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Computational and Machine Learning Algorithms Development for Epidemic Forecasting and Tobacco Research
Computational and Machine Learning Algorithms Development for Epidemic Forecasting and Tob...
Computational and Machine Learning Algorithms Development for Epidemic Forecasting and Tobacco Research

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105218
ISBN  
9798291566053
DDC  
004
저자명  
Tan, Jiale.
서명/저자  
Computational and Machine Learning Algorithms Development for Epidemic Forecasting and Tobacco Research
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
140 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Eisenberg, Marisa;Meza, Rafael.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Conducting research on epidemiological questions can be challenging due to the complexity of the data and underlying mechanisms involved. Mathematical modeling is crucial to public health research, in part because they allow us to extrapolate from data to provide useful insights into epidemiological patterns and trends. In this dissertation, we used and developed modeling approaches in two contexts: tobacco use and infectious disease epidemiology. We utilized a weighted Markov multistate transition model to estimate transitions in cigarette and ENDS use among youth in the US, addressing a critical public health question: Can electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) be considered a harm reduction tool or are they a catalyst for cigarette use? Furthermore, we investigated this question from a biomarker perspective by employing quantile regression to examine changes in biomarkers of tobacco exposure (BOE) when cigarette smokers switch to ENDS. Finally, we applied penalized regression and covariate selection methods to integrate parameter identifiability and model selection directly into a parameter estimation process for ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, using infectious disease models as a case study. Firstly, we applied a weighted Markov multistate transition model to analyze tobacco use transitions among 28,262 observations of youth aged 12-17 from waves 2-4 (approximately 2014-2017) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Our focus was on transitions between several usage states: never use, non-current experimental use, non-current regular use, current experimental use, and current regular use. We discovered that non-current experimental ENDS use is significantly positively associated with cigarette initiation. Furthermore, we observed weak positive associations between ENDS use and both cigarette progression and relapse. Conversely, while most instances of cigarette cessation do not seem to be linked to ENDS use, there is a non-significant positive association between current regular ENDS use and cigarette cessation among experimental users. Secondly, we examined whether ENDS use reduces harm by analyzing changes in biomarker levels using quantile regression. While cigarette use was linked to increases in all TSNAs and PAHs, ENDS use was associated only with certain TSNAs (e.g., NATT), suggesting potential harm reduction for biomarkers like NNAL, NABT, and NNNT. No significant link between ENDS use and PAHs was found, likely due to confounding factors. Finally, we have developed an algorithm-based framework, LASSO-ODE, designed to select identifiable mechanistic models, with a focus on infectious disease models. Our results demonstrate that the LASSO-ODE framework is highly effective at selecting a parsimonious and identifiable model from a set of larger, more complex models that may be unidentifiable, even when working with realistically sparse data containing only a single measured compartment and multiple latent (unobserved) variables. This capability is beneficial for public health practitioners and policymakers, as it supports informed decision-making and facilitates the creation of what-if scenarios, intervention testing and counterfactual analyses. Furthermore, the new cross-validation techniques for time series data introduced in our work offer promising new tools for data scientists in a variety of applications.
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Public health
키워드  
Mathematical modeling
키워드  
Algorithms
키워드  
Electronic nicotine delivery systems
키워드  
Ordinary differential equation
키워드  
Tobacco use
기타저자  
University of Michigan Epidemiological Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aTan,  Jiale.
■24510▼aComputational  and  Machine  Learning  Algorithms  Development  for  Epidemic  Forecasting  and  Tobacco  Research
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a140  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Eisenberg,  Marisa;Meza,  Rafael.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aConducting  research  on  epidemiological  questions  can  be  challenging  due  to  the  complexity  of  the  data  and  underlying  mechanisms  involved.  Mathematical  modeling  is  crucial  to  public  health  research,  in  part  because  they  allow  us  to  extrapolate  from  data  to  provide  useful  insights  into  epidemiological  patterns  and  trends.  In  this  dissertation,  we  used  and  developed  modeling  approaches  in  two  contexts:  tobacco  use  and  infectious  disease  epidemiology.  We  utilized  a  weighted  Markov  multistate  transition  model  to  estimate  transitions  in  cigarette  and  ENDS  use  among  youth  in  the  US,  addressing  a  critical  public  health  question:  Can  electronic  nicotine  delivery  systems  (ENDS)  be  considered  a  harm  reduction  tool  or  are  they  a  catalyst  for  cigarette  use?  Furthermore,  we  investigated  this  question  from  a  biomarker  perspective  by  employing  quantile  regression  to  examine  changes  in  biomarkers  of  tobacco  exposure  (BOE)  when  cigarette  smokers  switch  to  ENDS.  Finally,  we  applied  penalized  regression  and  covariate  selection  methods  to  integrate  parameter  identifiability  and  model  selection  directly  into  a  parameter  estimation  process  for  ordinary  differential  equation  (ODE)  models,  using  infectious  disease  models  as  a  case  study.    Firstly,  we  applied  a  weighted  Markov  multistate  transition  model  to  analyze  tobacco  use  transitions  among  28,262  observations  of  youth  aged  12-17  from  waves  2-4  (approximately  2014-2017)  of  the  Population  Assessment  of  Tobacco  and  Health  (PATH)  study.  Our  focus  was  on  transitions  between  several  usage  states:  never  use,  non-current  experimental  use,  non-current  regular  use,  current  experimental  use,  and  current  regular  use.  We  discovered  that  non-current  experimental  ENDS  use  is  significantly  positively  associated  with  cigarette  initiation.  Furthermore,  we  observed  weak  positive  associations  between  ENDS  use  and  both  cigarette  progression  and  relapse.  Conversely,  while  most  instances  of  cigarette  cessation  do  not  seem  to  be  linked  to  ENDS  use,  there  is  a  non-significant  positive  association  between  current  regular  ENDS  use  and  cigarette  cessation  among  experimental  users.  Secondly,  we  examined  whether  ENDS  use  reduces  harm  by  analyzing  changes  in  biomarker  levels  using  quantile  regression.  While  cigarette  use  was  linked  to  increases  in  all  TSNAs  and  PAHs,  ENDS  use  was  associated  only  with  certain  TSNAs  (e.g.,  NATT),  suggesting  potential  harm  reduction  for  biomarkers  like  NNAL,  NABT,  and  NNNT.  No  significant  link  between  ENDS  use  and  PAHs  was  found,  likely  due  to  confounding  factors.  Finally,  we  have  developed  an  algorithm-based  framework,  LASSO-ODE,  designed  to  select  identifiable  mechanistic  models,  with  a  focus  on  infectious  disease  models.  Our  results  demonstrate  that  the  LASSO-ODE  framework  is  highly  effective  at  selecting  a  parsimonious  and  identifiable  model  from  a  set  of  larger,  more  complex  models  that  may  be  unidentifiable,  even  when  working  with  realistically  sparse  data  containing  only  a  single  measured  compartment  and  multiple  latent  (unobserved)  variables.  This  capability  is  beneficial  for  public  health  practitioners  and  policymakers,  as  it  supports  informed  decision-making  and  facilitates  the  creation  of  what-if  scenarios,  intervention  testing  and  counterfactual  analyses.  Furthermore,  the  new  cross-validation  techniques  for  time  series  data  introduced  in  our  work  offer  promising  new  tools  for  data  scientists  in  a  variety  of  applications.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■653    ▼aMathematical  modeling
■653    ▼aAlgorithms
■653    ▼aElectronic  nicotine  delivery  systems
■653    ▼aOrdinary  differential  equation
■653    ▼aTobacco  use
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0573
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bEpidemiological  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359815▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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