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Bayesian Identification, Estimation, and Evaluation of Growth Mixture Models
Bayesian Identification, Estimation, and Evaluation of Growth Mixture Models
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103503
- ISBN
- 9798288862229
- DDC
- 151
- 서명/저자
- Bayesian Identification, Estimation, and Evaluation of Growth Mixture Models
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 138 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Growth Mixture Models (GMMs) are widely used in education and psychology to model individual differences in developmental trajectories through discrete latent classes and continuous random effects. Despite their capability to represent complex longitudinal structures, effectively identifying, estimating, and evaluating GMMs poses significant methodological challenges. This dissertation addresses these challenges through theoretical analysis, empirical demonstrations, and simulation studies.The first chapter investigates problematic behaviors in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation caused by degenerate nonidentifiability in finite mixture models. It identifies underlying causes, introduces diagnostics to detect such issues, and demonstrates through simulations that using more informative priors significantly reduces these problems. An application of GMMs to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), analyzing reading skill development from ages 6 to 14, illustrates these points. Additionally, this chapter proposes methods to characterize within-class variability, reviews the literature on likelihood and Bayesian identification, introduces a practical definition of Bayesian identification using marginal likelihoods (integrated over the latent variables), and provides a concise overview of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) in Stan.The second chapter reviews information criteria commonly used for model selection, including frequentist approaches, such as Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Bayesian approaches, such as the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), Watanabe-Akaike Information Criterion (WAIC), and Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOO-CV). For the DIC, the penalty term is often found to be negative, especially in finite mixture models. A new version of the DIC is proposed that uses a variance-based penalty term (as previously suggested) and also does not rely on the plug-in deviance. For each information criterion, the target quantity is defined to clarify the motivation for the criterion. For hierarchical or latent variable models, information criteria can be defined based on the marginal likelihood, integrated over the latent variables, or the conditional likelihood, conditioning on the latent variables. The chapter underscores the theoretical advantages of using the marginal likelihood. The chapter ends with a brief review of information criteria for GMMs.The third chapter presents a comprehensive simulation study assessing the performance of frequentist and Bayesian estimation and of model selection based on a range of information criteria. The data-generating model is a two-class GMM, and the model selection problem is to identify the correct number of latent classes, choosing among 1-class, 2-class, 3-class, and 4-class models. Simulation conditions include equal versus unequal class probabilities, two sample sizes, smaller or larger class separation, and smaller or larger residual variances. Both frequentist and Bayesian estimation performed poorly in some conditions with three or more classes, the former converging to local maxima and the latter suffering from degenerate nonidentifiability. Interestingly, the Bayesian issue does not pose problems for information criteria that do not rely on a plug-in deviance, such as our proposed variance-based formulation of the DIC and Congdon's Bayesian criteria (CAIC and CBIC). This observation leads to another possible diagnostic for degenerate nonidentifiability, namely a negative DIC penalty term. In contrast, convergence to suboptimal local maxima is problematic for all frequentist information criteria and needs to be addressed. Unfortunately, increasing the number of initializations in flexmix does not always solve the problem. , whereas traditional frequentist estimators frequently converge to local maxima under weak identification.Collectively, these chapters offer theoretical foundations, practical diagnostics, and empirical guidance to advance rigorous and reproducible GMM research.
- 일반주제명
- Quantitative psychology
- 일반주제명
- Statistics
- 일반주제명
- Applied mathematics
- 일반주제명
- Information science
- 키워드
- Model evaluation
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Education
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798288862229
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32001869
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a151
■1001 ▼aXiao, Xingyao Doria.
■24510▼aBayesian Identification, Estimation, and Evaluation of Growth Mixture Models
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a138 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
■520 ▼aGrowth Mixture Models (GMMs) are widely used in education and psychology to model individual differences in developmental trajectories through discrete latent classes and continuous random effects. Despite their capability to represent complex longitudinal structures, effectively identifying, estimating, and evaluating GMMs poses significant methodological challenges. This dissertation addresses these challenges through theoretical analysis, empirical demonstrations, and simulation studies.The first chapter investigates problematic behaviors in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation caused by degenerate nonidentifiability in finite mixture models. It identifies underlying causes, introduces diagnostics to detect such issues, and demonstrates through simulations that using more informative priors significantly reduces these problems. An application of GMMs to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), analyzing reading skill development from ages 6 to 14, illustrates these points. Additionally, this chapter proposes methods to characterize within-class variability, reviews the literature on likelihood and Bayesian identification, introduces a practical definition of Bayesian identification using marginal likelihoods (integrated over the latent variables), and provides a concise overview of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) in Stan.The second chapter reviews information criteria commonly used for model selection, including frequentist approaches, such as Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Bayesian approaches, such as the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), Watanabe-Akaike Information Criterion (WAIC), and Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOO-CV). For the DIC, the penalty term is often found to be negative, especially in finite mixture models. A new version of the DIC is proposed that uses a variance-based penalty term (as previously suggested) and also does not rely on the plug-in deviance. For each information criterion, the target quantity is defined to clarify the motivation for the criterion. For hierarchical or latent variable models, information criteria can be defined based on the marginal likelihood, integrated over the latent variables, or the conditional likelihood, conditioning on the latent variables. The chapter underscores the theoretical advantages of using the marginal likelihood. The chapter ends with a brief review of information criteria for GMMs.The third chapter presents a comprehensive simulation study assessing the performance of frequentist and Bayesian estimation and of model selection based on a range of information criteria. The data-generating model is a two-class GMM, and the model selection problem is to identify the correct number of latent classes, choosing among 1-class, 2-class, 3-class, and 4-class models. Simulation conditions include equal versus unequal class probabilities, two sample sizes, smaller or larger class separation, and smaller or larger residual variances. Both frequentist and Bayesian estimation performed poorly in some conditions with three or more classes, the former converging to local maxima and the latter suffering from degenerate nonidentifiability. Interestingly, the Bayesian issue does not pose problems for information criteria that do not rely on a plug-in deviance, such as our proposed variance-based formulation of the DIC and Congdon's Bayesian criteria (CAIC and CBIC). This observation leads to another possible diagnostic for degenerate nonidentifiability, namely a negative DIC penalty term. In contrast, convergence to suboptimal local maxima is problematic for all frequentist information criteria and needs to be addressed. Unfortunately, increasing the number of initializations in flexmix does not always solve the problem. , whereas traditional frequentist estimators frequently converge to local maxima under weak identification.Collectively, these chapters offer theoretical foundations, practical diagnostics, and empirical guidance to advance rigorous and reproducible GMM research.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aQuantitative psychology
■650 4▼aStatistics
■650 4▼aApplied mathematics
■650 4▼aInformation science
■653 ▼aBayesian identification
■653 ▼aGrowth Mixture Models
■653 ▼aModel evaluation
■653 ▼aMarkov chain Monte Carlo estimation
■653 ▼aHamiltonian Monte Carlo
■690 ▼a0632
■690 ▼a0723
■690 ▼a0364
■690 ▼a0463
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bEducation.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01A.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357378▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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