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Methods, Tools, and Data to Facilitate Development and Implementation of Essential Health Benefit Packages
Methods, Tools, and Data to Facilitate Development and Implementation of Essential Health ...
Methods, Tools, and Data to Facilitate Development and Implementation of Essential Health Benefit Packages

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104642
ISBN  
9798288834660
DDC  
614
저자명  
Ahmed, Sali.
서명/저자  
Methods, Tools, and Data to Facilitate Development and Implementation of Essential Health Benefit Packages
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
50 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Watkins, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Essential Health Benefit Packages (EHBPs) are a key implementation strategy for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). EHBP determines entitlement, reallocates resources, guides budgeting, influences service delivery, generates demand, and reduces service fees. Despite countries' interest in EHBP, the development of its implementation has been suboptimal. EHBPs are often criticized as aspirational rather than pragmatic. This has been attributed to 1) ad hoc and unsystematic prioritization, 2) High uncertainty in cost estimates, and 3) Lack of agreed-upon performance indicators. Through my dissertation, I aim to strengthen the effective implementation of EHBPs by utilizing innovative methods, tools, and data that bridge the gap between EHBPs development and implementation. For the first aim of the dissertation, I address the question of how policymakers choose which health interventions to implement when they face resource constraints. Second, I developed a model to assess the amount of funding governments would need to implement a comprehensive EHBP. Lastly, I address the question of how implementers in resource-limited settings monitor the implementation of EHBPs at a national scale.For aim 1, I conducted a discrete choice experiment among 49 policymakers involved in developing Ethiopia's EHBP. The experiment used a four-attribute, forced-choice design. Vignettes presented two hypothetical alternative interventions, totaling 18 vignettes. The attributes specified for the two alternatives were (1) absolute reduction in mortality, (2) severity of disease targeted, (3) age group targeted, and (4) absolute reduction in medical impoverishment. Based on 864 total observations, I estimated the average preference weights for each attribute using a random-parameter mixed logit model. I found that all four criteria were statistically significant and varied monotonically across different attribute levels, as expected. The conditional relative importance of each of the four attributes was 38.8% for the targeted age group, 27.8% for the absolute reduction in mortality, 19.1% for the reduction in medical impoverishment, and 14.2% for the severity of the disease targeted. These findings provide empirical preference weights that can be incorporated into multicriteria decision analysis, thereby enhancing the systematic and transparent development of EHBP in Ethiopia and similar resource-limited settings.For aim 2, based on the Disease Control Priority Project (DCP 3) costing methodology, I developed a cost support model for EHBPs using Malawi as a case study. The model leveraged cost data and health system performance parameters to systematically estimate the total and incremental costs of EHBP implementation, mapping these costs by cost centers (delivery platforms and disease areas). The model utilizes the unit cost and Population in Need estimates collected through the structured review process. It uses estimates on health financing sources from the National Health Account and the Malawi health finance mapping exercise to map the cost distribution across cost centers. To demonstrate the model's utility, I estimated the projected cost of implementing Malawi's current Emergency Health Budget Plan (EHBP). The cost increases from $300 million in 2026 to $620 million under an adjusted coverage scenario (80% by 2050). The model presents a timely and non-resource-intensive starting point for countries to cost EHBPs. It provides a transparent and systematic approach to EHBP costing, enabling policymakers to align service packages with available fiscal space.For aim 3, I developed a framework for utilizing health facility surveys and geospatial data to measure population coverage of a broader range of services and to demonstrate its application in Malawi. Using the data from the 2019 Harmonized Health Facility Assessment conducted in Malawi, I identified a list of 129 interventions recommended by the DCP 3 for inclusion in health benefits packages in low-resource countries. I conducted a structured literature search to develop an input-based composite indicator for each intervention and then assessed the readiness of each intervention in Malawi's 564 public healthcare facilities. I used high-resolution population estimates for Malawi from WorldPop 2020 Raster to conduct a service area analysis to translate these readiness statistics into informative input-adjusted coverage estimates for Malawi. This framework can be adapted for other types of facility surveys, interventions, and countries, facilitating the monitoring of EHBP implementation progress.Most countries recognize UHC as a goal but have not taken concrete implementation steps to achieve it. Through providing a proof of concept for the quantification of decision makers' preferences, a cost support model that estimates the cost of EHBPs, and a flexible framework to assess health service coverage, the dissertation addresses three critical gaps and provides implementation research-oriented solutions to facilitate the support of the development and implementation of EHBPs. I hope that this work will provide starting points for researchers and public health policymakers interested in implementing EHBP and advancing UHC in resource-constrained settings.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Statistics
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Essential Health Benefit Packages
키워드  
Universal Health Coverage
키워드  
Mortality
키워드  
Medical impoverishment
키워드  
Disease Control Priority Project
기타저자  
University of Washington Global Health
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aAhmed,  Sali.
■24510▼aMethods,  Tools,  and  Data  to  Facilitate  Development  and  Implementation  of  Essential  Health  Benefit  Packages
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a50  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Watkins,  David.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2025.
■520    ▼aEssential  Health  Benefit  Packages  (EHBPs)  are  a  key  implementation  strategy  for  achieving  Universal  Health  Coverage  (UHC).  EHBP  determines  entitlement,  reallocates  resources,  guides  budgeting,  influences  service  delivery,  generates  demand,  and  reduces  service  fees.  Despite  countries'  interest  in  EHBP,  the  development  of  its  implementation  has  been  suboptimal.  EHBPs  are  often  criticized  as  aspirational  rather  than  pragmatic.  This  has  been  attributed  to  1)  ad  hoc  and  unsystematic  prioritization,  2)  High  uncertainty  in  cost  estimates,  and  3)  Lack  of  agreed-upon  performance  indicators.  Through  my  dissertation,  I  aim  to  strengthen  the  effective  implementation  of  EHBPs  by  utilizing  innovative  methods,  tools,  and  data  that  bridge  the  gap  between  EHBPs  development  and  implementation.  For  the  first  aim  of  the  dissertation,  I  address  the  question  of  how  policymakers  choose  which  health  interventions  to  implement  when  they  face  resource  constraints.  Second,  I  developed  a  model  to  assess  the  amount  of  funding  governments  would  need  to  implement  a  comprehensive  EHBP.  Lastly,  I  address  the  question  of  how  implementers  in  resource-limited  settings  monitor  the  implementation  of  EHBPs  at  a  national  scale.For  aim  1,  I  conducted  a  discrete  choice  experiment  among  49  policymakers  involved  in  developing  Ethiopia's  EHBP.  The  experiment  used  a  four-attribute,  forced-choice  design.  Vignettes  presented  two  hypothetical  alternative  interventions,  totaling  18  vignettes.  The  attributes  specified  for  the  two  alternatives  were  (1)  absolute  reduction  in  mortality,  (2)  severity  of  disease  targeted,  (3)  age  group  targeted,  and  (4)  absolute  reduction  in  medical  impoverishment.  Based  on  864  total  observations,  I  estimated  the  average  preference  weights  for  each  attribute  using  a  random-parameter  mixed  logit  model.  I  found  that  all  four  criteria  were  statistically  significant  and  varied  monotonically  across  different  attribute  levels,  as  expected.  The  conditional  relative  importance  of  each  of  the  four  attributes  was  38.8%  for  the  targeted  age  group,  27.8%  for  the  absolute  reduction  in  mortality,  19.1%  for  the  reduction  in  medical  impoverishment,  and  14.2%  for  the  severity  of  the  disease  targeted.  These  findings  provide  empirical  preference  weights  that  can  be  incorporated  into  multicriteria  decision  analysis,  thereby  enhancing  the  systematic  and  transparent  development  of  EHBP  in  Ethiopia  and  similar  resource-limited  settings.For  aim  2,  based  on  the  Disease  Control  Priority  Project  (DCP  3)  costing  methodology,  I  developed  a  cost  support  model  for  EHBPs  using  Malawi  as  a  case  study.  The  model  leveraged  cost  data  and  health  system  performance  parameters  to  systematically  estimate  the  total  and  incremental  costs  of  EHBP  implementation,  mapping  these  costs  by  cost  centers  (delivery  platforms  and  disease  areas).  The  model  utilizes  the  unit  cost  and  Population  in  Need  estimates  collected  through  the  structured  review  process.  It  uses  estimates  on  health  financing  sources  from  the  National  Health  Account  and  the  Malawi  health  finance  mapping  exercise  to  map  the  cost  distribution  across  cost  centers.  To  demonstrate  the  model's  utility,  I  estimated  the  projected  cost  of  implementing  Malawi's  current  Emergency  Health  Budget  Plan  (EHBP).  The  cost  increases  from  $300  million  in  2026  to  $620  million  under  an  adjusted  coverage  scenario  (80%  by  2050).  The  model  presents  a  timely  and  non-resource-intensive  starting  point  for  countries  to  cost  EHBPs.  It  provides  a  transparent  and  systematic  approach  to  EHBP  costing,  enabling  policymakers  to  align  service  packages  with  available  fiscal  space.For  aim  3,  I  developed  a  framework  for  utilizing  health  facility  surveys  and  geospatial  data  to  measure  population  coverage  of  a  broader  range  of  services  and  to  demonstrate  its  application  in  Malawi.  Using  the  data  from  the  2019  Harmonized  Health  Facility  Assessment  conducted  in  Malawi,  I  identified  a  list  of  129  interventions  recommended  by  the  DCP  3  for  inclusion  in  health  benefits  packages  in  low-resource  countries.  I  conducted  a  structured  literature  search  to  develop  an  input-based  composite  indicator  for  each  intervention  and  then  assessed  the  readiness  of  each  intervention  in  Malawi's  564  public  healthcare  facilities.  I  used  high-resolution  population  estimates  for  Malawi  from  WorldPop  2020  Raster  to  conduct  a  service  area  analysis  to  translate  these  readiness  statistics  into  informative  input-adjusted  coverage  estimates  for  Malawi.  This  framework  can  be  adapted  for  other  types  of  facility  surveys,  interventions,  and  countries,  facilitating  the  monitoring  of  EHBP  implementation  progress.Most  countries  recognize  UHC  as  a  goal  but  have  not  taken  concrete  implementation  steps  to  achieve  it.  Through  providing  a  proof  of  concept  for  the  quantification  of  decision  makers'  preferences,  a  cost  support  model  that  estimates  the  cost  of  EHBPs,  and  a  flexible  framework  to  assess  health  service  coverage,  the  dissertation  addresses  three  critical  gaps  and  provides  implementation  research-oriented  solutions  to  facilitate  the  support  of  the  development  and  implementation  of  EHBPs.  I  hope  that  this  work  will  provide  starting  points  for  researchers  and  public  health  policymakers  interested  in  implementing  EHBP  and  advancing  UHC  in  resource-constrained  settings.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aStatistics
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aEssential  Health  Benefit  Packages
■653    ▼aUniversal  Health  Coverage
■653    ▼aMortality
■653    ▼aMedical  impoverishment
■653    ▼aDisease  Control  Priority  Project
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0769
■690    ▼a0463
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bGlobal  Health.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01A.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358312▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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