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The Evolution of Neo-Sex Chromosomes in Australian Honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae)
The Evolution of Neo-Sex Chromosomes in Australian Honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae)
The Evolution of Neo-Sex Chromosomes in Australian Honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae)

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103206
ISBN  
9798280709898
DDC  
574
저자명  
Orzechowski MacRae, Sophia Catherine.
서명/저자  
The Evolution of Neo-Sex Chromosomes in Australian Honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae)
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
262 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Edwards, Scott;Haig, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Sex chromosomes display remarkable diversity across the tree of life, including extraordinary variation in their number, size, content, sex determining pathways, and rates of turnover, often even among closely related lineages. In birds, the Z and W sex chromosomes were thought to be stable and immune from evolutionary turnover events because they arose over 140 million years ago and appear to be present in all extant avian lineages. However, discoveries of neo-sex chromosomes, which constitute a type of turnover involving autosomal fusions with ancestral sex chromosomes, have begun to accumulate in various avian lineages. My dissertation focuses on describing the structure and phylogenetic distribution of neo-sex chromosomes in honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae), investigating potential consequences of their formation in the context of gene expression, and finally examining their potential role in climate adaptation. In Chapter 1, I characterize the putative fusion and structure of the neo-Z chromosome with genomic data by creating a high quality long-read genome and comparing it with other avian genomes. In Chapter 2, I integrate cytogenetic data and whole genome resequencing data to validate the fusion and structure of both neo-Z and neo-W chromosomes and resolve the phylogenetic distribution of neo-sex chromosomes in this clade. I also conduct phylogenetic tests to determine the timing and extent of recombination suppression on the neo-W, which is a hallmark of sex chromosome evolution and over time results in degeneration of the W. In Chapter 3, I investigate the evidence for dosage compensation on the neo-sex chromosomes, which is a regulatory mechanism that can evolve in response to degeneration of the neo-W to restore ancestral gene expression levels. I find evidence of incomplete dosage compensation in both the ancestral and added region of the neo-sex chromosomes. In Chapter 4, I conduct genotype-environment association analyses in a honeyeater with neo-sex chromosomes distributed across an aridity gradient in New South Wales. I find the ancestral Z has more significant associations with climate than the added Z and unexpectedly discover a number of large outlier regions on autosomes, including a polymorphic inversion, that are highly associated with climate and likely facilitating local adaptation through recombination modification. Taken together, my dissertation leverages genomic, transcriptomic, and cytogenetic data to shed light on a novel avian sex chromosome system and explore effects of its formation.
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Evolution & development
키워드  
Chromosomal rearrangements
키워드  
Dosage compensation
키워드  
Evolution
키워드  
Neo-sex chromosomes
키워드  
Recombination
키워드  
Sex chromosomes
기타저자  
Harvard University Biology Organismic and Evolutionary
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32000019
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■1001  ▼aOrzechowski  MacRae,  Sophia  Catherine.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-6746-6388
■24510▼aThe  Evolution  of  Neo-Sex  Chromosomes  in  Australian  Honeyeaters  (Aves:  Meliphagidae)
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a262  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Edwards,  Scott;Haig,  David.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aSex  chromosomes  display  remarkable  diversity  across  the  tree  of  life,  including  extraordinary  variation  in  their  number,  size,  content,  sex  determining  pathways,  and  rates  of  turnover,  often  even  among  closely  related  lineages.  In  birds,  the  Z  and  W  sex  chromosomes  were  thought  to  be  stable  and  immune  from  evolutionary  turnover  events  because  they  arose  over  140  million  years  ago  and  appear  to  be  present  in  all  extant  avian  lineages.  However,  discoveries  of  neo-sex  chromosomes,  which  constitute  a  type  of  turnover  involving  autosomal  fusions  with  ancestral  sex  chromosomes,  have  begun  to  accumulate  in  various  avian  lineages.  My  dissertation  focuses  on  describing  the  structure  and  phylogenetic  distribution  of  neo-sex  chromosomes  in  honeyeaters  (Aves:  Meliphagidae),  investigating  potential  consequences  of  their  formation  in  the  context  of  gene  expression,  and  finally  examining  their  potential  role  in  climate  adaptation.  In  Chapter  1,  I  characterize  the  putative  fusion  and  structure  of  the  neo-Z  chromosome  with  genomic  data  by  creating  a  high  quality  long-read  genome  and  comparing  it  with  other  avian  genomes.  In  Chapter  2,  I  integrate  cytogenetic  data  and  whole  genome  resequencing  data  to  validate  the  fusion  and  structure  of  both  neo-Z  and  neo-W  chromosomes  and  resolve  the  phylogenetic  distribution  of  neo-sex  chromosomes  in  this  clade.  I  also  conduct  phylogenetic  tests  to  determine  the  timing  and  extent  of  recombination  suppression  on  the  neo-W,  which  is  a  hallmark  of  sex  chromosome  evolution  and  over  time  results  in  degeneration  of  the  W.  In  Chapter  3,  I  investigate  the  evidence  for  dosage  compensation  on  the  neo-sex  chromosomes,  which  is  a  regulatory  mechanism  that  can  evolve  in  response  to  degeneration  of  the  neo-W  to  restore  ancestral  gene  expression  levels.  I  find  evidence  of  incomplete  dosage  compensation  in  both  the  ancestral  and  added  region  of  the  neo-sex  chromosomes.  In  Chapter  4,  I  conduct  genotype-environment  association  analyses  in  a  honeyeater  with  neo-sex  chromosomes  distributed  across  an  aridity  gradient  in  New  South  Wales.  I  find  the  ancestral  Z  has  more  significant  associations  with  climate  than  the  added  Z  and  unexpectedly  discover  a  number  of  large  outlier  regions  on  autosomes,  including  a  polymorphic  inversion,  that  are  highly  associated  with  climate  and  likely  facilitating  local  adaptation  through  recombination  modification.  Taken  together,  my  dissertation  leverages  genomic,  transcriptomic,  and  cytogenetic  data  to  shed  light  on  a  novel  avian  sex  chromosome  system  and  explore  effects  of  its  formation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aEvolution  &  development
■653    ▼aChromosomal  rearrangements
■653    ▼aDosage  compensation
■653    ▼aEvolution
■653    ▼aNeo-sex  chromosomes
■653    ▼aRecombination
■653    ▼aSex  chromosomes
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0715
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0412
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiology,  Organismic  and  Evolutionary.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357313▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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