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Photolysis of Emerging Agricultural Applications Under Environmental Conditions
Photolysis of Emerging Agricultural Applications Under Environmental Conditions
Photolysis of Emerging Agricultural Applications Under Environmental Conditions

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104838
ISBN  
9798290963242
DDC  
628
저자명  
Ho, Kun-Pu.
서명/저자  
Photolysis of Emerging Agricultural Applications Under Environmental Conditions
발행사항  
[Sl] : Washington University in St Louis, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
150 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Parker, Kimberly.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Novel agricultural applications are rapidly emerging to protect crops from weeds or pests in the US and worldwide. Isoxaflutole is a proherbicide considered agriculturally significant because it controls weeds that have developed resistance to other commonly used herbicides. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) technology is regarded as a next-generation biopesticide because the technology has less toxicity to humans and more specificity to pests than traditional pesticides, which pose risks to the environment and the health of humans and livestock. However, we cannot disregard the possible risks of the emerging proherbicides and biopesticides to humans or non-target organisms. Therefore, the study of the environmental attenuation pathways (e.g., hydrolysis and photolysis) of these emerging agricultural applications is necessary to develop regulations and additional agricultural applications.The first objective examined the transformation of isoxaflutole and its active form, diketonitrile, via abiotic hydrolysis and photolysis at circumneutral pH, which are both key processes impacting the fate of these contaminants. Because isoxaflutole hydrolysis is triggered by hydroxide and buffer ions, the concentration of buffer salts was controlled to ensure that buffer salts hydrolysis did not significantly contribute to isoxaflutole hydrolysis at most pH values. Consequently, isoxaflutole hydrolyzes to diketonitrile with half-lives that are much longer than prior modeling suggested. After correcting for hydrolysis, I found that isoxaflutole photolyzed under simulated sunlight with a steady quantum yield in the buffers and surface waters, corresponding to a predicted near-surface half-life, which was also longer than previously suggested. Diketonitrile, which does not hydrolyze in all matrices, underwent slow photolysis despite significant absorbance within the solar spectrum, resulting in a much lower quantum yield than isoxaflutole quantum yield. To investigate the kinetics of isoxaflutole photolysis, I derived a model showing that diketonitrile was not a primary isoxaflutole photoproduct. Isoxaflutole photolysis generated several photoproducts, which showed different stabilities in the buffers at two pH values.The second objective examined the direct photolysis of dsRNA, the RNAi product, on glass and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surfaces, which represent the conditions of the leaf surface. The photolysis of dsRNA under simulated sunlight was accelerated by orders of magnitude when dsRNA was dried on surfaces as opposed to solution, when measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). I investigated the effect of the absorption of dried nucleic acid on the rapid surface photolysis and concluded that the dried dsRNA did not absorb more light on the surfaces than in solutions, suggesting that this accelerated photodegradation resulted from an increase in the photochemical quantum yield. To classify the photodamage of dsRNA, I analyzed dsRNA degradation using gel electrophoresis, indicating that photodegradation was not attributable to strand breaks. The rapid surface photolysis was more likely associated with photodegradation of nucleobases, resulting in accelerated loss of nucleoside monophosphates (NMPs) from digested dsRNA after its photodegradation on the glass surface compared to in solution.Overall, this study provides a comprehensive photochemical analysis of the emerging agricultural applications under environmental conditions. The photolysis of isoxaflutole and diketonitrile provides the clear kinetics and predicted half-lives of proherbicides under the environmental conditions. The unexpected photolysis behavior of dsRNA on the surfaces shows the importance of dsRNA photolysis in foliar application. This study indicates that the photolysis of the proherbicide and biopesticide is potentially comparable to the other environmental attenuation pathways considered in the prior environmental fate assessment.
일반주제명  
Environmental engineering
일반주제명  
Environmental science
일반주제명  
Agricultural engineering
키워드  
RNA interference
키워드  
Agricultural application
키워드  
Livestock
키워드  
Environmental condition
키워드  
Biopesticide
기타저자  
Washington University in St. Louis Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aHo,  Kun-Pu.
■24510▼aPhotolysis  of  Emerging  Agricultural  Applications  Under  Environmental  Conditions
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bWashington  University  in  St  Louis▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a150  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Parker,  Kimberly.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Washington  University  in  St.  Louis,  2025.
■520    ▼aNovel  agricultural  applications  are  rapidly  emerging  to  protect  crops  from  weeds  or  pests  in  the  US  and  worldwide.  Isoxaflutole  is  a  proherbicide  considered  agriculturally  significant  because  it  controls  weeds  that  have  developed  resistance  to  other  commonly  used  herbicides.  In  addition,  RNA  interference  (RNAi)  technology  is  regarded  as  a  next-generation  biopesticide  because  the  technology  has  less  toxicity  to  humans  and  more  specificity  to  pests  than  traditional  pesticides,  which  pose  risks  to  the  environment  and  the  health  of  humans  and  livestock.  However,  we  cannot  disregard  the  possible  risks  of  the  emerging  proherbicides  and  biopesticides  to  humans  or  non-target  organisms.  Therefore,  the  study  of  the  environmental  attenuation  pathways  (e.g.,  hydrolysis  and  photolysis)  of  these  emerging  agricultural  applications  is  necessary  to  develop  regulations  and  additional  agricultural  applications.The  first  objective  examined  the  transformation  of  isoxaflutole  and  its  active  form,  diketonitrile,  via  abiotic  hydrolysis  and  photolysis  at  circumneutral  pH,  which  are  both  key  processes  impacting  the  fate  of  these  contaminants.  Because  isoxaflutole  hydrolysis  is  triggered  by  hydroxide  and  buffer  ions,  the  concentration  of  buffer  salts  was  controlled  to  ensure  that  buffer  salts  hydrolysis  did  not  significantly  contribute  to  isoxaflutole  hydrolysis  at  most  pH  values.  Consequently,  isoxaflutole  hydrolyzes  to  diketonitrile  with  half-lives  that  are  much  longer  than  prior  modeling  suggested.  After  correcting  for  hydrolysis,  I  found  that  isoxaflutole  photolyzed  under  simulated  sunlight  with  a  steady  quantum  yield  in  the  buffers  and  surface  waters,  corresponding  to  a  predicted  near-surface  half-life,  which  was  also  longer  than  previously  suggested.  Diketonitrile,  which  does  not  hydrolyze  in  all  matrices,  underwent  slow  photolysis  despite  significant  absorbance  within  the  solar  spectrum,  resulting  in  a  much  lower  quantum  yield  than  isoxaflutole  quantum  yield.  To  investigate  the  kinetics  of  isoxaflutole  photolysis,  I  derived  a  model  showing  that  diketonitrile  was  not  a  primary  isoxaflutole  photoproduct.  Isoxaflutole  photolysis  generated  several  photoproducts,  which  showed  different  stabilities  in  the  buffers  at  two  pH  values.The  second  objective  examined  the  direct  photolysis  of  dsRNA,  the  RNAi  product,  on  glass  and  polytetrafluoroethylene  (PTFE)  surfaces,  which  represent  the  conditions  of  the  leaf  surface.  The  photolysis  of  dsRNA  under  simulated  sunlight  was  accelerated  by  orders  of  magnitude  when  dsRNA  was  dried  on  surfaces  as  opposed  to  solution,  when  measured  using  reverse  transcription-quantitative  polymerase  chain  reaction  (RT-qPCR).  I  investigated  the  effect  of  the  absorption  of  dried  nucleic  acid  on  the  rapid  surface  photolysis  and  concluded  that  the  dried  dsRNA  did  not  absorb  more  light  on  the  surfaces  than  in  solutions,  suggesting  that  this  accelerated  photodegradation  resulted  from  an  increase  in  the  photochemical  quantum  yield.  To  classify  the  photodamage  of  dsRNA,  I  analyzed  dsRNA  degradation  using  gel  electrophoresis,  indicating  that  photodegradation  was  not  attributable  to  strand  breaks.  The  rapid  surface  photolysis  was  more  likely  associated  with  photodegradation  of  nucleobases,  resulting  in  accelerated  loss  of  nucleoside  monophosphates  (NMPs)  from  digested  dsRNA  after  its  photodegradation  on  the  glass  surface  compared  to  in  solution.Overall,  this  study  provides  a  comprehensive  photochemical  analysis  of  the  emerging  agricultural  applications  under  environmental  conditions.  The  photolysis  of  isoxaflutole  and  diketonitrile  provides  the  clear  kinetics  and  predicted  half-lives  of  proherbicides  under  the  environmental  conditions.  The  unexpected  photolysis  behavior  of  dsRNA  on  the  surfaces  shows  the  importance  of  dsRNA  photolysis  in  foliar  application.  This  study  indicates  that  the  photolysis  of  the  proherbicide  and  biopesticide  is  potentially  comparable  to  the  other  environmental  attenuation  pathways  considered  in  the  prior  environmental  fate  assessment.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0252.
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  engineering
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  science
■650  4▼aAgricultural  engineering
■653    ▼aRNA  interference
■653    ▼aAgricultural  application
■653    ▼aLivestock
■653    ▼aEnvironmental  condition
■653    ▼aBiopesticide
■690    ▼a0775
■690    ▼a0768
■690    ▼a0539
■71020▼aWashington  University  in  St.  Louis▼bEnergy,  Environmental  &  Chemical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0252
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359124▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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