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Essays in Empirical Industrial Organization: The Regulation of Hospitals and Production of Healthcare
Essays in Empirical Industrial Organization: The Regulation of Hospitals and Production of...
Essays in Empirical Industrial Organization: The Regulation of Hospitals and Production of Healthcare

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103822
ISBN  
9798315731443
DDC  
658
저자명  
Raja, Chandni.
서명/저자  
Essays in Empirical Industrial Organization: The Regulation of Hospitals and Production of Healthcare
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
184 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Asker, John W.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation studies the regulation of hospitals. Hospitals are firms that produce an important service whose quality we would like to regulate. Given a myriad of regulatory options, the choice over regulatory design depends intricately on an understanding of hospital production and behavior - to which this dissertation contributes.The first chapter was published as "How Do Hospitals Respond to Input Regulation? Evidence from the California Nurse Staffing Mandate" in the Journal of Health Economics (2023, 92, 102826). In this first chapter, I estimate the causal effects of minimum nurse-to-patient ratio regulation on California hospitals. Mandated minimum nurse-to-patient ratios for hospitals were legislated in California in 1999 and implemented in the early 2000s. Despite the magnitude of the regulation's impact and the growing interest in similar regulation worldwide, we lack conclusive evidence on the effects of the mandate.To address this gap in the literature, I estimate the causal effects of ratio regulation on California hospitals. I construct a dataset linking data on hospital financials with patient-level discharge records. I make the code for the construction of the hospital financial data and notes on variable measurement available on my website for other researchers (https://chandniraja.com/datasets/). Using an event study research design, I find the mandate led to a 58 min increase in nursing time per patient day and 9 percent increase in the wage bill per patient day in the general medical/surgical acute care unit among treated hospitals. Hospitals responded on several margins: increased use of lower-licensed and younger nurses, reduced capacity by 16 beds (14 percent), and increased bed utilization rates by 0.045 points (8 percent). Focusing on heart attack patients, I find a significant reduction in length of stay (5 percent) and no effect on the 30-day all-cause readmission rate. Finding no evidence of premature ("quicker and sicker") discharge from the readmission rate, I conclude that patients recovered more quickly due to an improvement in care quality per day.Given the regulation's stated objective to improve care quality at hospitals, a natural next question for an economist is whether the regulation is efficient at doing so. That is: In a setting where regulation targets a single input (nurses) but production is multi-input, is the chosen input allocation under the regulation equal to the cost-minimizing allocation? And in a setting where hospitals are heterogeneous in productivity and the patients they admit, is the regulated input (nurses) being allocated to where it is productive?The second chapter focuses on answering these questions. I specify a structural value-added model of hospital quality production that allows labor productivity to vary with observed patient type and unobserved hospital productivity. I bring this model to a dataset that allows me to measure quality in terms of clinical outcomes and to measure input use. I find nurses and physicians to be highly complementary (near Leontief) in production. I show that minimum nurse-to-patient ratios that do not account for these complementarities increase healthcare labor costs by 1.4 percent holding quality constant amounting to 4 million in costs across hospitals affected by the mandate. I recover hospital productivities and I show that on average there was no across-hospital misallocation of nurses to low productivity hospitals due to the ratio regulation - low staffing hospitals are as productive as their high staffing neighbors. However, I find efficiency gains can be made by reallocating nurses to hospitals with higher severity patients where they are more valuable.
일반주제명  
Finance
키워드  
Industrial organization
키워드  
Healthcare labor
키워드  
California hospitals
키워드  
Hospital financial data
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Economics 0246
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aRaja,  Chandni.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Empirical  Industrial  Organization:  The  Regulation  of  Hospitals  and  Production  of  Healthcare
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a184  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Asker,  John  W.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  studies  the  regulation  of  hospitals.  Hospitals  are  firms  that  produce  an  important  service  whose  quality  we  would  like  to  regulate.  Given  a  myriad  of  regulatory  options,  the  choice  over  regulatory  design  depends  intricately  on  an  understanding  of  hospital  production  and  behavior  -  to  which  this  dissertation  contributes.The  first  chapter  was  published  as  "How  Do  Hospitals  Respond  to  Input  Regulation?  Evidence  from  the  California  Nurse  Staffing  Mandate"  in  the  Journal  of  Health  Economics  (2023,  92,  102826).  In  this  first  chapter,  I  estimate  the  causal  effects  of  minimum  nurse-to-patient  ratio  regulation  on  California  hospitals.  Mandated  minimum  nurse-to-patient  ratios  for  hospitals  were  legislated  in  California  in  1999  and  implemented  in  the  early  2000s.  Despite  the  magnitude  of  the  regulation's  impact  and  the  growing  interest  in  similar  regulation  worldwide,  we  lack  conclusive  evidence  on  the  effects  of  the  mandate.To  address  this  gap  in  the  literature,  I  estimate  the  causal  effects  of  ratio  regulation  on  California  hospitals.  I  construct  a  dataset  linking  data  on  hospital  financials  with  patient-level  discharge  records.  I  make  the  code  for  the  construction  of  the  hospital  financial  data  and  notes  on  variable  measurement  available  on  my  website  for  other  researchers  (https://chandniraja.com/datasets/).  Using  an  event  study  research  design,  I  find  the  mandate  led  to  a  58  min  increase  in  nursing  time  per  patient  day  and  9  percent  increase  in  the  wage  bill  per  patient  day  in  the  general  medical/surgical  acute  care  unit  among  treated  hospitals.  Hospitals  responded  on  several  margins:  increased  use  of  lower-licensed  and  younger  nurses,  reduced  capacity  by  16  beds  (14  percent),  and  increased  bed  utilization  rates  by  0.045  points  (8  percent).  Focusing  on  heart  attack  patients,  I  find  a  significant  reduction  in  length  of  stay  (5  percent)  and  no  effect  on  the  30-day  all-cause  readmission  rate.  Finding  no  evidence  of  premature  ("quicker  and  sicker")  discharge  from  the  readmission  rate,  I  conclude  that  patients  recovered  more  quickly  due  to  an  improvement  in  care  quality  per  day.Given  the  regulation's  stated  objective  to  improve  care  quality  at  hospitals,  a  natural  next  question  for  an  economist  is  whether  the  regulation  is  efficient  at  doing  so.  That  is:  In  a  setting  where  regulation  targets  a  single  input  (nurses)  but  production  is  multi-input,  is  the  chosen  input  allocation  under  the  regulation  equal  to  the  cost-minimizing  allocation?  And  in  a  setting  where  hospitals  are  heterogeneous  in  productivity  and  the  patients  they  admit,  is  the  regulated  input  (nurses)  being  allocated  to  where  it  is  productive?The  second  chapter  focuses  on  answering  these  questions.  I  specify  a  structural  value-added  model  of  hospital  quality  production  that  allows  labor  productivity  to  vary  with  observed  patient  type  and  unobserved  hospital  productivity.  I  bring  this  model  to  a  dataset  that  allows  me  to  measure  quality  in  terms  of  clinical  outcomes  and  to  measure  input  use.  I  find  nurses  and  physicians  to  be  highly  complementary  (near  Leontief)  in  production.  I  show  that  minimum  nurse-to-patient  ratios  that  do  not  account  for  these  complementarities  increase  healthcare  labor  costs  by  1.4  percent  holding  quality  constant  amounting  to  ▼24  million  in  costs  across  hospitals  affected  by  the  mandate.  I  recover  hospital  productivities  and  I  show  that  on  average  there  was  no  across-hospital  misallocation  of  nurses  to  low  productivity  hospitals  due  to  the  ratio  regulation  -  low  staffing  hospitals  are  as  productive  as  their  high  staffing  neighbors.  However,  I  find  efficiency  gains  can  be  made  by  reallocating  nurses  to  hospitals  with  higher  severity  patients  where  they  are  more  valuable.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aFinance
■653    ▼aIndustrial  organization
■653    ▼aHealthcare  labor
■653    ▼aCalifornia  hospitals
■653    ▼aHospital  financial  data
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0508
■690    ▼a0769
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bEconomics  0246.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358259▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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