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Mo-Si-B Coatings for Protection of SiC-Based Materials in High Temperature Active Oxidation Environments
Mo-Si-B Coatings for Protection of SiC-Based Materials in High Temperature Active Oxidatio...
Mo-Si-B Coatings for Protection of SiC-Based Materials in High Temperature Active Oxidation Environments

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104830
ISBN  
9798290917290
DDC  
620
저자명  
Becker, Jeffrey R., Jr.
서명/저자  
Mo-Si-B Coatings for Protection of SiC-Based Materials in High Temperature Active Oxidation Environments
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
152 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Perepezko, John H.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Recent interest in achieving sustained hypersonic flight and re-useable hypersonic vehicles have required testing and development of new leading-edge materials that can be used in more and more extreme environments - such as temperatures over 1800°C with variable oxygen potentials. Current materials for hypersonic applications are either ablative, like carbon fiber blankets, or do not produce stable oxides, such Hf and Zr boride and carbides. In order to survive multiple longterm flights, new materials with stable oxides and low rate constants must be developed. SiC and SiC composites can achieve this by forming a passive SiO2 protective layer but are limited to temperatures below 1600°C or lower due to active oxidation. Active oxidation is a mechanism in which silica forming materials form a volatile oxide, SiO, causing rapid erosion of the substrate material. Most studies on active oxidation focus on SiC and there is limited information on other silica forming materials. Because of this, there is a gap in knowledge on the mechanisms behind active oxidation of other silica forming materials, and they are often overlooked as a class of materials only because this phenomenon is not fully understood. To address this limitation, this thesis investigates the active oxidation behavior of Mo-Si-B coatings, as well as explores the viability of a Mo-Si-B coating on SiC. Initial work showed that Mo-silicides can be used at a higher temperature and lower Po2 than SiC and still form a stable oxide. However, no work was done to fully understand why or how changing the SiO2 composition could affect this. Initially Mo-Si-B coatings were tested directly against SiC in active oxidation conditions (1500°C and Po2=10-4 atm) to better understand the re-passivation mechanism. While active oxidation was observed for the coating, it showed superior performance to the SiC. After 20 hours of exposure, the coating gained 0.6 mg/cm2 , while SiC lost over 67 mg/cm2 . The Mo-Si-B coating underwent active oxidation until enough Si was lost so that Mo5Si3 and Mo3Si formed as the primary phases, and SiO2 became the stable oxide once again. This re-stabilization behavior allows the Mo-silicide coating to have protection from active oxidation at a lower Po2 than SiC. A thermodynamic analysis is presented to explain why the Mo-silicides have a larger range of operation than SiC.The active oxidation behavior of Mo-silicide coatings was analyzed for four compositions: without additives, with Al, with B, and with both Al and B additives in the SiO2 scale. The coatings were tested at 1500°C and Po2=10-4 atm for durations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 20 hours. After 20 hours, each coating consisted of a thick SiO2 layer, followed by Mo5Si3, and no MoSi2 which was the primary phase before exposure. The temperature and Po2 studied exceeded the passive-to-active transition of MoSi2, but not for Mo5Si3. A thermodynamic analysis was conducted to determine the passive-to-active transition for all MoSi2, Mo5Si3, and Mo3Si. Additionally, modifications were made for additives in SiO2, which explains why little difference was seen in the final microstructure of each coating. The model suggests that a dramatic reduction in SiO2 activity can substantially lower the passive-to-active transition temperature in silica forming materials. In order to determine the feasibility of a Mo-Si-B coating on SiC, a diffusion couple experiment of Mo5SiB2 (T2) and SiC in contact was conducted at 1700°C for 150 hours. The post-anneal bonded interface was examined by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The results show no formation of other compounds between the two phases, to indicate that T2 and SiC are in thermodynamic equilibrium. A CALPHAD model phase diagram of T2 in contact with SiC shows the predicted formation of MoB, Mo2BC, and Mo5Si3C phases that were not seen. The discrepancy between the model prediction and the observed equilibria was due to the T2 phase being treated as a line compound, when it really contains a homogeneity range. When accounting for the T2 compositional variance, the model matched the experimental results. This was further confirmed by melting a Mo-Si-B-C alloy and annealing at 1700℃ for 150 hours, which showed a microstructure of T2, SiC, Mo5Si3C, and MoB phases that matched the predicted phase equilibria in the improved thermodynamic model.Finally, a Mo-Si-B coating was applied to SiC and tested in an active oxidation environment of 1450°C and Po2 = 10-4 atm. The coating process includes: 1) application of a Mo precoat using pressureless sintering, 2) deposition of Si or Si and B by pack cementation, 3) high temperature oxidation in air to form a passive SiO2 layer. After 10 hours of active oxidation exposure, uncoated SiC lost 20.15 mg/cm2 and showed a noticeable reduction in size, while the coated SiC lost 0.21 mg/cm2 . Just like in previous coatings on a Mo substrate, the MoSi2 layer in the coating converted to Mo5Si3 which was able to form passive SiO2. Analysis of the Mo-Si-B coated SiC interface showed a layer of Mo5Si3C with interspersed SiO2 in place of a T2 layer. This was expected though, as T2 only forms since MoSi2 and MoB are not in equilibrium with Mo. When the Mo substrate is replaced with SiC, there is no driving force to form T2. Post-test cross sectional analysis showed that the Mo5Si3C layer had the formation of CO pores, although these did not hinder the oxidation protection of the coating or create disruptions in the coating. Issues may arise at higher temperatures or longer times, but these initial results show Mo-Si-B coatings are promising candidate for active oxidation protection of SiC.
일반주제명  
Engineering
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
일반주제명  
Materials science
일반주제명  
Inorganic chemistry
키워드  
Active oxidation
키워드  
Borosilica
키워드  
Coating
키워드  
Mo-Si-B
키워드  
Passive-to-active transition
키워드  
SiC
기타저자  
The University of Wisconsin - Madison Materials Science and Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798290917290
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32170489
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a620
■1001  ▼aBecker,  Jeffrey  R.,  Jr.
■24510▼aMo-Si-B  Coatings  for  Protection  of  SiC-Based  Materials  in  High  Temperature  Active  Oxidation  Environments
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a152  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Perepezko,  John  H.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison,  2025.
■520    ▼aRecent  interest  in  achieving  sustained  hypersonic  flight  and  re-useable  hypersonic  vehicles  have  required  testing  and  development  of  new  leading-edge  materials  that  can  be  used  in  more  and  more  extreme  environments  -  such  as  temperatures  over  1800°C  with  variable  oxygen  potentials.  Current  materials  for  hypersonic  applications  are  either  ablative,  like  carbon  fiber  blankets,  or  do  not  produce  stable  oxides,  such  Hf  and  Zr  boride  and  carbides.  In  order  to  survive  multiple  longterm  flights,  new  materials  with  stable  oxides  and  low  rate  constants  must  be  developed.  SiC  and  SiC  composites  can  achieve  this  by  forming  a  passive  SiO2  protective  layer  but  are  limited  to  temperatures  below  1600°C  or  lower  due  to  active  oxidation. Active  oxidation  is  a  mechanism  in  which  silica  forming  materials  form  a  volatile  oxide,  SiO,  causing  rapid  erosion  of  the  substrate  material.  Most  studies  on  active  oxidation  focus  on  SiC  and  there  is  limited  information  on  other  silica  forming  materials.  Because  of  this,  there  is  a  gap  in  knowledge  on  the  mechanisms  behind  active  oxidation  of  other  silica  forming  materials,  and  they  are  often  overlooked  as  a  class  of  materials  only  because  this  phenomenon  is  not  fully  understood.  To  address  this  limitation,  this  thesis  investigates  the  active  oxidation  behavior  of  Mo-Si-B  coatings,  as  well  as  explores  the  viability  of  a  Mo-Si-B  coating  on  SiC.  Initial  work  showed  that  Mo-silicides  can  be  used  at  a  higher  temperature  and  lower  Po2  than  SiC  and  still  form  a  stable  oxide.  However,  no  work  was  done  to  fully  understand  why  or  how  changing  the  SiO2  composition  could  affect  this. Initially  Mo-Si-B  coatings  were  tested  directly  against  SiC  in  active  oxidation  conditions  (1500°C  and  Po2=10-4  atm)  to  better  understand  the  re-passivation  mechanism.  While  active  oxidation  was  observed  for  the  coating,  it  showed  superior  performance  to  the  SiC.  After  20  hours  of  exposure,  the  coating  gained  0.6  mg/cm2  ,  while  SiC  lost  over  67  mg/cm2  .  The  Mo-Si-B  coating  underwent  active  oxidation  until  enough  Si  was  lost  so  that  Mo5Si3  and  Mo3Si  formed  as  the  primary  phases,  and  SiO2  became  the  stable  oxide  once  again.  This  re-stabilization  behavior  allows  the  Mo-silicide  coating  to  have  protection  from  active  oxidation  at  a  lower  Po2  than  SiC.  A  thermodynamic  analysis  is  presented  to  explain  why  the  Mo-silicides  have  a  larger  range  of  operation  than  SiC.The  active  oxidation  behavior  of  Mo-silicide  coatings  was  analyzed  for  four  compositions:  without  additives,  with  Al,  with  B,  and  with  both  Al  and  B  additives  in  the  SiO2  scale.  The  coatings  were  tested  at  1500°C  and  Po2=10-4  atm  for  durations  of  2,  4,  6,  8,  and  20  hours.  After  20  hours,  each  coating  consisted  of  a  thick  SiO2  layer,  followed  by  Mo5Si3,  and  no  MoSi2  which  was  the  primary  phase  before  exposure.  The  temperature  and  Po2  studied  exceeded  the  passive-to-active  transition  of  MoSi2,  but  not  for  Mo5Si3.  A  thermodynamic  analysis  was  conducted  to  determine  the  passive-to-active  transition  for  all  MoSi2,  Mo5Si3,  and  Mo3Si.  Additionally,  modifications  were  made  for  additives  in  SiO2,  which  explains  why  little  difference  was  seen  in  the  final  microstructure  of  each  coating.  The  model  suggests  that  a  dramatic  reduction  in  SiO2  activity  can  substantially  lower  the  passive-to-active  transition  temperature  in  silica  forming  materials. In  order  to  determine  the  feasibility  of  a  Mo-Si-B  coating  on  SiC,  a  diffusion  couple  experiment  of  Mo5SiB2  (T2)  and  SiC  in  contact  was  conducted  at  1700°C  for  150  hours.  The  post-anneal  bonded  interface  was  examined  by  high-resolution  scanning  transmission  electron  microscopy  (STEM).  The  results  show  no  formation  of  other  compounds  between  the  two  phases,  to  indicate  that  T2  and  SiC  are  in  thermodynamic  equilibrium.  A  CALPHAD  model  phase  diagram  of  T2  in  contact  with  SiC  shows  the  predicted  formation  of  MoB,  Mo2BC,  and  Mo5Si3C  phases  that  were  not  seen.  The  discrepancy  between  the  model  prediction  and  the  observed  equilibria  was  due  to the  T2  phase  being  treated  as  a  line  compound,  when  it  really  contains  a  homogeneity  range.  When  accounting  for  the  T2  compositional  variance,  the  model  matched  the  experimental  results.  This  was  further  confirmed  by  melting  a  Mo-Si-B-C  alloy  and  annealing  at  1700℃  for  150  hours,  which  showed  a  microstructure  of  T2,  SiC,  Mo5Si3C,  and  MoB  phases  that  matched  the  predicted  phase  equilibria  in  the  improved  thermodynamic  model.Finally,  a  Mo-Si-B  coating  was  applied  to  SiC  and  tested  in  an  active  oxidation  environment  of  1450°C  and  Po2  =  10-4  atm.  The  coating  process  includes:  1)  application  of  a  Mo  precoat  using  pressureless  sintering,  2)  deposition  of  Si  or  Si  and  B  by  pack  cementation,  3)  high  temperature  oxidation  in  air  to  form  a  passive  SiO2  layer.  After  10  hours  of  active  oxidation  exposure,  uncoated  SiC  lost  20.15  mg/cm2  and  showed  a  noticeable  reduction  in  size,  while  the  coated  SiC  lost  0.21  mg/cm2  .  Just  like  in  previous  coatings  on  a  Mo  substrate,  the  MoSi2  layer  in  the  coating  converted  to  Mo5Si3  which  was  able  to  form  passive  SiO2.  Analysis  of  the  Mo-Si-B  coated  SiC  interface  showed  a  layer  of  Mo5Si3C  with  interspersed  SiO2  in  place  of  a  T2  layer.  This  was  expected  though,  as  T2  only  forms  since  MoSi2  and  MoB  are  not  in  equilibrium  with  Mo.  When  the  Mo  substrate  is  replaced  with  SiC,  there  is  no  driving  force  to  form  T2.  Post-test  cross  sectional  analysis  showed  that  the  Mo5Si3C  layer  had  the  formation  of  CO  pores,  although  these  did  not  hinder  the  oxidation  protection  of  the  coating  or  create  disruptions  in  the  coating.  Issues  may  arise  at  higher  temperatures  or  longer  times,  but  these  initial  results  show  Mo-Si-B  coatings  are  promising  candidate  for  active  oxidation  protection  of  SiC.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0262.
■650  4▼aEngineering
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■650  4▼aInorganic  chemistry
■653    ▼aActive  oxidation
■653    ▼aBorosilica
■653    ▼aCoating
■653    ▼aMo-Si-B
■653    ▼aPassive-to-active  transition
■653    ▼aSiC  
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0537
■690    ▼a0348
■690    ▼a0488
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼bMaterials  Science  and  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0262
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359072▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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