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The Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes
The Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104823
- ISBN
- 9798297646995
- DDC
- 574.5
- 서명/저자
- The Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Davis, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 173 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Karp, Daniel S.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Habitat loss is the primary driver of species loss and endangerment. Simultaneously, climate change is exposing organisms to hotter temperatures, both increasing average temperatures and more frequent extreme heat events. These two fundamental drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide are often analyzed in isolation. To explore how they might interact, for Chapter 1, I used a continental-scale, decades-long database of 150,000 bird nesting attempts to explore how extreme heat affects avian reproduction in forests, grasslands, agriculture, and developed areas across the U.S. I found that in forests, extreme heat increased nest success, but birds nesting in agriculture were less likely to successfully fledge young when temperatures reached anomalously high levels. Species that build exposed cup nests and species of higher conservation concern were particularly vulnerable to maximum temperature anomalies in agriculture. Finally, future projections suggested that ongoing climate change may exacerbate negative effects of habitat conversion on avian nesting success, thereby compromising conservation efforts in human-dominated landscapes. To explore how heat might reduce avian reproductive output, especially in agriculture, for Chapter 2, I established a network of ~200 nest boxes in row crops, grasslands, orchards, and riparian forests within California's Central Valley and monitored them from April-August 2021-2023. I then traced the effects of air temperature and land cover types on nest box temperatures, nestling corticosterone levels, parental visitation rates to nest boxes, and, ultimately, nestling growth and survival. For both Western Bluebirds and Tree Swallows, nestling survival was lowest in forests, probably because predators such as snakes and squirrels were more common. Nonetheless, I found that shaded forests and orchards significantly reduced nest box temperatures relative to grasslands and row crops. Western Bluebird nestlings grew slower in hotter nest boxes in row crops and grassland (but not orchards and forests) and survived less often in hotter nest boxes in forests and row crops. Hot temperatures also reduced Tree Swallow nestling growth in row crops (but not other land cover types), suggesting potential synergistic effects of heat exposure and additional stressors in agriculture. However, I documented few effects of land use and maximum temperature on corticosterone for both species. Moreover, hotter maximum temperatures reduced adult Western Bluebird nest visitation rates in forests and grasslands but, surprisingly, increased visitation rates in grasslands and had no effect in row crops. Ultimately, neither nestling visitation rates nor corticosterone conclusively identified the mechanisms linking extreme heat to reduced nestling growth in agriculture. Nonetheless, my findings still point to concrete strategies for supporting birds in working landscapes. Specifically, erecting nest boxes in seminatural habitats and/or shaded orchards, as well as maintaining interspersed patches of shaded trees in more open areas, may both support food resources and provide thermal refugia for adult birds in the face of ongoing climate change. Because temperate species with altricial young are constrained spatially and temporally during breeding, and thus have limited access to time, energy, and thermal refugia for behavioral thermoregulation, adults are forced to navigate a trade-off between self-maintenance and parental care during extreme heat events. For Chapter 3, I investigated this trade-off in Western Bluebirds and Tree Swallows nesting in cavities in the Central Valley of California, where ambient temperatures may exceed 45°C several times over the course of each breeding season. Specifically, I investigated the relationship between maximum hourly temperature and nest visitation, which I used as a proxy for provisioning. Then, I explored how prior heat exposure and female physiology affect the relationship between temperature and provisioning. I found different patterns across the two species: Western Bluebirds reduced their provisioning at higher temperatures, while Tree Swallows increased provisioning with hourly temperatures to a peak at ~46°C. Prior heat exposure was associated with reduced provisioning during hot hours of the following day for Western Bluebird but not Tree Swallow. The negative influence of temperature on Western Bluebird provisioning was strongest when females were in better body condition and had lower baseline corticosterone. Females in worse body condition or with higher baseline corticosterone tended to continue provisioning their young at high temperatures. In contrast, Tree Swallow pairs with a female in better body condition or with lower baseline corticosterone provisioned more overall. These results echo observed variation in population-level responses to heat such as range and phenology shifts and suggest that individual-level behavioral and physiological studies may improve our ability to organismal responses to ongoing climate change.
- 일반주제명
- Ecology
- 일반주제명
- Wildlife management
- 일반주제명
- Conservation biology
- 일반주제명
- Climate change
- 키워드
- Conservation
- 키워드
- Global change
- 키워드
- Management
- 키워드
- Ornithology
- 키워드
- Physiology
- 키워드
- Working lands
- 기타저자
- University of California, Davis Ecology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798297646995
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32169511
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574.5
■1001 ▼aLauck, Katherine S.
■24510▼aThe Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Davis▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a173 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Karp, Daniel S.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
■520 ▼aHabitat loss is the primary driver of species loss and endangerment. Simultaneously, climate change is exposing organisms to hotter temperatures, both increasing average temperatures and more frequent extreme heat events. These two fundamental drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide are often analyzed in isolation. To explore how they might interact, for Chapter 1, I used a continental-scale, decades-long database of 150,000 bird nesting attempts to explore how extreme heat affects avian reproduction in forests, grasslands, agriculture, and developed areas across the U.S. I found that in forests, extreme heat increased nest success, but birds nesting in agriculture were less likely to successfully fledge young when temperatures reached anomalously high levels. Species that build exposed cup nests and species of higher conservation concern were particularly vulnerable to maximum temperature anomalies in agriculture. Finally, future projections suggested that ongoing climate change may exacerbate negative effects of habitat conversion on avian nesting success, thereby compromising conservation efforts in human-dominated landscapes. To explore how heat might reduce avian reproductive output, especially in agriculture, for Chapter 2, I established a network of ~200 nest boxes in row crops, grasslands, orchards, and riparian forests within California's Central Valley and monitored them from April-August 2021-2023. I then traced the effects of air temperature and land cover types on nest box temperatures, nestling corticosterone levels, parental visitation rates to nest boxes, and, ultimately, nestling growth and survival. For both Western Bluebirds and Tree Swallows, nestling survival was lowest in forests, probably because predators such as snakes and squirrels were more common. Nonetheless, I found that shaded forests and orchards significantly reduced nest box temperatures relative to grasslands and row crops. Western Bluebird nestlings grew slower in hotter nest boxes in row crops and grassland (but not orchards and forests) and survived less often in hotter nest boxes in forests and row crops. Hot temperatures also reduced Tree Swallow nestling growth in row crops (but not other land cover types), suggesting potential synergistic effects of heat exposure and additional stressors in agriculture. However, I documented few effects of land use and maximum temperature on corticosterone for both species. Moreover, hotter maximum temperatures reduced adult Western Bluebird nest visitation rates in forests and grasslands but, surprisingly, increased visitation rates in grasslands and had no effect in row crops. Ultimately, neither nestling visitation rates nor corticosterone conclusively identified the mechanisms linking extreme heat to reduced nestling growth in agriculture. Nonetheless, my findings still point to concrete strategies for supporting birds in working landscapes. Specifically, erecting nest boxes in seminatural habitats and/or shaded orchards, as well as maintaining interspersed patches of shaded trees in more open areas, may both support food resources and provide thermal refugia for adult birds in the face of ongoing climate change. Because temperate species with altricial young are constrained spatially and temporally during breeding, and thus have limited access to time, energy, and thermal refugia for behavioral thermoregulation, adults are forced to navigate a trade-off between self-maintenance and parental care during extreme heat events. For Chapter 3, I investigated this trade-off in Western Bluebirds and Tree Swallows nesting in cavities in the Central Valley of California, where ambient temperatures may exceed 45°C several times over the course of each breeding season. Specifically, I investigated the relationship between maximum hourly temperature and nest visitation, which I used as a proxy for provisioning. Then, I explored how prior heat exposure and female physiology affect the relationship between temperature and provisioning. I found different patterns across the two species: Western Bluebirds reduced their provisioning at higher temperatures, while Tree Swallows increased provisioning with hourly temperatures to a peak at ~46°C. Prior heat exposure was associated with reduced provisioning during hot hours of the following day for Western Bluebird but not Tree Swallow. The negative influence of temperature on Western Bluebird provisioning was strongest when females were in better body condition and had lower baseline corticosterone. Females in worse body condition or with higher baseline corticosterone tended to continue provisioning their young at high temperatures. In contrast, Tree Swallow pairs with a female in better body condition or with lower baseline corticosterone provisioned more overall. These results echo observed variation in population-level responses to heat such as range and phenology shifts and suggest that individual-level behavioral and physiological studies may improve our ability to organismal responses to ongoing climate change.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0029.
■650 4▼aEcology
■650 4▼aWildlife management
■650 4▼aConservation biology
■650 4▼aClimate change
■653 ▼aConservation
■653 ▼aGlobal change
■653 ▼aManagement
■653 ▼aOrnithology
■653 ▼aPhysiology
■653 ▼aWorking lands
■690 ▼a0329
■690 ▼a0286
■690 ▼a0408
■690 ▼a0404
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Davis▼bEcology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-04B.
■790 ▼a0029
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359023▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


