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Leveraging Functional Genomics to Elucidate Mechanisms of Targeted Protein Degradation
Leveraging Functional Genomics to Elucidate Mechanisms of Targeted Protein Degradation
Leveraging Functional Genomics to Elucidate Mechanisms of Targeted Protein Degradation

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103527
ISBN  
9798280719392
DDC  
540
저자명  
Rae, Megan Yeo Jin.
서명/저자  
Leveraging Functional Genomics to Elucidate Mechanisms of Targeted Protein Degradation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
242 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Liau, Brian.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a rapidly developing field that hijacks the cell's ubiquitin-proteasome system by using small molecules to induce proximity between a protein of interest and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to target ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. These TPD-inducing molecules, termed degraders, offer advantages over traditional occupancy-based inhibitors by operating through event-driven pharmacology, making this modality attractive as chemical biology tools and therapeutics. Molecular glues represent a unique class of degraders due to their monovalent nature and favorable drug-like properties, making them attractive both as therapeutics and as scaffolds for the development of heterobifunctional degraders. These molecules are also uniquely selective due to the high degree of protein and ligand cooperativity required for productive ternary complex formation between the neosubstrate and the E3 ubiquitin ligase. However, the rational development of glue degraders has been challenging, with most known examples identified through serendipitous discovery or high-throughput screening. Thus, strategies that enable the elucidation of their structural prerequisites, E3 ligase scaffold preferences, and potential resistance mechanisms will be important for accelerating the discovery and design of molecular glue degraders.In this thesis, I present three projects that leverage functional genomics approaches, including CRISPR-suppressor screens, base editor scanning, and deep mutational scanning, to illuminate molecular principles governing TPD by molecular glue degraders. Genome editing technologies enable systematic amino acid-resolution mutagenesis in endogenous contexts, while expression library screens allow comprehensive evaluation of genetic variation in a controlled, unbiased manner to map structure-function relationships of E3 ligases. Together, these approaches reveal novel insights into mechanisms of action, resistance, and chemical-genetic convergence, which can be harnessed to guide rational degrader design.In Chapter 2, I describe our efforts to map the landscape of resistance mutations in the neosubstrates RBM39 and GSPT1 in response to their respective molecular glue degraders. Through CRISPR-Cas9 tiling screens, we uncover canonical degron mutations that disrupt degrader binding, as well as distal site mutations that partially rescue degradation yet are sufficient for cell survival. Integration with evolutionary sequence conservation data reveals varying levels of sequence conservation across resistance sites in RBM39 and GSPT1, suggesting that structural and functional requirements of protein regions constrain the accessible mutational space and thereby drive divergent mutational outcomes across targets.In Chapter 3, I focus on elucidating the mechanism of action of the molecular glue degrader UM171, which induces the degradation of the LSD1-CoREST corepressor complex via the Cullin3-RING E3 ligase substrate receptor, KBTBD4. By integrating proteomics, functional genomics, biochemical analysis, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that HDAC1/2, the direct target of UM171, bridges CoREST to KBTBD4, and that CoREST degradation requires a dual-glue mechanism involving the metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6). Base editor scanning further validates critical residues in the ternary complex interface, showcasing the value of precise genetic perturbations in probing requirements for degrader activity.In Chapter 4, I investigate KBTBD4 mutations found in medulloblastoma, demonstrating that these mutants are gain-of-function (GOF) and mimic UM171 by promoting neomorphic degradation of CoREST through HDAC1/2 engagement. Using deep mutational scanning, we chart the mutational landscape of the KBTBD4 cancer hotspot, revealing a strong preference for insertion mutations in driving neomorphic E3-substrate engagement. Unexpectedly, structural analyses demonstrate a convergent shape complementarity phenomenon between these cancer mutations and UM171, where genetic mutations and chemical matter structurally and functionally mimic each other. We also demonstrate that HDAC1/2 inhibitors can disrupt the mutant ternary complex and suppress proliferation in patient-derived KBTBD4-mutant medulloblastoma cells, revealing a therapeutically actionable vulnerability.Collectively, these studies illustrate the power of massively parallel genetic screening in uncovering mechanistic principles of molecular glue degraders, identifying resistance vulnerabilities, and guiding degrader design, prompting their use as valuable tools in the TPD space. Importantly, we describe a phenomenon of chemical-genetic convergence where genetic mutations and small molecules phenocopy each other structurally and functionally, highlighting a framework where genetic perturbations can be used to aid the rational design of induced proximity therapeutics. More broadly, this work underscores the potential of functional genomics to accelerate the discovery of next-generation degraders and proximity-based therapeutics.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Cancer
키워드  
Chemical epigenomics
키워드  
Functional genomics
키워드  
Saturated mutagenesis
키워드  
Targeted protein degradation
기타저자  
Harvard University Chemistry and Chemical Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aRae,  Megan  Yeo  Jin.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-7906-9080
■24510▼aLeveraging  Functional  Genomics  to  Elucidate  Mechanisms  of  Targeted  Protein  Degradation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a242  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Liau,  Brian.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aTargeted  protein  degradation  (TPD)  is  a  rapidly  developing  field  that  hijacks  the  cell's  ubiquitin-proteasome  system  by  using  small  molecules  to  induce  proximity  between  a  protein  of  interest  and  an  E3  ubiquitin  ligase,  leading  to  target  ubiquitination  and  subsequent  proteasomal  degradation.  These  TPD-inducing  molecules,  termed  degraders,  offer  advantages  over  traditional  occupancy-based  inhibitors  by  operating  through  event-driven  pharmacology,  making  this  modality  attractive  as  chemical  biology  tools  and  therapeutics.  Molecular  glues  represent  a  unique  class  of  degraders  due  to  their  monovalent  nature  and  favorable  drug-like  properties,  making  them  attractive  both  as  therapeutics  and  as  scaffolds  for  the  development  of  heterobifunctional  degraders.  These  molecules  are  also  uniquely  selective  due  to  the  high  degree  of  protein  and  ligand  cooperativity  required  for  productive  ternary  complex  formation  between  the  neosubstrate  and  the  E3  ubiquitin  ligase.  However,  the  rational  development  of  glue  degraders  has  been  challenging,  with  most  known  examples  identified  through  serendipitous  discovery  or  high-throughput  screening.  Thus,  strategies  that  enable  the  elucidation  of  their  structural  prerequisites,  E3  ligase  scaffold  preferences,  and  potential  resistance  mechanisms  will  be  important  for  accelerating  the  discovery  and  design  of  molecular  glue  degraders.In  this  thesis,  I  present  three  projects  that  leverage  functional  genomics  approaches,  including  CRISPR-suppressor  screens,  base  editor  scanning,  and  deep  mutational  scanning,  to  illuminate  molecular  principles  governing  TPD  by  molecular  glue  degraders.  Genome  editing  technologies  enable  systematic  amino  acid-resolution  mutagenesis  in  endogenous  contexts,  while  expression  library  screens  allow  comprehensive  evaluation  of  genetic  variation  in  a  controlled,  unbiased  manner  to  map  structure-function  relationships  of  E3  ligases.  Together,  these  approaches  reveal  novel  insights  into  mechanisms  of  action,  resistance,  and  chemical-genetic  convergence,  which  can  be  harnessed  to  guide  rational  degrader  design.In  Chapter  2,  I  describe  our  efforts  to  map  the  landscape  of  resistance  mutations  in  the  neosubstrates  RBM39  and  GSPT1  in  response  to  their  respective  molecular  glue  degraders.  Through  CRISPR-Cas9  tiling  screens,  we  uncover  canonical  degron  mutations  that  disrupt  degrader  binding,  as  well  as  distal  site  mutations  that  partially  rescue  degradation  yet  are  sufficient  for  cell  survival.  Integration  with  evolutionary  sequence  conservation  data  reveals  varying  levels  of  sequence  conservation  across  resistance  sites  in  RBM39  and  GSPT1,  suggesting  that  structural  and  functional  requirements  of  protein  regions  constrain  the  accessible  mutational  space  and  thereby  drive  divergent  mutational  outcomes  across  targets.In  Chapter  3,  I  focus  on  elucidating  the  mechanism  of  action  of  the  molecular  glue  degrader  UM171,  which  induces  the  degradation  of  the  LSD1-CoREST  corepressor  complex  via  the  Cullin3-RING  E3  ligase  substrate  receptor,  KBTBD4.  By  integrating  proteomics,  functional  genomics,  biochemical  analysis,  and  cryo-electron  microscopy  (cryo-EM),  we  show  that  HDAC1/2,  the  direct  target  of  UM171,  bridges  CoREST  to  KBTBD4,  and  that  CoREST  degradation  requires  a  dual-glue  mechanism  involving  the  metabolite  inositol  hexakisphosphate  (InsP6).  Base  editor  scanning  further  validates  critical  residues  in  the  ternary  complex  interface,  showcasing  the  value  of  precise  genetic  perturbations  in  probing  requirements  for  degrader  activity.In  Chapter  4,  I  investigate  KBTBD4  mutations  found  in  medulloblastoma,  demonstrating  that  these  mutants  are  gain-of-function  (GOF)  and  mimic  UM171  by  promoting  neomorphic  degradation  of  CoREST  through  HDAC1/2  engagement.  Using  deep  mutational  scanning,  we  chart  the  mutational  landscape  of  the  KBTBD4  cancer  hotspot,  revealing  a  strong  preference  for  insertion  mutations  in  driving  neomorphic  E3-substrate  engagement.  Unexpectedly,  structural  analyses  demonstrate  a  convergent  shape  complementarity  phenomenon  between  these  cancer  mutations  and  UM171,  where  genetic  mutations  and  chemical  matter  structurally  and  functionally  mimic  each  other.  We  also  demonstrate  that  HDAC1/2  inhibitors  can  disrupt  the  mutant  ternary  complex  and  suppress  proliferation  in  patient-derived  KBTBD4-mutant  medulloblastoma  cells,  revealing  a  therapeutically  actionable  vulnerability.Collectively,  these  studies  illustrate  the  power  of  massively  parallel  genetic  screening  in  uncovering  mechanistic  principles  of  molecular  glue  degraders,  identifying  resistance  vulnerabilities,  and  guiding  degrader  design,  prompting  their  use  as  valuable  tools  in  the  TPD  space.  Importantly,  we  describe  a  phenomenon  of  chemical-genetic  convergence  where  genetic  mutations  and  small  molecules  phenocopy  each  other  structurally  and  functionally,  highlighting  a  framework  where  genetic  perturbations  can  be  used  to  aid  the  rational  design  of  induced  proximity  therapeutics.  More  broadly,  this  work  underscores  the  potential  of  functional  genomics  to  accelerate  the  discovery  of  next-generation  degraders  and  proximity-based  therapeutics.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aCancer
■653    ▼aChemical  epigenomics
■653    ▼aFunctional  genomics
■653    ▼aSaturated  mutagenesis
■653    ▼aTargeted  protein  degradation
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bChemistry  and  Chemical  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357543▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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