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Methods for Leveraging Secondary Endpoints in the Analysis of Randomized Trials
Methods for Leveraging Secondary Endpoints in the Analysis of Randomized Trials
Methods for Leveraging Secondary Endpoints in the Analysis of Randomized Trials

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103623
ISBN  
9798286442478
DDC  
574
저자명  
Wolf, Jack Mathias.
서명/저자  
Methods for Leveraging Secondary Endpoints in the Analysis of Randomized Trials
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
130 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Vock, David M.;Koopmeiners, Joseph S.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. However, enrolling human participants can be expensive and slow, and put participants at risk of negative outcomes. Careful study design and planning is needed in order to efficiently use participants' data and not enroll more participants than necessary. This leads to a balance between designing trials that are powered to answer the most important questions versus trials that address less relevant questions with fewer participants enrolled. For example, there is often a trade-off between selecting the most scientifically relevant primary endpoint versus a less relevant, but more powerful, endpoint. Additionally, subpopulation analyses are often considered to answer additional questions regarding treatment effect heterogeneity; however, powering trials for these analyses requires far more participants than are required to analyze the average treatment effect. This motivates a large literature on improving the efficiency of randomized trials by optimally using the information that each participant provides. In practice, trials often measure and analyze several secondary endpoints, which augment the analysis of the primary endpoint; if multiple endpoints demonstrate a similar treatment effect, one might be more confident in the results of the trial than if the primary endpoint was considered in isolation. However, there is limited work on leveraging information from secondary efficacy endpoints to increase efficiency. This dissertation develops two novel methods to estimate the average treatment effect on the primary endpoint while leveraging data from secondary endpoints. Chapter 2 considers how secondary endpoints can be used to enhance dynamic data borrowing methods to more precisely estimate subpopulation average treatment effects. The proposed model incorporates secondary endpoints into the likelihood to more readily discern whether two subpopulations have homogeneous effects. This results in smaller biases than conventional methods when subpopulations have heterogeneous effects, but higher efficiency when subpopulations have homogeneous effects. Chapter 3 develops a treatment effect estimator based on a constrained joint model for primary and secondary endpoints. This estimator gains efficiency over the standard treatment effect estimator when the model is correctly specified and is robust to model misspecification. Chapter 4 considers how these two methods can be used within tobacco regulatory science and analyzes data from a recent trial of very low nicotine content cigarettes. The average treatment effect on abstinence from smoking is efficiently estimated within two subpopulations: people who smoke menthol cigarettes and people who smoke non-menthol cigarettes. These methods empower trialists to more efficiently use participant data in answering high impact scientific questions.
일반주제명  
Biostatistics
일반주제명  
Information science
키워드  
Efficiency
키워드  
Randomized controlled trial
키워드  
Secondary endpoint
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Biostatistics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a130  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Vock,  David  M.;Koopmeiners,  Joseph  S.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2025.
■520    ▼aRandomized  controlled  trials  are  the  gold  standard  for  evaluating  the  efficacy  of  an  intervention.  However,  enrolling  human  participants  can  be  expensive  and  slow,  and  put  participants  at  risk  of  negative  outcomes.  Careful  study  design  and  planning  is  needed  in  order  to  efficiently  use  participants'  data  and  not  enroll  more  participants  than  necessary.  This  leads  to  a  balance  between  designing  trials  that  are  powered  to  answer  the  most  important  questions  versus  trials  that  address  less  relevant  questions  with  fewer  participants  enrolled.  For  example,  there  is  often  a  trade-off  between  selecting  the  most  scientifically  relevant  primary  endpoint  versus  a  less  relevant,  but  more  powerful,  endpoint.  Additionally,  subpopulation  analyses  are  often  considered  to  answer  additional  questions  regarding  treatment  effect  heterogeneity;  however,  powering  trials  for  these  analyses  requires  far  more  participants  than  are  required  to  analyze  the  average  treatment  effect.  This  motivates  a  large  literature  on  improving  the  efficiency  of  randomized  trials  by  optimally  using  the  information  that  each  participant  provides.  In  practice,  trials  often  measure  and  analyze  several  secondary  endpoints,  which  augment  the  analysis  of  the  primary  endpoint;  if  multiple  endpoints  demonstrate  a  similar  treatment  effect,  one  might  be  more  confident  in  the  results  of  the  trial  than  if  the  primary  endpoint  was  considered  in  isolation.  However,  there  is  limited  work  on  leveraging  information  from  secondary  efficacy  endpoints  to  increase  efficiency.  This  dissertation  develops  two  novel  methods  to  estimate  the  average  treatment  effect  on  the  primary  endpoint  while  leveraging  data  from  secondary  endpoints.  Chapter  2  considers  how  secondary  endpoints  can  be  used  to  enhance  dynamic  data  borrowing  methods  to  more  precisely  estimate  subpopulation  average  treatment  effects.  The  proposed  model  incorporates  secondary  endpoints  into  the  likelihood  to  more  readily  discern  whether  two  subpopulations  have  homogeneous  effects.  This  results  in  smaller  biases  than  conventional  methods  when  subpopulations  have  heterogeneous  effects,  but  higher  efficiency  when  subpopulations  have  homogeneous  effects.  Chapter  3  develops  a  treatment  effect  estimator  based  on  a  constrained  joint  model  for  primary  and  secondary  endpoints.  This  estimator  gains  efficiency  over  the  standard  treatment  effect  estimator  when  the  model  is  correctly  specified  and  is  robust  to  model  misspecification.  Chapter  4  considers  how  these  two  methods  can  be  used  within  tobacco  regulatory  science  and  analyzes  data  from  a  recent  trial  of  very  low  nicotine  content  cigarettes.  The  average  treatment  effect  on  abstinence  from  smoking  is  efficiently  estimated  within  two  subpopulations:  people  who  smoke  menthol  cigarettes  and  people  who  smoke  non-menthol  cigarettes.  These  methods  empower  trialists  to  more  efficiently  use  participant  data  in  answering  high  impact  scientific  questions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aBiostatistics
■650  4▼aInformation  science
■653    ▼aEfficiency
■653    ▼aRandomized  controlled  trial
■653    ▼aSecondary  endpoint
■690    ▼a0308
■690    ▼a0723
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bBiostatistics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12A.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357957▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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