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Essays in Economics of Education
Essays in Economics of Education
Essays in Economics of Education

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103209
ISBN  
9798280761728
DDC  
370
저자명  
Shure, Kristen Beamer.
서명/저자  
Essays in Economics of Education
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
178 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Todd, Petra.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation focuses on questions related to economics of education in three chapters. The first chapter studies the effects of competition between schools on student academic achievement and school quality. I make use of a nationwide standardized test for all students in Mexico to study this question. The other two chapters utilize U.S. data to study questions related to labor markets and schools. In the second chapter, I study the role of information frictions in early career teacher turnover through a discrete choice dynamic programming model. My third paper, in Chapter 3, examines the effects of four-day school week on parental labor supply in the western and rural U.S. using a triple difference-in-differences approach. I summarize all three papers in my dissertation in more detail below.The first paper, titled "Public vs. Private: School Quality and Competition in Mexico", explores how increased school competition affects educational quality and student academic achievement. I characterize increased competition as a broader choice set of public and private schools in a local area. My research aims to understand whether and to what extent greater school competition leads to improved outcomes for all students or to cream-skimming to the detriment of public students. I also use my estimated model to analyze the effects of a range of actual and hypothetical educational policies on academic achievement and on inequality.To answer this question, I develop an equilibrium model where parents select schools from locally available options, while schools choose their quality attributes. This framework includes a value-added test score model that captures the influence of school quality on academic achievement and incorporates peer effects. I utilize this value-added test score model to measure school quality but also as an input in my structural estimation for test score production. I estimate the model using data from Mexico, where students are assigned to a default public school based on residence but can opt for a nearby public or private school. The analysis draws on three data sources: a national administrative database on Mexican schools, school quality metrics from a school census, and teacher wage data from the decennial Census. The study focuses on school choice at the critical transition between sixth and seventh grade, when students transition from primary school to middle school (grades 7-9).School quality estimates reveal that quality is positively correlated with school size and negatively correlated with student-teacher-ratio, aligning with much of the class-size literature. Further, I find that households have a strong distaste for far away schools. On the school side, I find that the premium for a one unit increase in teacher quality is equivalent to about half of the wage coefficient on experience. In counterfactual simulations, I evaluate the effects of competition on student performance and school quality choices by exploring policy changes that may affect local competition. I consider an alternate school choice environment where students do not have freedom to choose alternative public schools beyond their closest school. This allows for measurement of the effects of local public school competition. I also consider a private tuition voucher that discounts the price of private schools and consider a public school subsidy for teacher quality that makes hiring high-quality teachers cheaper for public schools. In all three counterfactual simulations I measure the effects on student performance and school quality.My interest in education markets extends beyond my job market paper. I study decentralized matching markets through the lens of the labor market for early career teachers in "Information Frictions and Teacher Turnover", co-authored with fellow Penn graduate student Zach Weingarten. The job market for early career teachers exhibits high rates of instability, with 44% of new teachers leaving the profession during their first five years, and we analyze whether this can be partly explained by information frictions. We develop and estimate a dynamic, partial equilibrium model of labor mobility that incorporates non-pecuniary information frictions for school climate and teacher workload. We embed information distortions into a discrete choice dynamic programming model of early career teacher labor mobility. We estimate the model using a novel combination of U.S. data on early career teachers, including the School and Staffing Survey (2007-2008), the Beginning Teacher Longitudinal Study (2007-2010) and the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (1993-2003). These data provide us with a holistic snapshot of teachers' experiences in the profession.We reconcile our findings through the policy lens of reducing teacher turnover. We find that a counterfactual policy which improves information outperforms each alternative policy considered in terms of improving teacher retention. Alternative policies considered include targeted wage premiums at hard-to-staff schools, large retention bonuses, and relaxed tenure requirements. Replicating the gains made through information revelation requires retention bonuses valued at 45% of teachers' current salaries.My third paper titled "Who takes care of the kids? Examining parental labor under four-day school weeks" further explores the relationship between schools and labor markets. I analyze the roll-out of the four-day school week in school districts across the western and rural U.S. (2000-2019). Districts transitioned to four-day school weeks to save money in terms of busing and building maintenance, but this transition presents unique challenges to households with school-age children in terms of childcare. I examine the effect of the four-day school week transition on family labor metrics using a triple difference-in-differences framework. Triple differences allows me to control for the age of children, which may affect the intensity of households childcare demands. By emphasizing family effects, I aim to better describe how households value childcare for school-age children. Previous research on the effects of four-day school weeks examines effects on students' academic performance but has only slightly touched upon the effects on families at large. This paper uses data from the ACS as well as new data that I collected on the implementation of four-day school weeks by school district.Using a triple difference-in-differences approach, I find that the four-day school week implementation negatively affects the total labor income for both single and married women. I find no measurable effects for single or married men. I find that the four-day school week schedule has negative effects for female labor supply.
일반주제명  
Education
키워드  
Dynamic programming model
키워드  
Educational quality
키워드  
Academic achievement
키워드  
School quality
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aShure,  Kristen  Beamer.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Economics  of  Education
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a178  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Todd,  Petra.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  focuses  on  questions  related  to  economics  of  education  in  three  chapters.  The  first  chapter  studies  the  effects  of  competition  between  schools  on  student  academic  achievement  and  school  quality.  I  make  use  of  a  nationwide  standardized  test  for  all  students  in  Mexico  to  study  this  question.  The  other  two  chapters  utilize  U.S.  data  to  study  questions  related  to  labor  markets  and  schools.  In  the  second  chapter,  I  study  the  role  of  information  frictions  in  early  career  teacher  turnover  through  a  discrete  choice  dynamic  programming  model.  My  third  paper,  in  Chapter  3,  examines  the  effects  of  four-day  school  week  on  parental  labor  supply  in  the  western  and  rural  U.S.  using  a  triple  difference-in-differences  approach.  I  summarize  all  three  papers  in  my  dissertation  in  more  detail  below.The  first  paper,  titled  "Public  vs.  Private:  School  Quality  and  Competition  in  Mexico",  explores  how  increased  school  competition  affects  educational  quality  and  student  academic  achievement.  I  characterize  increased  competition  as  a  broader  choice  set  of  public  and  private  schools  in  a  local  area.  My  research  aims  to  understand  whether  and  to  what  extent  greater  school  competition  leads  to  improved  outcomes  for  all  students  or  to  cream-skimming  to  the  detriment  of  public  students.  I  also  use  my  estimated  model  to  analyze  the  effects  of  a  range  of  actual  and  hypothetical  educational  policies  on  academic  achievement  and  on  inequality.To  answer  this  question,  I  develop  an  equilibrium  model  where  parents  select  schools  from  locally  available  options,  while  schools  choose  their  quality  attributes.  This  framework  includes  a  value-added  test  score  model  that  captures  the  influence  of  school  quality  on  academic  achievement  and  incorporates  peer  effects.  I  utilize  this  value-added  test  score  model  to  measure  school  quality  but  also  as  an  input  in  my  structural  estimation  for  test  score  production.  I  estimate  the  model  using  data  from  Mexico,  where  students  are  assigned  to  a  default  public  school  based  on  residence  but  can  opt  for  a  nearby  public  or  private  school.  The  analysis  draws  on  three  data  sources:  a  national  administrative  database  on  Mexican  schools,  school  quality  metrics  from  a  school  census,  and  teacher  wage  data  from  the  decennial  Census.  The  study  focuses  on  school  choice  at  the  critical  transition  between  sixth  and  seventh  grade,  when  students  transition  from  primary  school  to  middle  school  (grades  7-9).School  quality  estimates  reveal  that  quality  is  positively  correlated  with  school  size  and  negatively  correlated  with  student-teacher-ratio,  aligning  with  much  of  the  class-size  literature.  Further,  I  find  that  households  have  a  strong  distaste  for  far  away  schools.  On  the  school  side,  I  find  that  the  premium  for  a  one  unit  increase  in  teacher  quality  is  equivalent  to  about  half  of  the  wage  coefficient  on  experience.  In  counterfactual  simulations,  I  evaluate  the  effects  of  competition  on  student  performance  and  school  quality  choices  by  exploring  policy  changes  that  may  affect  local  competition.  I  consider  an  alternate  school  choice  environment  where  students  do  not  have  freedom  to  choose  alternative  public  schools  beyond  their  closest  school.  This  allows  for  measurement  of  the  effects  of  local  public  school  competition.  I  also  consider  a  private  tuition  voucher  that  discounts  the  price  of  private  schools  and  consider  a  public  school  subsidy  for  teacher  quality  that  makes  hiring  high-quality  teachers  cheaper  for  public  schools.  In  all  three  counterfactual  simulations  I  measure  the  effects  on  student  performance  and  school  quality.My  interest  in  education  markets  extends  beyond  my  job  market  paper.  I  study  decentralized  matching  markets  through  the  lens  of  the  labor  market  for  early  career  teachers  in  "Information  Frictions  and  Teacher  Turnover",  co-authored  with  fellow  Penn  graduate  student  Zach  Weingarten.  The  job  market  for  early  career  teachers  exhibits  high  rates  of  instability,  with  44%  of  new  teachers  leaving  the  profession  during  their  first  five  years,  and  we  analyze  whether  this  can  be  partly  explained  by  information  frictions.  We  develop  and  estimate  a  dynamic,  partial  equilibrium  model  of  labor  mobility  that  incorporates  non-pecuniary  information  frictions  for  school  climate  and  teacher  workload.  We  embed  information  distortions  into  a  discrete  choice  dynamic  programming  model  of  early  career  teacher  labor  mobility.  We  estimate  the  model  using  a  novel  combination  of  U.S.  data  on  early  career  teachers,  including  the  School  and  Staffing  Survey  (2007-2008),  the  Beginning  Teacher  Longitudinal  Study  (2007-2010)  and  the  Baccalaureate  and  Beyond  Longitudinal  Study  (1993-2003).  These  data  provide  us  with  a  holistic  snapshot  of  teachers'  experiences  in  the  profession.We  reconcile  our  findings  through  the  policy  lens  of  reducing  teacher  turnover.  We  find  that  a  counterfactual  policy  which  improves  information  outperforms  each  alternative  policy  considered  in  terms  of  improving  teacher  retention.  Alternative  policies  considered  include  targeted  wage  premiums  at  hard-to-staff  schools,  large  retention  bonuses,  and  relaxed  tenure  requirements.  Replicating  the  gains  made  through  information  revelation  requires  retention  bonuses  valued  at  45%  of  teachers'  current  salaries.My  third  paper  titled  "Who  takes  care  of  the  kids?  Examining  parental  labor  under  four-day  school  weeks"  further  explores  the  relationship  between  schools  and  labor  markets.  I  analyze  the  roll-out  of  the  four-day  school  week  in  school  districts  across  the  western  and  rural  U.S.  (2000-2019).  Districts  transitioned  to  four-day  school  weeks  to  save  money  in  terms  of  busing  and  building  maintenance,  but  this  transition  presents  unique  challenges  to  households  with  school-age  children  in  terms  of  childcare.  I  examine  the  effect  of  the  four-day  school  week  transition  on  family  labor  metrics  using  a  triple  difference-in-differences  framework.  Triple  differences  allows  me  to  control  for  the  age  of  children,  which  may  affect  the  intensity  of  households  childcare  demands.  By  emphasizing  family  effects,  I  aim  to  better  describe  how  households  value  childcare  for  school-age  children.  Previous  research  on  the  effects  of  four-day  school  weeks  examines  effects  on  students'  academic  performance  but  has  only  slightly  touched  upon  the  effects  on  families  at  large.  This  paper  uses  data  from  the  ACS  as  well  as  new  data  that  I  collected  on  the  implementation  of  four-day  school  weeks  by  school  district.Using  a  triple  difference-in-differences  approach,  I  find  that  the  four-day  school  week  implementation  negatively  affects  the  total  labor  income  for  both  single  and  married  women.  I  find  no  measurable  effects  for  single  or  married  men.  I  find  that  the  four-day  school  week  schedule  has  negative  effects  for  female  labor  supply.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aEducation
■653    ▼aDynamic  programming  model
■653    ▼aEducational  quality
■653    ▼aAcademic  achievement
■653    ▼aSchool  quality
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0515
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0511
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12A.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357332▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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