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Strategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vaccines
Strategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vac...
Strategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vaccines

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103638
ISBN  
9798290626680
DDC  
600
저자명  
Bruun, Theodora.
서명/저자  
Strategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vaccines
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
155 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kim, Peter.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Although there has been tremendous success and progress in the area of vaccine development in the last few decades, there are many infectious diseases, such as HIV-1, that have remained intractable to vaccine efforts. In Chapter 1 we discuss methods of "immunofocusing" that aim to overcome the limitations of current vaccine approaches by redirecting B-cell responses away from undesirable, off-target viral epitopes. In Chapter 3, we investigate the prehairpin intermediate (PHI) of the HIV-1 envelope protein as a universally vulnerable target on the surface of the HIV-1 virus. Although most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) target the native prefusion conformation of HIV-1, in this work we show that inhibitors targeting the PHI have strikingly consistent neutralization potencies against a panel representing currently circulating strains of HIV-1, highlighting the potential of the PHI as a universal target for vaccine efforts. Building off this work, in Chapter 4, we use epitope dissection and protein engineering to create an immunofocused PHI vaccine candidate. Using structure-guided stabilization of the PHI immunogen, we show that we are able to elicit broad, but weakly neutralizing, HIV-1 antibodies in a mouse immunization study.In Chapter 5, we turn our attention towards another unmet medical need, the development of a broad Sarbecovirusvaccine. Although many licensed COVID-19 vaccines exist, there is the need to create a vaccine that not only protects against all current variants but also protects from future variants and related Sarbecoviruses. After identifying a broadly conserved site on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, we use a recently developed immunofocusing method called protect, modify, deprotect (PMD), to create an immunofocused RBD vaccine that is able to elicit antibodies with improved neutralization breadth. Additionally, we develop a serum-depletion assay that we can use to quantify and compare the level of immuno-focusing in polyclonal serum elicited in a vaccine context.Finally, in Chapter 6, we turn our attention to developing a broad-spectrum therapeutic that could be used to confer protection against Lassa virus (LASV) in passive immunizations. Lassa virus is an NIAID category A priority pathogen without an FDA approved therapeutic or vaccine. There are seven diverse lineages of Lassa virus identified which all cause Lassa fever, a disease that has severe sequelae including deafness and over an 80 % mortality rate for pregnant women if infected in the third trimester. To develop a universal LASV therapeutic, we were interested in tethering the cellular receptor for LASV, α-dystroglycan (α-DGN), to an antibody that binds to a broadly conserved site on the Lassa virus surface glycoprotein. By leveraging the binding of an antibody to a conserved site we aim to increase the potency of the weakly neutralizing α-DGN to create a broad-spectrum therapeutic.
일반주제명  
Infectious diseases
일반주제명  
Monoclonal antibodies
일반주제명  
Glycoproteins
일반주제명  
COVID-19 vaccines
일반주제명  
Human immunodeficiency virus--HIV
일반주제명  
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
일반주제명  
Immune system
일반주제명  
Pandemics
일반주제명  
Engineering
일반주제명  
Chromatography
일반주제명  
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--AIDS
일반주제명  
Respiratory diseases
일반주제명  
Polyethylene glycol
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aBruun,  Theodora.
■24510▼aStrategies  for  Viral  Epitope  Immunofocusing:  Towards  the  Development  of  Broad-Spectrum  Vaccines
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a155  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kim,  Peter.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aVaccines  are  the  most  effective  medical  intervention  for  preventing  and  controlling  infectious  diseases.  Although  there  has  been  tremendous  success  and  progress  in  the  area  of  vaccine  development  in  the  last  few  decades,  there  are  many  infectious  diseases,  such  as  HIV-1,  that  have  remained  intractable  to  vaccine  efforts.  In  Chapter  1  we  discuss  methods  of  "immunofocusing"  that  aim  to  overcome  the  limitations  of  current  vaccine  approaches  by  redirecting  B-cell  responses  away  from  undesirable,  off-target  viral  epitopes.  In  Chapter  3,  we  investigate  the  prehairpin  intermediate  (PHI)  of  the  HIV-1  envelope  protein  as  a  universally  vulnerable  target  on  the  surface  of  the  HIV-1  virus.  Although  most  broadly  neutralizing  antibodies  (bnAbs)  target  the  native  prefusion  conformation  of  HIV-1,  in  this  work  we  show  that  inhibitors  targeting  the  PHI  have  strikingly  consistent  neutralization  potencies  against  a  panel  representing  currently  circulating  strains  of  HIV-1,  highlighting  the  potential  of  the  PHI  as  a  universal  target  for  vaccine  efforts.  Building  off  this  work,  in  Chapter  4,  we  use  epitope  dissection  and  protein  engineering  to  create  an  immunofocused  PHI  vaccine  candidate.  Using  structure-guided  stabilization  of  the  PHI  immunogen,  we  show  that  we  are  able  to  elicit  broad,  but  weakly  neutralizing,  HIV-1  antibodies  in  a  mouse  immunization  study.In  Chapter  5,  we  turn  our  attention  towards  another  unmet  medical  need,  the  development  of  a  broad  Sarbecovirusvaccine.  Although  many  licensed  COVID-19  vaccines  exist,  there  is  the  need  to  create  a  vaccine  that  not  only  protects  against  all  current  variants  but  also  protects  from  future  variants  and  related  Sarbecoviruses.  After  identifying  a  broadly  conserved  site  on  the  receptor-binding  domain  (RBD)  of  SARS-CoV-2,  we  use  a  recently  developed  immunofocusing  method  called  protect,  modify,  deprotect  (PMD),  to  create  an  immunofocused  RBD  vaccine  that  is  able  to  elicit  antibodies  with  improved  neutralization  breadth.  Additionally,  we  develop  a  serum-depletion  assay  that  we  can  use  to  quantify  and  compare  the  level  of  immuno-focusing  in  polyclonal  serum  elicited  in  a  vaccine  context.Finally,  in  Chapter  6,  we  turn  our  attention  to  developing  a  broad-spectrum  therapeutic  that  could  be  used  to  confer  protection  against  Lassa  virus  (LASV)  in  passive  immunizations.  Lassa  virus  is  an  NIAID  category  A  priority  pathogen  without  an  FDA  approved  therapeutic  or  vaccine.  There  are  seven  diverse  lineages  of  Lassa  virus  identified  which  all  cause  Lassa  fever,  a  disease  that  has  severe  sequelae  including  deafness  and  over  an  80  %  mortality  rate  for  pregnant  women  if  infected  in  the  third  trimester.  To  develop  a  universal  LASV  therapeutic,  we  were  interested  in  tethering  the  cellular  receptor  for  LASV,  α-dystroglycan  (α-DGN),  to  an  antibody  that  binds  to  a  broadly  conserved  site  on  the  Lassa  virus  surface  glycoprotein.  By  leveraging  the  binding  of  an  antibody  to  a  conserved  site  we  aim  to  increase  the  potency  of  the  weakly  neutralizing  α-DGN  to  create  a  broad-spectrum  therapeutic.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aInfectious  diseases
■650  4▼aMonoclonal  antibodies
■650  4▼aGlycoproteins
■650  4▼aCOVID-19  vaccines
■650  4▼aHuman  immunodeficiency  virus--HIV
■650  4▼aSevere  acute  respiratory  syndrome  coronavirus  2
■650  4▼aImmune  system
■650  4▼aPandemics
■650  4▼aEngineering
■650  4▼aChromatography
■650  4▼aAcquired  immune  deficiency  syndrome--AIDS
■650  4▼aRespiratory  diseases
■650  4▼aPolyethylene  glycol
■690    ▼a0537
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358061▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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