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Strategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vaccines
Strategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vaccines
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103638
- ISBN
- 9798290626680
- DDC
- 600
- 저자명
- Bruun, Theodora.
- 서명/저자
- Strategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vaccines
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 155 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Kim, Peter.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Although there has been tremendous success and progress in the area of vaccine development in the last few decades, there are many infectious diseases, such as HIV-1, that have remained intractable to vaccine efforts. In Chapter 1 we discuss methods of "immunofocusing" that aim to overcome the limitations of current vaccine approaches by redirecting B-cell responses away from undesirable, off-target viral epitopes. In Chapter 3, we investigate the prehairpin intermediate (PHI) of the HIV-1 envelope protein as a universally vulnerable target on the surface of the HIV-1 virus. Although most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) target the native prefusion conformation of HIV-1, in this work we show that inhibitors targeting the PHI have strikingly consistent neutralization potencies against a panel representing currently circulating strains of HIV-1, highlighting the potential of the PHI as a universal target for vaccine efforts. Building off this work, in Chapter 4, we use epitope dissection and protein engineering to create an immunofocused PHI vaccine candidate. Using structure-guided stabilization of the PHI immunogen, we show that we are able to elicit broad, but weakly neutralizing, HIV-1 antibodies in a mouse immunization study.In Chapter 5, we turn our attention towards another unmet medical need, the development of a broad Sarbecovirusvaccine. Although many licensed COVID-19 vaccines exist, there is the need to create a vaccine that not only protects against all current variants but also protects from future variants and related Sarbecoviruses. After identifying a broadly conserved site on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, we use a recently developed immunofocusing method called protect, modify, deprotect (PMD), to create an immunofocused RBD vaccine that is able to elicit antibodies with improved neutralization breadth. Additionally, we develop a serum-depletion assay that we can use to quantify and compare the level of immuno-focusing in polyclonal serum elicited in a vaccine context.Finally, in Chapter 6, we turn our attention to developing a broad-spectrum therapeutic that could be used to confer protection against Lassa virus (LASV) in passive immunizations. Lassa virus is an NIAID category A priority pathogen without an FDA approved therapeutic or vaccine. There are seven diverse lineages of Lassa virus identified which all cause Lassa fever, a disease that has severe sequelae including deafness and over an 80 % mortality rate for pregnant women if infected in the third trimester. To develop a universal LASV therapeutic, we were interested in tethering the cellular receptor for LASV, α-dystroglycan (α-DGN), to an antibody that binds to a broadly conserved site on the Lassa virus surface glycoprotein. By leveraging the binding of an antibody to a conserved site we aim to increase the potency of the weakly neutralizing α-DGN to create a broad-spectrum therapeutic.
- 일반주제명
- Infectious diseases
- 일반주제명
- Monoclonal antibodies
- 일반주제명
- Glycoproteins
- 일반주제명
- COVID-19 vaccines
- 일반주제명
- Immune system
- 일반주제명
- Pandemics
- 일반주제명
- Engineering
- 일반주제명
- Chromatography
- 일반주제명
- Respiratory diseases
- 일반주제명
- Polyethylene glycol
- 기타저자
- Stanford University.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a600
■1001 ▼aBruun, Theodora.
■24510▼aStrategies for Viral Epitope Immunofocusing: Towards the Development of Broad-Spectrum Vaccines
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a155 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Kim, Peter.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
■520 ▼aVaccines are the most effective medical intervention for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Although there has been tremendous success and progress in the area of vaccine development in the last few decades, there are many infectious diseases, such as HIV-1, that have remained intractable to vaccine efforts. In Chapter 1 we discuss methods of "immunofocusing" that aim to overcome the limitations of current vaccine approaches by redirecting B-cell responses away from undesirable, off-target viral epitopes. In Chapter 3, we investigate the prehairpin intermediate (PHI) of the HIV-1 envelope protein as a universally vulnerable target on the surface of the HIV-1 virus. Although most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) target the native prefusion conformation of HIV-1, in this work we show that inhibitors targeting the PHI have strikingly consistent neutralization potencies against a panel representing currently circulating strains of HIV-1, highlighting the potential of the PHI as a universal target for vaccine efforts. Building off this work, in Chapter 4, we use epitope dissection and protein engineering to create an immunofocused PHI vaccine candidate. Using structure-guided stabilization of the PHI immunogen, we show that we are able to elicit broad, but weakly neutralizing, HIV-1 antibodies in a mouse immunization study.In Chapter 5, we turn our attention towards another unmet medical need, the development of a broad Sarbecovirusvaccine. Although many licensed COVID-19 vaccines exist, there is the need to create a vaccine that not only protects against all current variants but also protects from future variants and related Sarbecoviruses. After identifying a broadly conserved site on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, we use a recently developed immunofocusing method called protect, modify, deprotect (PMD), to create an immunofocused RBD vaccine that is able to elicit antibodies with improved neutralization breadth. Additionally, we develop a serum-depletion assay that we can use to quantify and compare the level of immuno-focusing in polyclonal serum elicited in a vaccine context.Finally, in Chapter 6, we turn our attention to developing a broad-spectrum therapeutic that could be used to confer protection against Lassa virus (LASV) in passive immunizations. Lassa virus is an NIAID category A priority pathogen without an FDA approved therapeutic or vaccine. There are seven diverse lineages of Lassa virus identified which all cause Lassa fever, a disease that has severe sequelae including deafness and over an 80 % mortality rate for pregnant women if infected in the third trimester. To develop a universal LASV therapeutic, we were interested in tethering the cellular receptor for LASV, α-dystroglycan (α-DGN), to an antibody that binds to a broadly conserved site on the Lassa virus surface glycoprotein. By leveraging the binding of an antibody to a conserved site we aim to increase the potency of the weakly neutralizing α-DGN to create a broad-spectrum therapeutic.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0212.
■650 4▼aInfectious diseases
■650 4▼aMonoclonal antibodies
■650 4▼aGlycoproteins
■650 4▼aCOVID-19 vaccines
■650 4▼aHuman immunodeficiency virus--HIV
■650 4▼aSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
■650 4▼aImmune system
■650 4▼aPandemics
■650 4▼aEngineering
■650 4▼aChromatography
■650 4▼aAcquired immune deficiency syndrome--AIDS
■650 4▼aRespiratory diseases
■650 4▼aPolyethylene glycol
■690 ▼a0537
■71020▼aStanford University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01B.
■790 ▼a0212
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358061▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


