서브메뉴
검색
Investigating the Route of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Through Wastewater Treatment Plants and the Environment
Investigating the Route of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Through Wastewater Treatment Plants and the Environment
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104833
- ISBN
- 9798293866564
- DDC
- 628
- 서명/저자
- Investigating the Route of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Through Wastewater Treatment Plants and the Environment
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 492 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Arnold, William A.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are high production volume chemicals used in consumer and industrial products including disinfectants. In this dissertation, influent, effluent, and biosolid samples were collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 2020 to 2023 and analyzed for 21 QACs to assess influent loadings and discharges to the environment via effluent and biosolids. The median total QAC concentrations in liquid influents and liquid effluents were on the order of hundreds of μg/L and hundreds of ng/L, respectively. Median biosolids concentrations were substantial (26 - 430 mg QAC/kg solids dry wt; maximum ~1 g/kg). At most plants 97% of QACs were removed by a combination of sorption (9-72%) and degradation (28 - 91%). One plant that used aerobic digestion has only 1% of the initial QACs in the biosolids. On a national scale, 1900 tons of QACs were estimated to enter WWTPs in liquid influent annually, 30 tons were estimated to be discharged with liquid effluent, and 660 tons adsorbed to biosolids, of which 560 tons is land applied or landfilled. Samples collected along the treatment train of E and F show that a majority of QACs are likely removed through quick sorption to primary sludge. To mitigate high concentrations affecting unit operations, a pre-treatment oxidation is explored as a solution which would remove QACs through a combination of sorption to oxides and oxidation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected downstream of WWTPs, and the results showed QAC concentrations in WWTP discharge impact lakes more than rivers. River F, the smallest river, was most impacted by effluent, with a majority of QACs annually in the river at the sampled downstream point coming from Plant F effluent. Effluent is a point source of QACs to surface waters and sediments, but there are clearly other sources of QACs to the environment.
- 키워드
- Biosolids
- 키워드
- Disinfectants
- 키워드
- Surface water
- 키워드
- Wastewater
- 기타저자
- University of Minnesota Civil Engineering
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008260126s2025 us c eng d■001000017359090
■00520260202104833
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798293866564
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32170914
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a628
■1001 ▼aMahony, Anna Katherine.
■24510▼aInvestigating the Route of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Through Wastewater Treatment Plants and the Environment
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Minnesota▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a492 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Arnold, William A.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2025.
■520 ▼aQuaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are high production volume chemicals used in consumer and industrial products including disinfectants. In this dissertation, influent, effluent, and biosolid samples were collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 2020 to 2023 and analyzed for 21 QACs to assess influent loadings and discharges to the environment via effluent and biosolids. The median total QAC concentrations in liquid influents and liquid effluents were on the order of hundreds of μg/L and hundreds of ng/L, respectively. Median biosolids concentrations were substantial (26 - 430 mg QAC/kg solids dry wt; maximum ~1 g/kg). At most plants 97% of QACs were removed by a combination of sorption (9-72%) and degradation (28 - 91%). One plant that used aerobic digestion has only 1% of the initial QACs in the biosolids. On a national scale, 1900 tons of QACs were estimated to enter WWTPs in liquid influent annually, 30 tons were estimated to be discharged with liquid effluent, and 660 tons adsorbed to biosolids, of which 560 tons is land applied or landfilled. Samples collected along the treatment train of E and F show that a majority of QACs are likely removed through quick sorption to primary sludge. To mitigate high concentrations affecting unit operations, a pre-treatment oxidation is explored as a solution which would remove QACs through a combination of sorption to oxides and oxidation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected downstream of WWTPs, and the results showed QAC concentrations in WWTP discharge impact lakes more than rivers. River F, the smallest river, was most impacted by effluent, with a majority of QACs annually in the river at the sampled downstream point coming from Plant F effluent. Effluent is a point source of QACs to surface waters and sediments, but there are clearly other sources of QACs to the environment.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0130.
■650 4▼aEnvironmental engineering
■650 4▼aWater resources management
■653 ▼aBiosolids
■653 ▼aDisinfectants
■653 ▼aQuaternary ammonium compounds
■653 ▼aSurface water
■653 ▼aWastewater
■690 ▼a0775
■690 ▼a0595
■690 ▼a0474
■71020▼aUniversity of Minnesota▼bCivil Engineering.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-03B.
■790 ▼a0130
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359090▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
