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Seismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that Shaped the Lithosphere
Seismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that Shaped the Lithosphere
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103630
- ISBN
- 9798291542293
- DDC
- 550
- 서명/저자
- Seismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that Shaped the Lithosphere
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Santa Barbara, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 325 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Eilon, Zachary.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The tectonic plate of the US was constructed from numerous tectonic events, making it an excellent location to study a diverse range of tectonic processes. Models of seismic velocity and anisotropy, the directional dependence of velocity, have proven invaluable for illuminating the interior structure of the Earth. Despite the numerous seismic models of the US, several key features of the lithosphere and asthenosphere remain uncertain. These include the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), the distribution and character of mid-lithospheric velocity discontinuities (MLDs), seismic anisotropy and its relationship to previous deformation, how the plate causes mantle flow, and how mantle flow influences the evolution of the plate. At the continent-ocean transition of rifted passive margins in particular, little imaging exists to cover the base of the lithosphere or the asthenosphere, making it unclear how continental breakup modified the plate.In this dissertation, I produced seismic models of the lithosphere and asthenosphere of the US. I leveraged the excellent broadband seismometer coverage of the conterminous US along with ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) offshore of the eastern North American rifted margin. In Chapter 2, I leveraged this OBS dataset to construct teleseismic shear-wave splitting and differential travel time tomography, producing a velocity and anisotropy model that covers the continent-ocean transition of the mantle. In Chapter 3, I addressed limitations in the well known receiver function H − κ stack method to incorporate radial anisotropy into estimations of the thickness of the crust. In Chapter 4, I conducted a joint inversion of numerous complementary surface wave and receiver function datasets to produce a velocity and anisotropy model of the eastern US. In Chapter 5, I expanded this methodology and data to produce a plate scale model of the conterminous US.While the tectonic events that built the continent likely left a complex signature through the continental lithosphere, features such as sutures are rarely seen through the lithospheric mantle due to limitations in resolution. One of the most striking aspects of my models is the strong correlation of seismic parameters to tectonic boundaries. For example, low wavespeed mantle extends through the lithosphere at the Grenville front, and may be related to an ancient suture. The drop in lithospheric thickness along the Appalachian front appears responsible for the high elevation of the mountain range. I identified sharp changes in crustal thickness and anisotropy that precisely follows the borders of tectonic provinces, including the Basin and Range. Crustal anisotropy tends to be horizontal in extensional regions, even in ancient failed rifts, suggesting the strong influence of crustal deformation on mineral fabrics in the crust.My models suggest that the shape of the lithosphere is a key contributor to mantle flow, causing edge-driven convection and/or shear-driven upwelling. This mantle flow, in turn, erodes and reshapes the lithosphere and continent. Three well-known low velocity anomalies in the mantle of the eastern US are placed near a step in lithospheric thickness, which can be parsimoniously explained as edge-driven convection cells. The asthenosphere offshore of the eastern US appears to actively flow, indicated by anisotropy that is strongly misaligned with plate motion. Despite the tectonic inactivity of the eastern US, these results show that the mantle is highly active. In the western US, I imaged sharp drops in lithospheric thickness along the continental core and Colorado Plateau, which promotes edge-driven convection, contributing to reshaping the western US lithosphere.Our plate-scale models shed new light on the historical and ongoing tectonic evolution of the plate of the conterminous US. Previous tectonic events left a mark on the lithosphere, whose shape controls mantle flow, in turn influencing the evolution of the plate.
- 일반주제명
- Geophysics
- 일반주제명
- Plate tectonics
- 키워드
- Anisotropy
- 키워드
- Asthenosphere
- 키워드
- Lithosphere
- 키워드
- Mantle flow
- 키워드
- Tomography
- 기타저자
- University of California, Santa Barbara Earth Science
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202103630
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798291542293
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32046787
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a550
■1001 ▼aBrunsvik, Brennan.
■24510▼aSeismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that Shaped the Lithosphere
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Santa Barbara▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a325 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Eilon, Zachary.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2025.
■520 ▼aThe tectonic plate of the US was constructed from numerous tectonic events, making it an excellent location to study a diverse range of tectonic processes. Models of seismic velocity and anisotropy, the directional dependence of velocity, have proven invaluable for illuminating the interior structure of the Earth. Despite the numerous seismic models of the US, several key features of the lithosphere and asthenosphere remain uncertain. These include the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), the distribution and character of mid-lithospheric velocity discontinuities (MLDs), seismic anisotropy and its relationship to previous deformation, how the plate causes mantle flow, and how mantle flow influences the evolution of the plate. At the continent-ocean transition of rifted passive margins in particular, little imaging exists to cover the base of the lithosphere or the asthenosphere, making it unclear how continental breakup modified the plate.In this dissertation, I produced seismic models of the lithosphere and asthenosphere of the US. I leveraged the excellent broadband seismometer coverage of the conterminous US along with ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) offshore of the eastern North American rifted margin. In Chapter 2, I leveraged this OBS dataset to construct teleseismic shear-wave splitting and differential travel time tomography, producing a velocity and anisotropy model that covers the continent-ocean transition of the mantle. In Chapter 3, I addressed limitations in the well known receiver function H − κ stack method to incorporate radial anisotropy into estimations of the thickness of the crust. In Chapter 4, I conducted a joint inversion of numerous complementary surface wave and receiver function datasets to produce a velocity and anisotropy model of the eastern US. In Chapter 5, I expanded this methodology and data to produce a plate scale model of the conterminous US.While the tectonic events that built the continent likely left a complex signature through the continental lithosphere, features such as sutures are rarely seen through the lithospheric mantle due to limitations in resolution. One of the most striking aspects of my models is the strong correlation of seismic parameters to tectonic boundaries. For example, low wavespeed mantle extends through the lithosphere at the Grenville front, and may be related to an ancient suture. The drop in lithospheric thickness along the Appalachian front appears responsible for the high elevation of the mountain range. I identified sharp changes in crustal thickness and anisotropy that precisely follows the borders of tectonic provinces, including the Basin and Range. Crustal anisotropy tends to be horizontal in extensional regions, even in ancient failed rifts, suggesting the strong influence of crustal deformation on mineral fabrics in the crust.My models suggest that the shape of the lithosphere is a key contributor to mantle flow, causing edge-driven convection and/or shear-driven upwelling. This mantle flow, in turn, erodes and reshapes the lithosphere and continent. Three well-known low velocity anomalies in the mantle of the eastern US are placed near a step in lithospheric thickness, which can be parsimoniously explained as edge-driven convection cells. The asthenosphere offshore of the eastern US appears to actively flow, indicated by anisotropy that is strongly misaligned with plate motion. Despite the tectonic inactivity of the eastern US, these results show that the mantle is highly active. In the western US, I imaged sharp drops in lithospheric thickness along the continental core and Colorado Plateau, which promotes edge-driven convection, contributing to reshaping the western US lithosphere.Our plate-scale models shed new light on the historical and ongoing tectonic evolution of the plate of the conterminous US. Previous tectonic events left a mark on the lithosphere, whose shape controls mantle flow, in turn influencing the evolution of the plate.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0035.
■650 4▼aGeophysics
■650 4▼aPlate tectonics
■653 ▼aAnisotropy
■653 ▼aAsthenosphere
■653 ▼aLithosphere
■653 ▼aMantle flow
■653 ▼aTomography
■690 ▼a0373
■690 ▼a0467
■690 ▼a0592
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Santa Barbara▼bEarth Science.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0035
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358009▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


