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The Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes
The Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes
The Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104823
ISBN  
9798297646995
DDC  
574.5
저자명  
Lauck, Katherine S.
서명/저자  
The Effects of Heat on Avian Reproduction in Agricultural Landscapes
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Davis, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
173 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Karp, Daniel S.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Habitat loss is the primary driver of species loss and endangerment. Simultaneously, climate change is exposing organisms to hotter temperatures, both increasing average temperatures and more frequent extreme heat events. These two fundamental drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide are often analyzed in isolation. To explore how they might interact, for Chapter 1, I used a continental-scale, decades-long database of 150,000 bird nesting attempts to explore how extreme heat affects avian reproduction in forests, grasslands, agriculture, and developed areas across the U.S. I found that in forests, extreme heat increased nest success, but birds nesting in agriculture were less likely to successfully fledge young when temperatures reached anomalously high levels. Species that build exposed cup nests and species of higher conservation concern were particularly vulnerable to maximum temperature anomalies in agriculture. Finally, future projections suggested that ongoing climate change may exacerbate negative effects of habitat conversion on avian nesting success, thereby compromising conservation efforts in human-dominated landscapes. To explore how heat might reduce avian reproductive output, especially in agriculture, for Chapter 2, I established a network of ~200 nest boxes in row crops, grasslands, orchards, and riparian forests within California's Central Valley and monitored them from April-August 2021-2023. I then traced the effects of air temperature and land cover types on nest box temperatures, nestling corticosterone levels, parental visitation rates to nest boxes, and, ultimately, nestling growth and survival. For both Western Bluebirds and Tree Swallows, nestling survival was lowest in forests, probably because predators such as snakes and squirrels were more common. Nonetheless, I found that shaded forests and orchards significantly reduced nest box temperatures relative to grasslands and row crops. Western Bluebird nestlings grew slower in hotter nest boxes in row crops and grassland (but not orchards and forests) and survived less often in hotter nest boxes in forests and row crops. Hot temperatures also reduced Tree Swallow nestling growth in row crops (but not other land cover types), suggesting potential synergistic effects of heat exposure and additional stressors in agriculture. However, I documented few effects of land use and maximum temperature on corticosterone for both species. Moreover, hotter maximum temperatures reduced adult Western Bluebird nest visitation rates in forests and grasslands but, surprisingly, increased visitation rates in grasslands and had no effect in row crops. Ultimately, neither nestling visitation rates nor corticosterone conclusively identified the mechanisms linking extreme heat to reduced nestling growth in agriculture. Nonetheless, my findings still point to concrete strategies for supporting birds in working landscapes. Specifically, erecting nest boxes in seminatural habitats and/or shaded orchards, as well as maintaining interspersed patches of shaded trees in more open areas, may both support food resources and provide thermal refugia for adult birds in the face of ongoing climate change. Because temperate species with altricial young are constrained spatially and temporally during breeding, and thus have limited access to time, energy, and thermal refugia for behavioral thermoregulation, adults are forced to navigate a trade-off between self-maintenance and parental care during extreme heat events. For Chapter 3, I investigated this trade-off in Western Bluebirds and Tree Swallows nesting in cavities in the Central Valley of California, where ambient temperatures may exceed 45°C several times over the course of each breeding season. Specifically, I investigated the relationship between maximum hourly temperature and nest visitation, which I used as a proxy for provisioning. Then, I explored how prior heat exposure and female physiology affect the relationship between temperature and provisioning. I found different patterns across the two species: Western Bluebirds reduced their provisioning at higher temperatures, while Tree Swallows increased provisioning with hourly temperatures to a peak at ~46°C. Prior heat exposure was associated with reduced provisioning during hot hours of the following day for Western Bluebird but not Tree Swallow. The negative influence of temperature on Western Bluebird provisioning was strongest when females were in better body condition and had lower baseline corticosterone. Females in worse body condition or with higher baseline corticosterone tended to continue provisioning their young at high temperatures. In contrast, Tree Swallow pairs with a female in better body condition or with lower baseline corticosterone provisioned more overall. These results echo observed variation in population-level responses to heat such as range and phenology shifts and suggest that individual-level behavioral and physiological studies may improve our ability to organismal responses to ongoing climate change.
일반주제명  
Ecology
일반주제명  
Wildlife management
일반주제명  
Conservation biology
일반주제명  
Climate change
키워드  
Conservation
키워드  
Global change
키워드  
Management
키워드  
Ornithology
키워드  
Physiology
키워드  
Working lands
기타저자  
University of California, Davis Ecology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aLauck,  Katherine  S.
■24510▼aThe  Effects  of  Heat  on  Avian  Reproduction  in  Agricultural  Landscapes
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a173  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Karp,  Daniel  S.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Davis,  2025.
■520    ▼aHabitat  loss  is  the  primary  driver  of  species  loss  and  endangerment.  Simultaneously,  climate  change  is  exposing  organisms  to  hotter  temperatures,  both  increasing  average  temperatures  and  more  frequent  extreme  heat  events.  These  two  fundamental  drivers  of  biodiversity  loss  worldwide  are  often  analyzed  in  isolation.  To  explore  how  they  might  interact,  for  Chapter  1,  I  used  a  continental-scale,  decades-long  database  of  150,000  bird  nesting  attempts  to  explore  how  extreme  heat  affects  avian  reproduction  in  forests,  grasslands,  agriculture,  and  developed  areas  across  the  U.S.  I  found  that  in  forests,  extreme  heat  increased  nest  success,  but  birds  nesting  in  agriculture  were  less  likely  to  successfully  fledge  young  when  temperatures  reached  anomalously  high  levels.  Species  that  build  exposed  cup  nests  and  species  of  higher  conservation  concern  were  particularly  vulnerable  to  maximum  temperature  anomalies  in  agriculture.  Finally,  future  projections  suggested  that  ongoing  climate  change  may  exacerbate  negative  effects  of  habitat  conversion  on  avian  nesting  success,  thereby  compromising  conservation  efforts  in  human-dominated  landscapes.  To  explore  how  heat  might  reduce  avian  reproductive  output,  especially  in  agriculture,  for  Chapter  2,  I  established  a  network  of  ~200  nest  boxes  in  row  crops,  grasslands,  orchards,  and  riparian  forests  within  California's  Central  Valley  and  monitored  them  from  April-August  2021-2023.  I  then  traced  the  effects  of  air  temperature  and  land  cover  types  on  nest  box  temperatures,  nestling  corticosterone  levels,  parental  visitation  rates  to  nest  boxes,  and,  ultimately,  nestling  growth  and  survival.  For  both  Western  Bluebirds  and  Tree  Swallows,  nestling  survival  was  lowest  in  forests,  probably  because  predators  such  as  snakes  and  squirrels  were  more  common.  Nonetheless,  I  found  that  shaded  forests  and  orchards  significantly  reduced  nest  box  temperatures  relative  to  grasslands  and  row  crops.  Western  Bluebird  nestlings  grew  slower  in  hotter  nest  boxes  in  row  crops  and  grassland  (but  not  orchards  and  forests)  and  survived  less  often  in  hotter  nest  boxes  in  forests  and  row  crops.  Hot  temperatures  also  reduced  Tree  Swallow  nestling  growth  in  row  crops  (but  not  other  land  cover  types),  suggesting  potential  synergistic  effects  of  heat  exposure  and  additional  stressors  in  agriculture.  However,  I  documented  few  effects  of  land  use  and  maximum  temperature  on  corticosterone  for  both  species.  Moreover,  hotter  maximum  temperatures  reduced  adult  Western  Bluebird  nest  visitation  rates  in  forests  and  grasslands  but,  surprisingly,  increased  visitation  rates  in  grasslands  and  had  no  effect  in  row  crops.  Ultimately,  neither  nestling  visitation  rates  nor  corticosterone  conclusively  identified  the  mechanisms  linking  extreme  heat  to  reduced  nestling  growth  in  agriculture.  Nonetheless,  my  findings  still  point  to  concrete  strategies  for  supporting  birds  in  working  landscapes.  Specifically,  erecting  nest  boxes  in  seminatural  habitats  and/or  shaded  orchards,  as  well  as  maintaining  interspersed  patches  of  shaded  trees  in  more  open  areas,  may  both  support  food  resources  and  provide  thermal  refugia  for  adult  birds  in  the  face  of  ongoing  climate  change.  Because  temperate  species  with  altricial  young  are  constrained  spatially  and  temporally  during  breeding,  and  thus  have  limited  access  to  time,  energy,  and  thermal  refugia  for  behavioral  thermoregulation,  adults  are  forced  to  navigate  a  trade-off  between  self-maintenance  and  parental  care  during  extreme  heat  events.  For  Chapter  3,  I  investigated  this  trade-off  in  Western  Bluebirds  and  Tree  Swallows  nesting  in  cavities  in  the  Central  Valley  of  California,  where  ambient  temperatures  may  exceed  45°C  several  times  over  the  course  of  each  breeding  season.  Specifically,  I  investigated  the  relationship  between  maximum  hourly  temperature  and  nest  visitation,  which  I  used  as  a  proxy  for  provisioning.  Then,  I  explored  how  prior  heat  exposure  and  female  physiology  affect  the  relationship  between  temperature  and  provisioning.  I  found  different  patterns  across  the  two  species:  Western  Bluebirds  reduced  their  provisioning  at  higher  temperatures,  while  Tree  Swallows  increased  provisioning  with  hourly  temperatures  to  a  peak  at  ~46°C.  Prior  heat  exposure  was  associated  with  reduced  provisioning  during  hot  hours  of  the  following  day  for  Western  Bluebird  but  not  Tree  Swallow.  The  negative  influence  of  temperature  on  Western  Bluebird  provisioning  was  strongest  when  females  were  in  better  body  condition  and  had  lower  baseline  corticosterone.  Females  in  worse  body  condition  or  with  higher  baseline  corticosterone  tended  to  continue  provisioning  their  young  at  high  temperatures.  In  contrast,  Tree  Swallow  pairs  with  a  female  in  better  body  condition  or  with  lower  baseline  corticosterone  provisioned  more  overall.  These  results  echo  observed  variation  in  population-level  responses  to  heat  such  as  range  and  phenology  shifts  and  suggest  that  individual-level  behavioral  and  physiological  studies  may  improve  our  ability  to  organismal  responses  to  ongoing  climate  change.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0029.
■650  4▼aEcology
■650  4▼aWildlife  management
■650  4▼aConservation  biology
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■653    ▼aConservation
■653    ▼aGlobal  change
■653    ▼aManagement
■653    ▼aOrnithology
■653    ▼aPhysiology
■653    ▼aWorking  lands
■690    ▼a0329
■690    ▼a0286
■690    ▼a0408
■690    ▼a0404
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼bEcology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0029
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359023▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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