spacecraft have yet imaged these worlds at that scale. Ice and snow evolveand erode differently on such worlds in large part because sublimation is the dominantprocess. On Earth, ice penitentes, which are blade-like structures, have been observedin many sublimation-driven environments, and as such may provide a guide for similarformations on ice-covered worlds. This dissertation explores the surface evolution of icecovered moons over geologic timescales (i.e., over the past millions of years) to assess thefeasibility of in situ exploration.Penitente formation on Earth has been extensively studied, with growth being significant in high-altitude and low-latitude snowfields. Namely, in snowfields at low temperatures, low humidity, low pressure, and high insolation. Models of penitente formation onEarth break down within the free-molecular regime of airless bodies, leaving a major gapin understanding whether such morphologies can form on their surfaces. To investigatethe morphological evolution of Europa and other icy bodies, this dissertation presents numerical models to simulate the physical conditions on airless worlds. This work presentspreliminary results on the molecular transport and radiative heat transfer processes on airless worlds to determine the feasibility of penitente formation, as well as a comprehensiveanalysis considering the most significant processes that play a role in the evolution of thesurfaces of airless, ice-covered worlds.Surface morphology changes in airless worlds are dominated by sublimation and deposition. To investigate the morphological evolution of icy bodies, this dissertation describes the Sublimation Monte Carlo (SMC) model, a numerical approach to modelingexosphere-surface interactions at free-molecular conditions. The SMC model uses MonteCarlo tracking of molecules emitted from the surface to determine the net molecular interchange that drives surface morphology changes. The model is validated against theoreticalexperiments, predicting the theoretical sublimation rate of a planar surface without molecular redeposition, and against physical experiments, matching the evolution of pre-formedpenitentes as they receded in height and became less pronounced. The results reveal theimportance of molecular redeposition on topology, indicating that the stable morphology ofisothermal topographies is a planar morphology on regions of net sublimation, regardlessof initial surface shape, and across a range of ices relevant to worlds in our solar system.A study of parametrically varying surface temperature profiles for sinusoidal penitentesresulted in the following requirement for penitente growth: the trough temperature mustexceed the peak temperature by a threshold value, which notably depends on the surfaceaspect ratio and peak temperature. Overall, molecular transport on Europa allows but constrains the formation of penitentes and requires an accurate surface temperature profile.Modeling the surface temperature profile requires considering the warming and coolingof the surface through radiative heat transfer processes. This dissertation describes thePhoton Monte Carlo (PMC) model, a radiative heat transfer approach capable of simulatingsolar exposure and subsequent warming of rough snow and ice surfaces on ice-coveredairless solar system bodies. The PMC model accounts for wavelength-dependent internallight scattering and heat conduction within the snow and is validated against analyticaland physical experiments. This dissertation discusses modifications to the original PMCmodel approach to better simulate radiative heat transfer in airless, ice-covered worlds andexamines differential heating across the surface from centimeter- to meter-scales to revealpotential patterns of preferential sublimation that could lead to rough ice morphologies,such as penitentes. It was revealed that regions with lower thermal inertia on Europa may bemore likely to grow penitentes. Nevertheless, since the molecular transport conditions fromsublimation and deposition constrain the formation of penitentes, the integration betweenthe SMC and PMC models is required to simulate the surface evolution of airless worldsover geologic timescales and to determine the possible presence of penitentes on Europa or other icy moons across the Solar System.The molecular transport and radiative heat transfer numerical approaches are combined(i.e., integrated) into an overarching methodology called the Radiative and ConductiveSurface Morphology Suite (R-COSMOS), which also introduces additional physics to themodeling of airless, ice-covered worlds such as orbital mechanics, surface orientation, andsnowfield latitude to improve the fidelity of the simulations. Preliminary results from RCOSMOS suggest that should penitentes exist on Europa, their ridges would most likelybe oriented East-West, with ridges aligned with the Sun's path across the sky, similar topenitentes on Earth. Retroactively modeling the surface evolution of Europa over millionsof years revealed that large penitentes (e.g., with a ridge spacing larger than one meter),such as those with high potential to develop into hazardous environments relevant for thein-situ navigation of Europa, are highly unlikely to exist. This occurs due to a decouplingof the physical processes yielding a substantial temperature difference between ridges andtroughs, causing the sublimation rate at the troughs to be much higher than in other regions,resulting in only surface morphology changes near the troughs. A large temperature differential might be supported on atmospheric worlds like Earth, Mars, and Pluto but not onworlds that lack an atmosphere like Europa. This is a key difference between the resultsof this dissertation and those from existing models for penitente formation on Earth. Thissuggests that penitente formation on Europa, while possible, should not pose a hazard fora future lander. Furthermore, the R-COSMOS model predicts that regions near the subJovian hemisphere are more unstable than regions near the anti-Jovian hemisphere. Hence,future missions for the in-situ exploration of Europa should prioritize potential landing sitesnear the leading, anti-Jovian hemisphere where the surface is likely planar.
- 일반주제명
- Heat transfer
- 일반주제명
- Solar system
- 일반주제명
- Engineering
- 일반주제명
- Mechanics
- 일반주제명
- Radiation
- 일반주제명
- Astronomy
- 일반주제명
- Thermodynamics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798263341398
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32309340
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)GeorgiaTech75279
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a621
■1001 ▼aMacias Canizares, Antonio.
■24510▼aVolatile Molecular Species and Their Role in Planetary Surface Morphology and Spacecraft Design and Performance
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bGeorgia Institute of Technology▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a425 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Mavris, Dimitri.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024.
■520 ▼aThe surfaces of airless, ice-covered moons of the outer solar system - prime candidatesfor discovering extant life beyond Earth - are not well known at the centimeter- to meterscale because no spacecraft have yet imaged these worlds at that scale. Ice and snow evolveand erode differently on such worlds in large part because sublimation is the dominantprocess. On Earth, ice penitentes, which are blade-like structures, have been observedin many sublimation-driven environments, and as such may provide a guide for similarformations on ice-covered worlds. This dissertation explores the surface evolution of icecovered moons over geologic timescales (i.e., over the past millions of years) to assess thefeasibility of in situ exploration.Penitente formation on Earth has been extensively studied, with growth being significant in high-altitude and low-latitude snowfields. Namely, in snowfields at low temperatures, low humidity, low pressure, and high insolation. Models of penitente formation onEarth break down within the free-molecular regime of airless bodies, leaving a major gapin understanding whether such morphologies can form on their surfaces. To investigatethe morphological evolution of Europa and other icy bodies, this dissertation presents numerical models to simulate the physical conditions on airless worlds. This work presentspreliminary results on the molecular transport and radiative heat transfer processes on airless worlds to determine the feasibility of penitente formation, as well as a comprehensiveanalysis considering the most significant processes that play a role in the evolution of thesurfaces of airless, ice-covered worlds.Surface morphology changes in airless worlds are dominated by sublimation and deposition. To investigate the morphological evolution of icy bodies, this dissertation describes the Sublimation Monte Carlo (SMC) model, a numerical approach to modelingexosphere-surface interactions at free-molecular conditions. The SMC model uses MonteCarlo tracking of molecules emitted from the surface to determine the net molecular interchange that drives surface morphology changes. The model is validated against theoreticalexperiments, predicting the theoretical sublimation rate of a planar surface without molecular redeposition, and against physical experiments, matching the evolution of pre-formedpenitentes as they receded in height and became less pronounced. The results reveal theimportance of molecular redeposition on topology, indicating that the stable morphology ofisothermal topographies is a planar morphology on regions of net sublimation, regardlessof initial surface shape, and across a range of ices relevant to worlds in our solar system.A study of parametrically varying surface temperature profiles for sinusoidal penitentesresulted in the following requirement for penitente growth: the trough temperature mustexceed the peak temperature by a threshold value, which notably depends on the surfaceaspect ratio and peak temperature. Overall, molecular transport on Europa allows but constrains the formation of penitentes and requires an accurate surface temperature profile.Modeling the surface temperature profile requires considering the warming and coolingof the surface through radiative heat transfer processes. This dissertation describes thePhoton Monte Carlo (PMC) model, a radiative heat transfer approach capable of simulatingsolar exposure and subsequent warming of rough snow and ice surfaces on ice-coveredairless solar system bodies. The PMC model accounts for wavelength-dependent internallight scattering and heat conduction within the snow and is validated against analyticaland physical experiments. This dissertation discusses modifications to the original PMCmodel approach to better simulate radiative heat transfer in airless, ice-covered worlds andexamines differential heating across the surface from centimeter- to meter-scales to revealpotential patterns of preferential sublimation that could lead to rough ice morphologies,such as penitentes. It was revealed that regions with lower thermal inertia on Europa may bemore likely to grow penitentes. Nevertheless, since the molecular transport conditions fromsublimation and deposition constrain the formation of penitentes, the integration betweenthe SMC and PMC models is required to simulate the surface evolution of airless worldsover geologic timescales and to determine the possible presence of penitentes on Europa or other icy moons across the Solar System.The molecular transport and radiative heat transfer numerical approaches are combined(i.e., integrated) into an overarching methodology called the Radiative and ConductiveSurface Morphology Suite (R-COSMOS), which also introduces additional physics to themodeling of airless, ice-covered worlds such as orbital mechanics, surface orientation, andsnowfield latitude to improve the fidelity of the simulations. Preliminary results from RCOSMOS suggest that should penitentes exist on Europa, their ridges would most likelybe oriented East-West, with ridges aligned with the Sun's path across the sky, similar topenitentes on Earth. Retroactively modeling the surface evolution of Europa over millionsof years revealed that large penitentes (e.g., with a ridge spacing larger than one meter),such as those with high potential to develop into hazardous environments relevant for thein-situ navigation of Europa, are highly unlikely to exist. This occurs due to a decouplingof the physical processes yielding a substantial temperature difference between ridges andtroughs, causing the sublimation rate at the troughs to be much higher than in other regions,resulting in only surface morphology changes near the troughs. A large temperature differential might be supported on atmospheric worlds like Earth, Mars, and Pluto but not onworlds that lack an atmosphere like Europa. This is a key difference between the resultsof this dissertation and those from existing models for penitente formation on Earth. Thissuggests that penitente formation on Europa, while possible, should not pose a hazard fora future lander. Furthermore, the R-COSMOS model predicts that regions near the subJovian hemisphere are more unstable than regions near the anti-Jovian hemisphere. Hence,future missions for the in-situ exploration of Europa should prioritize potential landing sitesnear the leading, anti-Jovian hemisphere where the surface is likely planar.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0078.
■650 4▼aHeat transfer
■650 4▼aSolar system
■650 4▼aEngineering
■650 4▼aMechanics
■650 4▼aRadiation
■650 4▼aAstronomy
■650 4▼aThermodynamics
■690 ▼a0346
■690 ▼a0537
■690 ▼a0606
■690 ▼a0348
■71020▼aGeorgia Institute of Technology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-05B.
■790 ▼a0078
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360387▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


