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The Causes and Consequences of Stillbirth's Neglect in the Global Measurement of Fertility and Mortality
The Causes and Consequences of Stillbirth's Neglect in the Global Measurement of Fertility and Mortality
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103531
- ISBN
- 9798288866524
- DDC
- 312
- 서명/저자
- The Causes and Consequences of Stillbirths Neglect in the Global Measurement of Fertility and Mortality
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 168 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Johnson-Hanks, Jennifer;Ray, Raka.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Stillbirths are pregnancy losses at 28 weeks of gestation or later, defined by their viability outside the womb. The United Nations (UN) estimates that 2 million stillbirths occurred in 2019, with over 75% in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Most are preventable. Yet, unlike infant mortality, which has received vast attention and investment, stillbirths are neither mentioned in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, nor accounted for in the demographic study of mortality or fertility. A live born baby who takes a few breaths and then dies is counted as a death in our mortality statistics, but a stillborn baby who dies at the end of pregnancy or during labor is not counted, despite the similarities between liveborn and stillborn babies and the fact that they can be separated in age by seconds. Similarly, women who experience a stillbirth have sustained at minimum seven full months of pregnancy, yet the physical and mental costs of their pregnancies are not accounted for in our measures of fertility, which count only pregnancies that end in live births.This lack of recognition is both a cause and a consequence of the poor measurement of stillbirth globally, and is indicative of the broader devaluation of women's life experiences, particularly in poor countries. The focus of my dissertation, therefore, is to analyze and understand stillbirth's undercounting. Why is it that something so consequential to the individuals experiencing it, and so unambiguous as the loss of a viable baby at the end of pregnancy, is so difficult to measure? How does the poor measurement of stillbirth affect our knowledge of human wellbeing? My dissertation demonstrates why the omission of stillbirth from data collection systems and demographic theory has enormous consequences for our estimates of global health burdens, for identification and measurement of health inequalities, and for our understanding of the health consequences of pregnancy. My research interrupts the prevailing neglect of stillbirth as a meaningful health event, highlighting its impact on women's wellbeing and its importance for the social scientific understanding of population health.My dissertation consists of three studies and uses both quantitative and qualitative sources of data. In Chapter 1, I carefully consider the assumption of using live births as the appropriate denominator in existing mortality statistics. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 42 countries across world regions, I calculate new fetal-infant and fetal-neonatal rates of mortality that include stillbirths in traditional mortality measures. Expanding our child mortality statistics in this way shows a substantial shift in the scale of mortality that remains largely unrecognized in demographic research. Including stillbirth also suggests greater disparities in mortality across countries than traditional measures. Because stillbirth is known to be undercounted in surveys like the DHS, these new measures of fetal-infant and fetal-neonatal mortality are conservative, lower-bound estimates.Chapter 2 recognizes that stillbirth and pregnancy loss have also been overlooked in the demographic study of fertility, at significant cost to the recognition of women's reproductive labor globally. In an analysis that brings women's experiences to bear on the study of demography, I quantify women's experiences of pregnancy and pregnancy loss at the population level. Using data from DHS reproductive calendars across 65 Asian, African, and Latin American countries from 2005 and later, I find that out of 60 person-months in the five years prior to the survey, women spent an average of 17% of person-months being pregnant, including pregnancies that ended in live birth and those that ended in pregnancy loss. I also calculate what I call the maternal cumulative prevalence of pregnancy loss: across all 65 countries, an average of 155 per 1000 women who reported any pregnancy in the previous five years experienced a pregnancy loss in that period. I then develop a new measure called the Total Pregnancy Rate (TPR), which recalculates country level Total Fertility Rates (TFR), a commonly used measure interpreted as the average number of children a woman will have in her life, to include pregnancy loss. Differences across countries between the TFR and TPR show that more pregnancy loss is needed in some places to get to the TFR that we are used to seeing.In Chapter 3, I investigate the social processes that lead to stillbirth's undercounting. Over seven months in India, home to the largest estimated number of stillbirths worldwide, I conducted over 100 interviews with women and families who have experienced stillbirth, health workers, data managers, government officials, and maternal and child health experts. I find collective social silences around stillbirth in institutions of the family, the health system, and the state, which affect reporting by women in surveys, the main source of data for global stillbirth estimates. I also find that many women, when asked about their experience of stillbirth, report being behosh, or unconscious. This response may reflect the trauma of loss, mirror the silence of health workers and families, or indicate a refusal to engage with something that society does not acknowledge. By recognizing that individuals reporting on their experiences of loss are both shaped by and negotiating with various social and institutional forces, this analysis provides a more holistic understanding of the reasons behind the undercounting of stillbirth. It also pushes us to consider the potential limits of existing demographic methods of producing knowledge.
- 일반주제명
- Demography
- 일반주제명
- Sociology
- 키워드
- Fertility
- 키워드
- India
- 키워드
- Mortality
- 키워드
- Stillbirth
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Demography
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■1001 ▼aHathi, Payal Jayant.
■24510▼aThe Causes and Consequences of Stillbirth's Neglect in the Global Measurement of Fertility and Mortality
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a168 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Johnson-Hanks, Jennifer;Ray, Raka.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
■520 ▼aStillbirths are pregnancy losses at 28 weeks of gestation or later, defined by their viability outside the womb. The United Nations (UN) estimates that 2 million stillbirths occurred in 2019, with over 75% in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Most are preventable. Yet, unlike infant mortality, which has received vast attention and investment, stillbirths are neither mentioned in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, nor accounted for in the demographic study of mortality or fertility. A live born baby who takes a few breaths and then dies is counted as a death in our mortality statistics, but a stillborn baby who dies at the end of pregnancy or during labor is not counted, despite the similarities between liveborn and stillborn babies and the fact that they can be separated in age by seconds. Similarly, women who experience a stillbirth have sustained at minimum seven full months of pregnancy, yet the physical and mental costs of their pregnancies are not accounted for in our measures of fertility, which count only pregnancies that end in live births.This lack of recognition is both a cause and a consequence of the poor measurement of stillbirth globally, and is indicative of the broader devaluation of women's life experiences, particularly in poor countries. The focus of my dissertation, therefore, is to analyze and understand stillbirth's undercounting. Why is it that something so consequential to the individuals experiencing it, and so unambiguous as the loss of a viable baby at the end of pregnancy, is so difficult to measure? How does the poor measurement of stillbirth affect our knowledge of human wellbeing? My dissertation demonstrates why the omission of stillbirth from data collection systems and demographic theory has enormous consequences for our estimates of global health burdens, for identification and measurement of health inequalities, and for our understanding of the health consequences of pregnancy. My research interrupts the prevailing neglect of stillbirth as a meaningful health event, highlighting its impact on women's wellbeing and its importance for the social scientific understanding of population health.My dissertation consists of three studies and uses both quantitative and qualitative sources of data. In Chapter 1, I carefully consider the assumption of using live births as the appropriate denominator in existing mortality statistics. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 42 countries across world regions, I calculate new fetal-infant and fetal-neonatal rates of mortality that include stillbirths in traditional mortality measures. Expanding our child mortality statistics in this way shows a substantial shift in the scale of mortality that remains largely unrecognized in demographic research. Including stillbirth also suggests greater disparities in mortality across countries than traditional measures. Because stillbirth is known to be undercounted in surveys like the DHS, these new measures of fetal-infant and fetal-neonatal mortality are conservative, lower-bound estimates.Chapter 2 recognizes that stillbirth and pregnancy loss have also been overlooked in the demographic study of fertility, at significant cost to the recognition of women's reproductive labor globally. In an analysis that brings women's experiences to bear on the study of demography, I quantify women's experiences of pregnancy and pregnancy loss at the population level. Using data from DHS reproductive calendars across 65 Asian, African, and Latin American countries from 2005 and later, I find that out of 60 person-months in the five years prior to the survey, women spent an average of 17% of person-months being pregnant, including pregnancies that ended in live birth and those that ended in pregnancy loss. I also calculate what I call the maternal cumulative prevalence of pregnancy loss: across all 65 countries, an average of 155 per 1000 women who reported any pregnancy in the previous five years experienced a pregnancy loss in that period. I then develop a new measure called the Total Pregnancy Rate (TPR), which recalculates country level Total Fertility Rates (TFR), a commonly used measure interpreted as the average number of children a woman will have in her life, to include pregnancy loss. Differences across countries between the TFR and TPR show that more pregnancy loss is needed in some places to get to the TFR that we are used to seeing.In Chapter 3, I investigate the social processes that lead to stillbirth's undercounting. Over seven months in India, home to the largest estimated number of stillbirths worldwide, I conducted over 100 interviews with women and families who have experienced stillbirth, health workers, data managers, government officials, and maternal and child health experts. I find collective social silences around stillbirth in institutions of the family, the health system, and the state, which affect reporting by women in surveys, the main source of data for global stillbirth estimates. I also find that many women, when asked about their experience of stillbirth, report being behosh, or unconscious. This response may reflect the trauma of loss, mirror the silence of health workers and families, or indicate a refusal to engage with something that society does not acknowledge. By recognizing that individuals reporting on their experiences of loss are both shaped by and negotiating with various social and institutional forces, this analysis provides a more holistic understanding of the reasons behind the undercounting of stillbirth. It also pushes us to consider the potential limits of existing demographic methods of producing knowledge.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aDemography
■650 4▼aSociology
■653 ▼aDemographic measurement
■653 ▼aFertility
■653 ▼aIndia
■653 ▼aKnowledge production
■653 ▼aMortality
■653 ▼aStillbirth
■690 ▼a0938
■690 ▼a0626
■690 ▼a0769
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bDemography.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01B.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357572▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


