본문

서브메뉴

The Conformation-Activity Relationship of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase
The Conformation-Activity Relationship of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase
The Conformation-Activity Relationship of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104826
ISBN  
9798293892419
DDC  
574
저자명  
Houghton, Kimberly A.
서명/저자  
The Conformation-Activity Relationship of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
143 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Marletta, Michael A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heme-containing heterodimeric protein which is a specific sensor of nitric oxide (NO). When stimulated by NO, sGC catalyzes the formation of 3',5'- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine 5'triphosphate (GTP). The cGMP formed by sGC serves as a secondary messenger molecule which modulates numerous physiological responses including cardiovascular regulation and neurotransmission. Disruption of the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway has been implicated in numerous pathologies of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, leading to intense research to both better understand the physiological activation of sGC and to develop small molecule therapeutics, stimulators, capable of increasing sGC activity without increasing circulating concentrations of NO.sGC is composed of two homologous α and β subunits. Each subunit contains an N-terminal heme nitric oxide oxygen binding (H-NOX) domain, Per/Arnt/Sim (PAS) and coiled-coil (CC) domains, and a C-terminal catalytic (CAT) domain. When no NO is bound at the heme (U), sGC has a low, basal level of activity. NO-binding to the heme (1-NO) increases the activity of the enzyme roughly five-fold. When concentrations of NO are in excess to the heme in sGC (xsNO), activity increases 100-fold above basal activity. Despite intense research, the mechanisms behind the excess NO activation of sGC remain unsolved. Recently solved full-length cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures for sGC in the U and xsNO states have revealed that the CC domain plays a significant role in signal transduction in sGC. In the absence of NO, a short region of the CC domain in each subunit is bent, leading to an overall contracted conformation of the enzyme. In the presence of xsNO, the bent regions of the CC domains straighten, leading to an extension of the enzyme which is believed to contribute to the increased catalytic activity of sGC in the xsNO state. Additional cryo-EM structures soon revealed that small molecule stimulators, including FDA-approved Adempas®, bind sGC in regions which facilitate the straightening of the bent region of the CC domains. Thus, these cryo-EM structures provided the first evidence for a conformation-activity relationship in sGC.Observations of conformational change in the bent regions of the CC domains of sGC led to direct interrogation of the role of the CC domains in allosteric communication in sGC. Structure-guided mutagenesis was used to engineer two CC domain variants of sGC, one with a constitutively bent CC domain and another with a constitutively straightened CC domain. When the catalytic activities of these variant proteins were characterized, the constitutively bent protein displayed low activity even in the presence of excess NO, and the constitutively extended protein exhibited maximal activity even in the complete absence of NO. These results revealed that conformational change in the CC domains is necessary and sufficient for determining the level of sGC activity.Initial cryo-EM structures characterizing stimulator binding to sGC were performed using stimulators which shared extensive structural similarities. A structurally unique stimulator, CYR715, was found to be a potent stimulator of wild type and βC122 variants of sGC, even in the complete absence of NO. Cryo-EM structures were solved for CYR715 bound to sGC, revealing that the stimulator bound to the same sites as previously characterized stimulators, but with additional binding interactions at crucial residues in sGC which could contribute to straightening of the CC domains in NO-free conditions. Small-angle X-ray scattering data were also collected for sGC under various activating conditions, revealing that conformational extension following ligand binding in sGC is complex and cannot be directly correlated to catalytic activity.In excess NO conditions, sGC undergoes full conformational extension following a non-heme interaction with NO. Current data support a role for a reversible cysteine-NO adduct in the excess NO activation of sGC, but the exact site for this interaction has yet to be determined. Cysteine-labeling reagents were used to attempt to determine which cysteines could be responsible for this excess NO interaction, but these methods resulted in the labeling of a crucial catalytic cysteine in sGC. Bioinformatic approaches were used to investigate patterns of cysteine conservation across thousands of sGC sequences, revealing cysteines which could serve as the non-heme second site for the full activation of sGC by NO.sGC is a conformationally dynamic protein, and those conformational movements result in significant changes in catalytic activity. Conformations correlating to the basal and maximal activity states have been characterized, but the conformation(s) of the intermediate activity 1-NO state have yet to be determined. How sGC samples these conformations or how these conformations might be differentially populated during activating steps is also unknown. A model for the sGC conformational landscape, built upon structural and biochemical characterizations, is necessary to answer the remaining questions regarding sGC activation by both NO and small molecule therapeutics.
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
키워드  
Cryo-electron microscopy
키워드  
Nitric oxide
키워드  
Small-angle X-ray scattering
키워드  
Soluble guanylate cyclase
키워드  
Stimulators
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008260126s2025        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017359045
■00520260202104826
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798293892419
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32169938
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574
■1001  ▼aHoughton,  Kimberly  A.
■24510▼aThe  Conformation-Activity  Relationship  of  Soluble  Guanylate  Cyclase
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a143  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Marletta,  Michael  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aSoluble  guanylate  cyclase  (sGC)  is  a  heme-containing  heterodimeric  protein  which  is  a  specific  sensor  of  nitric  oxide  (NO).  When  stimulated  by  NO,  sGC  catalyzes  the  formation  of  3',5'-  cyclic  guanosine  monophosphate  (cGMP)  from  guanosine  5'triphosphate  (GTP).  The  cGMP  formed  by  sGC  serves  as  a  secondary  messenger  molecule  which  modulates  numerous  physiological  responses  including  cardiovascular  regulation  and  neurotransmission.  Disruption  of  the  NO-sGC-cGMP  signaling  pathway  has  been  implicated  in  numerous  pathologies  of  the  cardiovascular  and  pulmonary  systems,  leading  to  intense  research  to  both  better  understand  the  physiological  activation  of  sGC  and  to  develop  small  molecule  therapeutics,  stimulators,  capable  of  increasing  sGC  activity  without  increasing  circulating  concentrations  of  NO.sGC  is  composed  of  two  homologous  α  and  β  subunits.  Each  subunit  contains  an  N-terminal  heme  nitric  oxide  oxygen  binding  (H-NOX)  domain,  Per/Arnt/Sim  (PAS)  and  coiled-coil  (CC)  domains,  and  a  C-terminal  catalytic  (CAT)  domain.  When  no  NO  is  bound  at  the  heme  (U),  sGC  has  a  low,  basal  level  of  activity.  NO-binding  to  the  heme  (1-NO)  increases  the  activity  of  the  enzyme  roughly  five-fold.  When  concentrations  of  NO  are  in  excess  to  the  heme  in  sGC  (xsNO),  activity  increases  100-fold  above  basal  activity.  Despite  intense  research,  the  mechanisms  behind  the  excess  NO  activation  of  sGC  remain  unsolved.  Recently  solved  full-length  cryo-electron  microscopy  (cryo-EM)  structures  for  sGC  in  the  U  and  xsNO  states  have  revealed  that  the  CC  domain  plays  a  significant  role  in  signal  transduction  in  sGC.  In  the  absence  of  NO,  a  short  region  of  the  CC  domain  in  each  subunit  is  bent,  leading  to  an  overall  contracted  conformation  of  the  enzyme.  In  the  presence  of  xsNO,  the  bent  regions  of  the  CC  domains  straighten,  leading  to  an  extension  of  the  enzyme  which  is  believed  to  contribute  to  the  increased  catalytic  activity  of  sGC  in  the  xsNO  state.  Additional  cryo-EM  structures  soon  revealed  that  small  molecule  stimulators,  including  FDA-approved  Adempas®,  bind  sGC  in  regions  which  facilitate  the  straightening  of  the  bent  region  of  the  CC  domains.  Thus,  these  cryo-EM  structures  provided  the  first  evidence  for  a  conformation-activity  relationship  in  sGC.Observations  of  conformational  change  in  the  bent  regions  of  the  CC  domains  of  sGC  led  to  direct  interrogation  of  the  role  of  the  CC  domains  in  allosteric  communication  in  sGC.  Structure-guided  mutagenesis  was  used  to  engineer  two  CC  domain  variants  of  sGC,  one  with  a constitutively  bent  CC  domain  and  another  with  a  constitutively  straightened  CC  domain.  When  the  catalytic  activities  of  these  variant  proteins  were  characterized,  the  constitutively  bent  protein  displayed  low  activity  even  in  the  presence  of  excess  NO,  and  the  constitutively  extended  protein  exhibited  maximal  activity  even  in  the  complete  absence  of  NO.  These  results  revealed  that  conformational  change  in  the  CC  domains  is  necessary  and  sufficient  for  determining  the  level  of  sGC  activity.Initial  cryo-EM  structures  characterizing  stimulator  binding  to  sGC  were  performed  using  stimulators  which  shared  extensive  structural  similarities.  A  structurally  unique  stimulator,  CYR715,  was  found  to  be  a  potent  stimulator  of  wild  type  and  βC122  variants  of  sGC,  even  in  the  complete  absence  of  NO.  Cryo-EM  structures  were  solved  for  CYR715  bound  to  sGC,  revealing  that  the  stimulator  bound  to  the  same  sites  as  previously  characterized  stimulators,  but  with  additional  binding  interactions  at  crucial  residues  in  sGC  which  could  contribute  to  straightening  of  the  CC  domains  in  NO-free  conditions.  Small-angle  X-ray  scattering  data  were  also  collected  for  sGC  under  various  activating  conditions,  revealing  that  conformational  extension  following  ligand  binding  in  sGC  is  complex  and  cannot  be  directly  correlated  to  catalytic  activity.In  excess  NO  conditions,  sGC  undergoes  full  conformational  extension  following  a  non-heme  interaction  with  NO.  Current  data  support  a  role  for  a  reversible  cysteine-NO  adduct  in  the  excess  NO  activation  of  sGC,  but  the  exact  site  for  this  interaction  has  yet  to  be  determined.  Cysteine-labeling  reagents  were  used  to  attempt  to  determine  which  cysteines  could  be  responsible  for  this  excess  NO  interaction,  but  these  methods  resulted  in  the  labeling  of  a  crucial  catalytic  cysteine  in  sGC.  Bioinformatic  approaches  were  used  to  investigate  patterns  of  cysteine  conservation  across  thousands  of  sGC  sequences,  revealing  cysteines  which  could  serve  as  the  non-heme  second  site  for  the  full  activation  of  sGC  by  NO.sGC  is  a  conformationally  dynamic  protein,  and  those  conformational  movements  result  in  significant  changes  in  catalytic  activity.  Conformations  correlating  to  the  basal  and  maximal  activity  states  have  been  characterized,  but  the  conformation(s)  of  the  intermediate  activity  1-NO  state  have  yet  to  be  determined.  How  sGC  samples  these  conformations  or  how  these  conformations  might  be  differentially  populated  during  activating  steps  is  also  unknown.  A  model  for  the  sGC  conformational  landscape,  built  upon  structural  and  biochemical  characterizations,  is  necessary  to  answer  the  remaining  questions  regarding  sGC  activation  by  both  NO  and  small  molecule  therapeutics.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■653    ▼aCryo-electron  microscopy
■653    ▼aNitric  oxide
■653    ▼aSmall-angle  X-ray  scattering
■653    ▼aSoluble  guanylate  cyclase
■653    ▼aStimulators
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0486
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359045▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

미리보기

내보내기

chatGPT토론

Ai 추천 관련 도서


    신착도서 더보기
    최근 3년간 통계입니다.

    소장정보

    • 예약
    • 소재불명신고
    • 나의폴더
    • 우선정리요청
    • 비도서대출신청
    • 야간 도서대출신청
    소장자료
    등록번호 청구기호 소장처 대출가능여부 대출정보
    TF17284 전자도서 대출가능 마이폴더 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청 야간 도서대출신청

    * 대출중인 자료에 한하여 예약이 가능합니다. 예약을 원하시면 예약버튼을 클릭하십시오.

    해당 도서를 다른 이용자가 함께 대출한 도서

    관련 인기도서

    로그인 후 이용 가능합니다.