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Mechanisms of Immunosuppression Induced by Chlamydia trachomatis
Mechanisms of Immunosuppression Induced by Chlamydia trachomatis
Mechanisms of Immunosuppression Induced by Chlamydia trachomatis

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103518
ISBN  
9798280710467
DDC  
616.079
저자명  
Reinhold-Larsson, Nicole.
서명/저자  
Mechanisms of Immunosuppression Induced by Chlamydia trachomatis
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
159 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Starnbach, Michael.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that if left untreated, can cause reproductive harm. Failure of natural adaptive immunity to this pathogen results in chronic and repeat infections. In efforts to understand failure of adaptive immunity, we have previously discovered that CD8+ T cells, normally integral for controlling intracellular pathogen infections, are misprogrammed by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling during C. trachomatis infection and fail to mount a protective response. Here we sought to uncover the host pathways and bacterial factors involved in PD-L1 upregulation that may lead to CD8+ T cell inhibition. We discovered that a secreted factor produced during C. trachomatis infection is sufficient to induce PD-L1 upregulation. Using both in vitro and in vivo infection models, we identified this factor as type I interferons (IFNs). Based on previous work showing that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a critical role in driving type I IFN expression during C. trachomatis infection, we show that STING is required for type I IFN-driven PD-L1 upregulation during infection in vitro. Both dsDNA sensing by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) upstream of STING and direct sensing of bacterial cyclic dinucleotides by STING contribute to type I IFN-driven PD-L1 upregulation during C. trachomatis infection. Finally, we explored the C. trachomatis factors involved in inducing type I IFN-driven PD-L1 upregulation. We show that PD-L1 expression is dependent on C. trachomatis development within host cells and its type III secretion system (T3SS) but independent of genes encoded on the C. trachomatis plasmid. Given that DacA is the diadenylate cyclase enzyme responsible for producing the cyclic dinucleotide c-di-AMP in Chlamydia, we hypothesize that this specific C. trachomatis factor contributes to STING activation and downstream type I IFN-driven PD-L1 upregulation. Taken together, our data supports a model in which T3SS activity during C. trachomatis infection delivers dsDNA and c-di-AMP produced by DacA into the host cytosol to activate STING and induce type I IFN-driven PD-L1 upregulation. These findings illuminate a mechanism by which C. trachomatis infection may impair CD8+ T cell mediated immunity. 
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Pathology
일반주제명  
Virology
키워드  
Bacterial factors
키워드  
Chlamydia
키워드  
Chronic infection
키워드  
Costimulation
키워드  
PD-L1 upregulation
키워드  
T cells
기타저자  
Harvard University Biological and Biomedical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aReinhold-Larsson,  Nicole.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-7820-0828
■24510▼aMechanisms  of  Immunosuppression  Induced  by  Chlamydia  trachomatis
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a159  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Starnbach,  Michael.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aChlamydia  trachomatis  is  an  obligate  intracellular  bacterial  pathogen  that  if  left  untreated,  can  cause  reproductive  harm.  Failure  of  natural  adaptive  immunity  to  this  pathogen  results  in  chronic  and  repeat  infections.  In  efforts  to  understand  failure  of  adaptive  immunity,  we  have  previously  discovered  that  CD8+  T  cells,  normally  integral  for  controlling  intracellular  pathogen  infections,  are  misprogrammed  by  PD-1/PD-L1  signaling  during  C.  trachomatis  infection  and  fail  to  mount  a  protective  response.  Here  we  sought  to  uncover  the  host  pathways  and  bacterial  factors  involved  in  PD-L1  upregulation  that  may  lead  to  CD8+  T  cell  inhibition. We  discovered  that  a  secreted  factor  produced  during  C.  trachomatis  infection  is  sufficient  to  induce  PD-L1  upregulation.  Using  both  in  vitro  and  in  vivo  infection  models,  we  identified  this  factor  as  type  I  interferons  (IFNs).  Based  on  previous  work  showing  that  stimulator  of  interferon  genes  (STING)  plays  a  critical  role  in  driving  type  I  IFN  expression  during  C.  trachomatis  infection,  we  show  that  STING  is  required  for  type  I  IFN-driven  PD-L1  upregulation  during  infection  in  vitro.  Both  dsDNA  sensing  by  cyclic  GMP-AMP  synthase  (cGAS)  upstream  of  STING  and  direct  sensing  of  bacterial  cyclic  dinucleotides  by  STING  contribute  to  type  I  IFN-driven  PD-L1  upregulation  during  C.  trachomatis  infection. Finally,  we  explored  the  C.  trachomatis  factors  involved  in  inducing  type  I  IFN-driven  PD-L1  upregulation.  We  show  that  PD-L1  expression  is  dependent  on  C.  trachomatis  development  within  host  cells  and  its  type  III  secretion  system  (T3SS)  but  independent  of  genes  encoded  on  the  C.  trachomatis  plasmid.  Given  that  DacA  is  the  diadenylate  cyclase  enzyme  responsible  for  producing  the  cyclic  dinucleotide  c-di-AMP  in  Chlamydia,  we  hypothesize  that this  specific  C.  trachomatis  factor  contributes  to  STING  activation  and  downstream  type  I  IFN-driven  PD-L1  upregulation.  Taken  together,  our  data  supports  a  model  in  which  T3SS  activity  during  C.  trachomatis  infection  delivers  dsDNA  and  c-di-AMP  produced  by  DacA  into  the  host  cytosol  to  activate  STING  and  induce  type  I  IFN-driven  PD-L1  upregulation.  These  findings  illuminate  a  mechanism  by  which  C.  trachomatis  infection  may  impair  CD8+  T  cell  mediated  immunity. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aPathology
■650  4▼aVirology
■653    ▼aBacterial  factors
■653    ▼aChlamydia
■653    ▼aChronic  infection
■653    ▼aCostimulation
■653    ▼aPD-L1  upregulation
■653    ▼aT  cells
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0571
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiological  and  Biomedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357478▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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