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Seismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that Shaped the Lithosphere
Seismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that...
Seismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that Shaped the Lithosphere

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103630
ISBN  
9798291542293
DDC  
550
저자명  
Brunsvik, Brennan.
서명/저자  
Seismological Imaging of the US Using Complementary Datasets Reveals Mantle Processes that Shaped the Lithosphere
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Santa Barbara, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
325 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Eilon, Zachary.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The tectonic plate of the US was constructed from numerous tectonic events, making it an excellent location to study a diverse range of tectonic processes. Models of seismic velocity and anisotropy, the directional dependence of velocity, have proven invaluable for illuminating the interior structure of the Earth. Despite the numerous seismic models of the US, several key features of the lithosphere and asthenosphere remain uncertain. These include the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), the distribution and character of mid-lithospheric velocity discontinuities (MLDs), seismic anisotropy and its relationship to previous deformation, how the plate causes mantle flow, and how mantle flow influences the evolution of the plate. At the continent-ocean transition of rifted passive margins in particular, little imaging exists to cover the base of the lithosphere or the asthenosphere, making it unclear how continental breakup modified the plate.In this dissertation, I produced seismic models of the lithosphere and asthenosphere of the US. I leveraged the excellent broadband seismometer coverage of the conterminous US along with ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) offshore of the eastern North American rifted margin. In Chapter 2, I leveraged this OBS dataset to construct teleseismic shear-wave splitting and differential travel time tomography, producing a velocity and anisotropy model that covers the continent-ocean transition of the mantle. In Chapter 3, I addressed limitations in the well known receiver function H − κ stack method to incorporate radial anisotropy into estimations of the thickness of the crust. In Chapter 4, I conducted a joint inversion of numerous complementary surface wave and receiver function datasets to produce a velocity and anisotropy model of the eastern US. In Chapter 5, I expanded this methodology and data to produce a plate scale model of the conterminous US.While the tectonic events that built the continent likely left a complex signature through the continental lithosphere, features such as sutures are rarely seen through the lithospheric mantle due to limitations in resolution. One of the most striking aspects of my models is the strong correlation of seismic parameters to tectonic boundaries. For example, low wavespeed mantle extends through the lithosphere at the Grenville front, and may be related to an ancient suture. The drop in lithospheric thickness along the Appalachian front appears responsible for the high elevation of the mountain range. I identified sharp changes in crustal thickness and anisotropy that precisely follows the borders of tectonic provinces, including the Basin and Range. Crustal anisotropy tends to be horizontal in extensional regions, even in ancient failed rifts, suggesting the strong influence of crustal deformation on mineral fabrics in the crust.My models suggest that the shape of the lithosphere is a key contributor to mantle flow, causing edge-driven convection and/or shear-driven upwelling. This mantle flow, in turn, erodes and reshapes the lithosphere and continent. Three well-known low velocity anomalies in the mantle of the eastern US are placed near a step in lithospheric thickness, which can be parsimoniously explained as edge-driven convection cells. The asthenosphere offshore of the eastern US appears to actively flow, indicated by anisotropy that is strongly misaligned with plate motion. Despite the tectonic inactivity of the eastern US, these results show that the mantle is highly active. In the western US, I imaged sharp drops in lithospheric thickness along the continental core and Colorado Plateau, which promotes edge-driven convection, contributing to reshaping the western US lithosphere.Our plate-scale models shed new light on the historical and ongoing tectonic evolution of the plate of the conterminous US. Previous tectonic events left a mark on the lithosphere, whose shape controls mantle flow, in turn influencing the evolution of the plate.
일반주제명  
Geophysics
일반주제명  
Plate tectonics
키워드  
Anisotropy
키워드  
Asthenosphere
키워드  
Lithosphere
키워드  
Mantle flow
키워드  
Tomography
기타저자  
University of California, Santa Barbara Earth Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aBrunsvik,  Brennan.
■24510▼aSeismological  Imaging  of  the  US  Using  Complementary  Datasets  Reveals  Mantle  Processes  that  Shaped  the  Lithosphere
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Santa  Barbara▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a325  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Eilon,  Zachary.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Santa  Barbara,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  tectonic  plate  of  the  US  was  constructed  from  numerous  tectonic  events,  making  it  an  excellent  location  to  study  a  diverse  range  of  tectonic  processes.  Models  of  seismic  velocity  and  anisotropy,  the  directional  dependence  of  velocity,  have  proven  invaluable  for  illuminating  the  interior  structure  of  the  Earth.  Despite  the  numerous  seismic  models  of  the  US,  several  key  features  of  the  lithosphere  and  asthenosphere  remain  uncertain.  These  include  the  depth  of  the  lithosphere-asthenosphere  boundary  (LAB),  the  distribution  and  character  of  mid-lithospheric  velocity  discontinuities  (MLDs),  seismic  anisotropy  and  its  relationship  to  previous  deformation,  how  the  plate  causes  mantle  flow,  and  how  mantle  flow  influences  the  evolution  of  the  plate.  At  the  continent-ocean  transition  of  rifted  passive  margins  in  particular,  little  imaging  exists  to  cover  the  base  of  the  lithosphere  or  the  asthenosphere,  making  it  unclear  how  continental  breakup  modified  the  plate.In  this  dissertation,  I  produced  seismic  models  of  the  lithosphere  and  asthenosphere  of  the  US.  I  leveraged  the  excellent  broadband  seismometer  coverage  of  the  conterminous  US  along  with  ocean-bottom  seismometers  (OBSs)  offshore  of  the  eastern  North  American  rifted  margin.  In  Chapter  2,  I  leveraged  this  OBS  dataset  to  construct  teleseismic  shear-wave  splitting  and  differential  travel  time  tomography,  producing  a  velocity  and  anisotropy  model  that  covers  the  continent-ocean  transition  of  the  mantle.  In  Chapter  3,  I  addressed  limitations  in  the  well  known  receiver  function  H  −  κ  stack  method  to  incorporate  radial  anisotropy  into  estimations  of  the  thickness  of  the  crust.  In  Chapter  4,  I  conducted  a  joint  inversion  of  numerous  complementary  surface  wave  and  receiver  function  datasets  to  produce  a  velocity  and  anisotropy  model  of  the  eastern  US.  In  Chapter  5,  I  expanded  this  methodology  and  data  to  produce  a  plate  scale  model  of  the  conterminous  US.While  the  tectonic  events  that  built  the  continent  likely  left  a  complex  signature  through  the  continental  lithosphere,  features  such  as  sutures  are  rarely  seen  through  the  lithospheric  mantle  due  to  limitations  in  resolution.  One  of  the  most  striking  aspects  of  my  models  is  the  strong  correlation  of  seismic  parameters  to  tectonic  boundaries.  For  example,  low  wavespeed  mantle  extends  through  the  lithosphere  at  the  Grenville  front,  and  may  be  related  to  an  ancient  suture.  The  drop  in  lithospheric  thickness  along  the  Appalachian  front  appears  responsible  for  the  high  elevation  of  the  mountain  range.  I  identified  sharp  changes  in  crustal  thickness  and  anisotropy  that  precisely  follows  the  borders  of  tectonic  provinces,  including  the  Basin  and  Range.  Crustal  anisotropy  tends  to  be  horizontal  in  extensional  regions,  even  in  ancient  failed  rifts,  suggesting  the  strong  influence  of  crustal  deformation  on  mineral  fabrics  in  the  crust.My  models  suggest  that  the  shape  of  the  lithosphere  is  a  key  contributor  to  mantle  flow,  causing  edge-driven  convection  and/or  shear-driven  upwelling.  This  mantle  flow,  in  turn,  erodes  and  reshapes  the  lithosphere  and  continent.  Three  well-known  low  velocity  anomalies  in  the  mantle  of  the  eastern  US  are  placed  near  a  step  in  lithospheric  thickness,  which  can  be  parsimoniously  explained  as  edge-driven  convection  cells.  The  asthenosphere  offshore  of  the  eastern  US  appears  to  actively  flow,  indicated  by  anisotropy  that  is  strongly  misaligned  with  plate  motion.  Despite  the  tectonic  inactivity  of  the  eastern  US,  these  results  show  that  the  mantle  is  highly  active.  In  the  western  US,  I  imaged  sharp  drops  in  lithospheric  thickness  along  the  continental  core  and  Colorado  Plateau,  which  promotes  edge-driven  convection,  contributing  to  reshaping  the  western  US  lithosphere.Our  plate-scale  models  shed  new  light  on  the  historical  and  ongoing  tectonic  evolution  of  the  plate  of  the  conterminous  US.  Previous  tectonic  events  left  a  mark  on  the  lithosphere,  whose  shape  controls  mantle  flow,  in  turn  influencing  the  evolution  of  the  plate.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0035.
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■650  4▼aPlate  tectonics
■653    ▼aAnisotropy
■653    ▼aAsthenosphere
■653    ▼aLithosphere
■653    ▼aMantle  flow
■653    ▼aTomography
■690    ▼a0373
■690    ▼a0467
■690    ▼a0592
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Santa  Barbara▼bEarth  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0035
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358009▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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