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Development of Homo- and Heteromultimetallic Complexes Supported by 1,8- Naphthyridine Ligands
Development of Homo- and Heteromultimetallic Complexes Supported by 1,8- Naphthyridine Lig...
Development of Homo- and Heteromultimetallic Complexes Supported by 1,8- Naphthyridine Ligands

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103525
ISBN  
9798288866340
DDC  
540
저자명  
See, Matthew S.
서명/저자  
Development of Homo- and Heteromultimetallic Complexes Supported by 1,8- Naphthyridine Ligands
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
296 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Tilley, T. Don.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Chapter 1. Multimetallic moieties are widely invoked as the active sites of enzymes and heterogeneous materials responsible for the facilitation of chemical transformations that, to date, are very challenging to achieve in research laboratories or industrial settings under mild conditions. Attention in the field has largely been focused on the investigation of these difficult-to-study systems by developing relatively simpler molecular analogues. The close coordination of multiple metal centers is thought to allow for the hypothesized metal-metal cooperativity by enabling multielectron processes through electronic interactions and coordinating/activating substrates. Systems have been designed to exploit cooperativity between transition-metal pairs, which can lead to unusual reactivity or selectivity. This chapter briefly summarizes historical and contemporary achievements in this area of research with special attention focused on the utilization of the 1,8-naphthyridine motif.Chapter 2. A dinucleating 1,8-naphthyridine ligand featuring fluorene-9,9-diyl-linked phosphinoside arms (PNNPFlu) was synthesized and used to obtain the cationic dicopper complexes: 2.2, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐Ph)][NTf₂]; 2.6, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐CCPh)][NTf₂]; 2.3, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐OtBu)][NTf₂]. Complex 2.3 reacted with diboranes to afford dicopper μ‐boryl species (2.4, with μ‐Bcat; cat = catecholate and 2.5, with μ‐Bpin; pin = pinacolate) that are more reactive in C(sp)-H bond activations and toward activations of CO₂ and CS₂, compared to dicopper μ‐boryl complexes supported by a 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligand with di(pyridyl) side arms. The solid-state structures and DFT analysis indicate that the higher reactivity of 2.4 and 2.5 relates to changes in the coordination sphere of copper, rather than to perturbations on the Cu-B bonding interactions. Addition of xylyl isocyanide (CNXyl) to 2.4 gave 2.7, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐Bcat)(CNXyl)][NTf₂], demonstrating that the lower coordination number at copper is chemically significant. Reactions of 2.4 and 2.5 with CO₂ yielded the corresponding dicopper borate complexes: 2.8, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐OBcat)][NTf₂]; 2.9, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐OBpin)][NTf₂]. Complex 2.4 demonstrated catalytic reduction in the presence of excess diborane. Related reactions of 2.4 and 2.5 with CS₂ provided the insertion products: 2.10, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂]₂[μ‐S₂C(Bcat)₂][NTf₂]₂; 2.11, [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ,κ²‐S₂CBpin)][NTf₂], respectively. These products feature Cu-S-C-B linkages analogous to those of proposed CO₂ insertion intermediates.Chapter 3. The selective synthesis and isolation of homo- and heterobimetallic Fe/Mn complexes was facilitated by the synthesis of a new symmetrical 1,8-naphthyridine ligand featuring bioinspired triazole side arms (MTN). This ligand was used to obtain the cationic diiron complex: 3.4, [(MTN)₂Fe₂(μ-Cl)(THF)₂][NTf₂]₃, and monometallic iron complex: 3.5, MTN·FeCl₂. The vacant coordination position in 3.5 was used as a starting point for the coordination of an additional metal center. The addition of one equivalent of Mn[OTf]₂(MeCN)₃ and Fe[OTf]₂ to 3.5 filled the vacant coordination position to yield: 3.6, [(MTN)₃Fe(μ-Cl)₂Mn][OTf₂]₂, 3.7, [(MTN)₃Fe₂(μ-Cl)₂][OTf₂]₂. The identity and characterization of 3.4, 3.5, and 3.7 are supported by mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and EPR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the identity of the metal center (3.6), and the ligand field environment (3.4), can both lead to varied magnetic behavior compared to the prototypical example of 3.7, likely originating from the particular exchange pathway of these materials, as investigated by variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements.Chapter 4. Reaction of a dicopper(I) acetonitrile complex resulted in the activation of elemental sulfur to yield a formally 2Cu¹:2Cu² tetracopper mixed-valent μ-disulfide complex (4.1). Furthermore, stoichiometric reducing (cobaltocene) or oxidizing (Ag[NTf₂]) agents allow for the reversible interconversion between complex 4.1, a formally 3Cu¹:Cu² species (4.2), and a 4Cu¹ species (4.3). Given the isostructural nature of these complexes, the electronic communication between the metal centers of 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 were spectroscopically investigated with UV-Vis and EPR techniques, revealing the relative delocalization of the electron holes on all four copper centers of the complexes in 4.1 and 4.2. Variable magnetometry of 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 also reveals antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, and temperature-independent paramagnetic interactions, respectively. This study provides insight into related biological mixed-valent multicopper systems, shedding light on the unique electronic exchange interactions between the metal atoms.Chapter 5. A novel scaffold, 2,7-bis(2-fluorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (5.1), was synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling methods, allowing for facile access to new potential binucleating ligands. A variety of donor atoms can be furnished utilizing a straightforward nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. This versatility was demonstrated in the synthesis of two new ligands that feature S- and P-atom donors from sodium thiophenolate and potassium diphenylphosphide to yield an SNNS (5.2) and PNNP (5.3) extended pincer ligand, respectively. However, preliminary metalation conditions with 2.0 equiv. [Cu(NCMe)₄][NTf₂] suggest the coordination of only one copper center, as confirmed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analysis. However, this work provides a proof-of-concept for a versatile stepwise synthetic strategy for new 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligands whose bimetallic binding capabilities may be supported by expanding the scope of the metalation conditions.Chapter 6. The synthetic platforms and techniques developed in Chapters 2-5 and the insights garnered therein provided countless opportunities to further develop the homo- and heterobimetallic capabilities of dinucleating 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligands. This chapter presents the development of a new robust unsymmetrical 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligand, three preliminary heterobimetallic (Cu/Zn, Ni/Fe, and Cu/Mo) results, and one preliminary homobimetallic (Co/Co) result with relevance to CO₂ reduction systems and Pauson-Khand catalysis, respectively. Since these stories are works in progress, only a few highlights are presented.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Inorganic chemistry
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
키워드  
Heteromultimetallic complexes
키워드  
Homomultimetallic complexes
키워드  
Ligands
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

 008260126s2025        us                              c    eng  d
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32039235
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a540
■1001  ▼aSee,  Matthew  S.
■24510▼aDevelopment  of  Homo-  and  Heteromultimetallic  Complexes  Supported  by  1,8-  Naphthyridine  Ligands
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a296  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Tilley,  T.  Don.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aChapter  1.  Multimetallic  moieties  are  widely  invoked  as  the  active  sites  of  enzymes  and  heterogeneous  materials  responsible  for  the  facilitation  of  chemical  transformations  that,  to  date,  are  very  challenging  to  achieve  in  research  laboratories  or  industrial  settings  under  mild  conditions.  Attention  in  the  field  has  largely  been  focused  on  the  investigation  of  these  difficult-to-study  systems  by  developing  relatively  simpler  molecular  analogues.  The  close  coordination  of  multiple  metal  centers  is  thought  to  allow  for  the  hypothesized  metal-metal  cooperativity  by  enabling  multielectron  processes  through  electronic  interactions  and  coordinating/activating  substrates.  Systems  have  been  designed  to  exploit  cooperativity  between  transition-metal  pairs,  which  can  lead  to  unusual  reactivity  or  selectivity.  This  chapter  briefly  summarizes  historical  and  contemporary  achievements  in  this  area  of  research  with  special  attention  focused  on  the  utilization  of  the  1,8-naphthyridine  motif.Chapter  2.  A  dinucleating  1,8-naphthyridine  ligand  featuring  fluorene-9,9-diyl-linked  phosphinoside  arms  (PNNPFlu)  was  synthesized  and  used  to  obtain  the  cationic  dicopper  complexes:    2.2,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐Ph)][NTf₂];    2.6,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐CCPh)][NTf₂];    2.3,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐OtBu)][NTf₂].    Complex  2.3  reacted  with  diboranes  to  afford  dicopper  μ‐boryl  species  (2.4,  with  μ‐Bcat;  cat  =  catecholate  and  2.5,  with  μ‐Bpin;  pin  =  pinacolate)  that  are  more  reactive  in  C(sp)-H  bond  activations  and  toward  activations  of  CO₂  and  CS₂,  compared  to  dicopper  μ‐boryl  complexes  supported  by  a  1,8-naphthyridine-based  ligand  with  di(pyridyl)  side  arms.  The  solid-state  structures  and  DFT  analysis  indicate  that  the  higher  reactivity  of  2.4  and  2.5  relates  to  changes  in  the  coordination  sphere  of  copper,  rather  than  to  perturbations  on  the  Cu-B  bonding  interactions.  Addition  of  xylyl  isocyanide  (CNXyl)  to  2.4  gave  2.7,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐Bcat)(CNXyl)][NTf₂],  demonstrating  that  the  lower  coordination  number  at  copper  is  chemically  significant.  Reactions  of  2.4  and  2.5  with  CO₂  yielded  the  corresponding  dicopper  borate  complexes:    2.8,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐OBcat)][NTf₂];    2.9,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ‐OBpin)][NTf₂].    Complex  2.4  demonstrated  catalytic  reduction  in  the  presence  of  excess  diborane.  Related  reactions  of  2.4  and  2.5  with  CS₂  provided  the  insertion  products:    2.10,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂]₂[μ‐S₂C(Bcat)₂][NTf₂]₂;    2.11,  [(PNNPFlu)Cu₂(μ,κ²‐S₂CBpin)][NTf₂],  respectively.    These  products  feature  Cu-S-C-B  linkages  analogous  to  those  of  proposed  CO₂  insertion  intermediates.Chapter  3.  The  selective  synthesis  and  isolation  of  homo-  and  heterobimetallic  Fe/Mn  complexes  was  facilitated  by  the  synthesis  of  a  new  symmetrical  1,8-naphthyridine  ligand  featuring  bioinspired  triazole  side  arms  (MTN).  This  ligand  was  used  to  obtain  the  cationic  diiron  complex:    3.4,  [(MTN)₂Fe₂(μ-Cl)(THF)₂][NTf₂]₃,    and  monometallic  iron  complex:  3.5,  MTN·FeCl₂.    The  vacant  coordination  position  in  3.5  was  used  as  a  starting  point  for  the  coordination  of  an  additional  metal  center.  The  addition  of  one  equivalent  of  Mn[OTf]₂(MeCN)₃  and  Fe[OTf]₂  to  3.5  filled  the  vacant  coordination  position  to  yield:    3.6,  [(MTN)₃Fe(μ-Cl)₂Mn][OTf₂]₂,    3.7,  [(MTN)₃Fe₂(μ-Cl)₂][OTf₂]₂.  The  identity  and  characterization  of  3.4,  3.5,  and  3.7  are  supported  by  mass  spectrometry,  X-ray  diffraction  analysis,  and  EPR  spectroscopy.  Furthermore,  the  identity  of  the  metal  center  (3.6),  and  the  ligand  field  environment  (3.4),  can  both  lead  to  varied  magnetic  behavior  compared  to  the  prototypical  example  of  3.7,  likely  originating  from  the  particular  exchange  pathway  of  these  materials,  as  investigated  by  variable-temperature  magnetic  susceptibility  measurements.Chapter  4.  Reaction  of  a  dicopper(I)  acetonitrile  complex  resulted  in  the  activation  of  elemental  sulfur  to  yield  a  formally  2Cu¹:2Cu²  tetracopper  mixed-valent  μ-disulfide  complex  (4.1).  Furthermore,  stoichiometric  reducing  (cobaltocene)  or  oxidizing  (Ag[NTf₂])  agents  allow  for  the  reversible  interconversion  between  complex  4.1,  a  formally  3Cu¹:Cu²  species  (4.2),  and  a  4Cu¹  species  (4.3).  Given  the  isostructural  nature  of  these  complexes,  the  electronic  communication  between  the  metal  centers  of  4.1,  4.2,  and  4.3  were  spectroscopically  investigated  with  UV-Vis  and  EPR  techniques,  revealing  the  relative  delocalization  of  the  electron  holes  on  all  four  copper  centers  of  the  complexes  in  4.1  and  4.2.  Variable  magnetometry  of  4.1,  4.2,  and  4.3  also  reveals  antiferromagnetic,  ferromagnetic,  and  temperature-independent  paramagnetic  interactions,  respectively.  This  study  provides  insight  into  related  biological  mixed-valent  multicopper  systems,  shedding  light  on  the  unique  electronic  exchange  interactions  between  the  metal  atoms.Chapter  5.  A  novel  scaffold,  2,7-bis(2-fluorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine  (5.1),  was  synthesized  via  Suzuki  cross-coupling  methods,  allowing  for  facile  access  to  new  potential  binucleating  ligands.  A  variety  of  donor  atoms  can  be  furnished  utilizing  a  straightforward  nucleophilic  aromatic  substitution  reaction.  This  versatility  was  demonstrated  in  the  synthesis  of  two  new  ligands  that  feature  S-  and  P-atom  donors  from  sodium  thiophenolate  and  potassium  diphenylphosphide  to  yield  an  SNNS  (5.2)  and  PNNP  (5.3)  extended  pincer  ligand,  respectively.  However,  preliminary  metalation  conditions  with  2.0  equiv.  [Cu(NCMe)₄][NTf₂]  suggest  the  coordination  of  only  one  copper  center,  as  confirmed  by  multinuclear  NMR  spectroscopy  and  mass  spectrometry  analysis.  However,  this  work  provides  a  proof-of-concept  for  a  versatile  stepwise  synthetic  strategy  for  new  1,8-naphthyridine-based  ligands  whose  bimetallic  binding  capabilities  may  be  supported  by  expanding  the  scope  of  the  metalation  conditions.Chapter  6.  The  synthetic  platforms  and  techniques  developed  in  Chapters  2-5  and  the  insights  garnered  therein  provided  countless  opportunities  to  further  develop  the  homo-  and  heterobimetallic  capabilities  of  dinucleating  1,8-naphthyridine-based  ligands.  This  chapter  presents  the  development  of  a  new  robust  unsymmetrical  1,8-naphthyridine-based  ligand,  three  preliminary  heterobimetallic  (Cu/Zn,  Ni/Fe,  and  Cu/Mo)  results,  and  one  preliminary  homobimetallic  (Co/Co)  result  with  relevance  to  CO₂  reduction  systems  and  Pauson-Khand  catalysis,  respectively.  Since  these  stories  are  works  in  progress,  only  a  few  highlights  are  presented.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aInorganic  chemistry
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■653    ▼aHeteromultimetallic  complexes
■653    ▼aHomomultimetallic  complexes
■653    ▼aLigands
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0488
■690    ▼a0486
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357531▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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