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Fundamental Studies of Sprays in Energy-Intense Systems: Case Studies of Pre-Chamber Jet Combustion and Freezing Water Sprays
Fundamental Studies of Sprays in Energy-Intense Systems: Case Studies of Pre-Chamber Jet Combustion and Freezing Water Sprays
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105219
- ISBN
- 9798291566060
- DDC
- 621
- 저자명
- Zhu, Chenyi.
- 서명/저자
- Fundamental Studies of Sprays in Energy-Intense Systems: Case Studies of Pre-Chamber Jet Combustion and Freezing Water Sprays
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 175 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Wooldridge, Margaret S.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Improving the understanding of spray phenomena can benefit design and implementation of many important engineering applications and aid in the interpretation of natural phenomena. Sprays are often challenging to investigate and model due to the complex physics and chemistry involved. The objective of this dissertation was to advance the fundamental understanding of sprays in two energy-intense systems: chemically reacting gases (important in pre-chamber combustion) and freezing water sprays (important in snowmaking). The systems represent extreme differences in temperature, pressure and fluid phases. The focus of the case studies was on identifying key physical characteristics of the sprays and associated conditions and mechanisms controlling the spray features, with emphasis on characteristics important to the performance of each system. Interpretation of the results was aided by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and spray theory. For the pre-chamber combustion system, jet characteristics were evaluated using in-cylinder diagnostics in a direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine system. Pre-chambers with three different designs were tested and compared. Pressure, heat release rate, and high-speed combustion imaging were used to evaluate pre-chamber performance. The results showed that at stable conditions (moderate engine speeds and loads: 1000 and 1500 revolutions per minute (RPM), 3.2 bar and 5.4 bar net indicated mean effective pressure (nIMEP)), pre-chambers with symmetric orifices outperformed a conventional spark plug, and the different pre-chamber designs with symmetric orifices, different fuel injection pressures, and different engine speed-load conditions had little effect on the jet characteristics (within 15% of quantitative characteristics like flame area). However, at key low speed-load operating conditions (800 RPM and 1.5 bar nIMEP), the pre-chambers exhibited a stability threshold (based on standard deviation of nIMEP), below which performance decreased dramatically with significant misfire. Several misfire mitigation strategies were investigated and only enriching fuel (10% more fuel globally) improved engine stability with pre-chamber combustion. CFD modeling of the fuel injection and compression process up to the time of spark provided key insights on local stoichiometry and levels of dilution in the pre-chamber. Results from the CFD modeling and engine experiments showed excellent correlation between laminar flame speed and engine stability using the local gas compositions inside the pre-chamber near the spark electrode. This finding can potentially significantly reduce engine design optimization efforts. For the freezing water spray system, the effects of ambient temperature (13 to -15C), two nozzle designs (slot and swirl), the use of air assistance (internally mixed upstream of the nozzles), and the pressure of air used with air assistance (0 to 4.8 bar) on near-nozzle physical characteristics were evaluated using high-speed Mie-scattering images. Internal mixing of air with water changed the spray characteristics, increasing the cone angle of the sprays by 40 degrees, although the spray cone angle was insensitive to air pressure (1.7 to 4.8 bar). Lower ambient temperature increased the spray expansion and decreased the spray breakup length. Nozzle design also affected atomization. Existing spray models did not capture the experimental results. This study indicates the properties of the two spray fluids and ambient conditions are important to model freezing water sprays and significant additional development is required to capture the complex phenomena important to freezing water sprays. The current work provides new data and insight to advance spray theory and models, and in the future inform the next generation of improved freezing sprays.
- 일반주제명
- Mechanical engineering
- 일반주제명
- Engineering
- 일반주제명
- Fluid mechanics
- 키워드
- Misfire
- 키워드
- Image analysis
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Mechanical Engineering
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202105219
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798291566060
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32271789
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham006248
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a621
■1001 ▼aZhu, Chenyi.
■24510▼aFundamental Studies of Sprays in Energy-Intense Systems: Case Studies of Pre-Chamber Jet Combustion and Freezing Water Sprays
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a175 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Wooldridge, Margaret S.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
■520 ▼aImproving the understanding of spray phenomena can benefit design and implementation of many important engineering applications and aid in the interpretation of natural phenomena. Sprays are often challenging to investigate and model due to the complex physics and chemistry involved. The objective of this dissertation was to advance the fundamental understanding of sprays in two energy-intense systems: chemically reacting gases (important in pre-chamber combustion) and freezing water sprays (important in snowmaking). The systems represent extreme differences in temperature, pressure and fluid phases. The focus of the case studies was on identifying key physical characteristics of the sprays and associated conditions and mechanisms controlling the spray features, with emphasis on characteristics important to the performance of each system. Interpretation of the results was aided by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and spray theory. For the pre-chamber combustion system, jet characteristics were evaluated using in-cylinder diagnostics in a direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine system. Pre-chambers with three different designs were tested and compared. Pressure, heat release rate, and high-speed combustion imaging were used to evaluate pre-chamber performance. The results showed that at stable conditions (moderate engine speeds and loads: 1000 and 1500 revolutions per minute (RPM), 3.2 bar and 5.4 bar net indicated mean effective pressure (nIMEP)), pre-chambers with symmetric orifices outperformed a conventional spark plug, and the different pre-chamber designs with symmetric orifices, different fuel injection pressures, and different engine speed-load conditions had little effect on the jet characteristics (within 15% of quantitative characteristics like flame area). However, at key low speed-load operating conditions (800 RPM and 1.5 bar nIMEP), the pre-chambers exhibited a stability threshold (based on standard deviation of nIMEP), below which performance decreased dramatically with significant misfire. Several misfire mitigation strategies were investigated and only enriching fuel (10% more fuel globally) improved engine stability with pre-chamber combustion. CFD modeling of the fuel injection and compression process up to the time of spark provided key insights on local stoichiometry and levels of dilution in the pre-chamber. Results from the CFD modeling and engine experiments showed excellent correlation between laminar flame speed and engine stability using the local gas compositions inside the pre-chamber near the spark electrode. This finding can potentially significantly reduce engine design optimization efforts. For the freezing water spray system, the effects of ambient temperature (13 to -15C), two nozzle designs (slot and swirl), the use of air assistance (internally mixed upstream of the nozzles), and the pressure of air used with air assistance (0 to 4.8 bar) on near-nozzle physical characteristics were evaluated using high-speed Mie-scattering images. Internal mixing of air with water changed the spray characteristics, increasing the cone angle of the sprays by 40 degrees, although the spray cone angle was insensitive to air pressure (1.7 to 4.8 bar). Lower ambient temperature increased the spray expansion and decreased the spray breakup length. Nozzle design also affected atomization. Existing spray models did not capture the experimental results. This study indicates the properties of the two spray fluids and ambient conditions are important to model freezing water sprays and significant additional development is required to capture the complex phenomena important to freezing water sprays. The current work provides new data and insight to advance spray theory and models, and in the future inform the next generation of improved freezing sprays.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aMechanical engineering
■650 4▼aEngineering
■650 4▼aFluid mechanics
■653 ▼aPre-chamber combustion
■653 ▼aMisfire
■653 ▼aComputational fluid dynamics
■653 ▼aFreezing water sprays
■653 ▼aHigh-speed imaging
■653 ▼aImage analysis
■690 ▼a0548
■690 ▼a0537
■690 ▼a0204
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bMechanical Engineering.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-03B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359819▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


