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Statistical Inference for Spatial Transcriptomics in the Age of Deep Learning
Statistical Inference for Spatial Transcriptomics in the Age of Deep Learning
Statistical Inference for Spatial Transcriptomics in the Age of Deep Learning

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105220
ISBN  
9798291566138
DDC  
574
저자명  
Kouznetsov, Roman.
서명/저자  
Statistical Inference for Spatial Transcriptomics in the Age of Deep Learning
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
159 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Regier, Jeffrey.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Single-cell spatial transcriptomics enables the measurement of gene expression of individual cells while simultaneously capturing the spatial positions of these cells within a tissue sample. To utilize these spatial positions effectively, careful model selection is required to ensure conclusions reflect spatial dependencies in the underlying biology. In this dissertation, we contribute three novel methodologies that merge deep learning with statistical inference for spatial transcriptomics data. First, we attempt to better predict gene expression by leveraging the spatial context included in spatial transcriptomics data. Comparing predictions from a spatial model to those from a baseline regressor without cell neighborhood information offers insights into how expression changes as a result of cell-cell communication (CCC) signals. However, to trust conclusions reached from such a paired modeling framework, we need to ensure that the baseline version of a model provides a valid non-spatial reference point. To this end, we develop a graph convolutional network (GCN) that uses graphs defined by cellular positions to predict gene expression. By encoding tissue samples as a graph, in which nodes represent cells and edges indicate spatial proximity between cells, we can leverage the full spatial layout and gene expression profile of the tissue. We find a marked performance gap between spatially aware and spatially ignorant models, highlighting the GCN's ability to model spatial effects in both real and semi-synthetic settings. These results underscore the importance of model structure in spatial inference because a spatially ignorant version of GCNs can make better predictions than spatially aware versions of previous methods.Second, we study a clustering task for spatial transcriptomics data through a Bayesian framework. A central challenge in spatial transcriptomics is to identify distinct cell communities that not only reflect transcriptional heterogeneity but also preserve spatial coherence across tissue. These clusters often represent biological components such as cortical layers, tissue micro-environments, or pathological regions, whose spatial organization is critical for interpreting tissue structure and function. However, spatial transcriptomics data are collected at varying resolutions; as such, any spatial unit indexed by the data may contain multiple communities of varying memberships. Many exact Bayesian approaches model hard cluster assignments in their models, which limits their adaptability to datasets of varying resolutions. To address this limitation, we introduce a stochastic variational inference (SVI) method designed to learn posterior spot cluster distributions that are both spatially coherent and biologically interpretable. Our approach enhances clustering accuracy by incorporating spatial relationships through carefully designed prior distributions, allowing it to balance the trade-off between smoothness and expression differences. Furthermore, the method is scalable and effective across data resolutions. As spot data scales polynomially with finer resolution, SVI becomes a more favorable approach. It is more computationally efficient than previous methods that rely on posterior sampling techniques, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which can be prohibitively expensive to retrain. This method groups tissues into more contiguous regions compared to previous methods while preserving expression heterogeneity consistent with earlier studies, offering a competitive alternative to existing approaches.Third, to expand the work of Bayesian clustering with SVI, we leverage normalizing flows as the approximate posterior distributions for variational inference. Normalizing flows transform simple base distributions (e.g., Gaussian) into more expressive ones by stacking L invertible transformations based on the change-of-variables formula. By using normalizing flows instead of standard choices like a mean-field or full-covariance Gaussian as the approximate posterior, we can model more flexible, multi-modal posteriors over soft cluster assignments in a way that simpler variational families cannot express. We demonstrate that the posteriors learned by these normalizing flows accurately recover cluster membership compositions, guided by prior distributions that encode spatial dependencies.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Statistics
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
키워드  
Spatial transcriptomics
키워드  
Graph convolutional network
키워드  
Pathological regions
키워드  
Stochastic variational inference
키워드  
Bayesian clustering
기타저자  
University of Michigan Statistics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aKouznetsov,  Roman.
■24510▼aStatistical  Inference  for  Spatial  Transcriptomics  in  the  Age  of  Deep  Learning
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a159  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Regier,  Jeffrey.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aSingle-cell  spatial  transcriptomics  enables  the  measurement  of  gene  expression  of  individual  cells  while  simultaneously  capturing  the  spatial  positions  of  these  cells  within  a  tissue  sample.  To  utilize  these  spatial  positions  effectively,  careful  model  selection  is  required  to  ensure  conclusions  reflect  spatial  dependencies  in  the  underlying  biology.  In  this  dissertation,  we  contribute  three  novel  methodologies  that  merge  deep  learning  with  statistical  inference  for  spatial  transcriptomics  data. First,  we  attempt  to  better  predict  gene  expression  by  leveraging  the  spatial  context  included  in  spatial  transcriptomics  data.  Comparing  predictions  from  a  spatial  model  to  those  from  a  baseline  regressor  without  cell  neighborhood  information  offers  insights  into  how  expression  changes  as  a  result  of  cell-cell  communication  (CCC)  signals.  However,  to  trust  conclusions  reached  from  such  a  paired  modeling  framework,  we  need  to  ensure  that  the  baseline  version  of  a  model  provides  a  valid  non-spatial  reference  point.  To  this  end,  we  develop  a  graph  convolutional  network  (GCN)  that  uses  graphs  defined  by  cellular  positions  to  predict  gene  expression.  By  encoding  tissue  samples  as  a  graph,  in  which  nodes  represent  cells  and  edges  indicate  spatial  proximity  between  cells,  we  can  leverage  the  full  spatial  layout  and  gene  expression  profile  of  the  tissue.  We  find  a  marked  performance  gap  between  spatially  aware  and  spatially  ignorant  models,  highlighting  the  GCN's  ability  to  model  spatial  effects  in  both  real  and  semi-synthetic  settings.  These  results  underscore  the  importance  of  model  structure  in  spatial  inference  because  a  spatially  ignorant  version  of  GCNs  can  make  better  predictions  than  spatially  aware  versions  of  previous  methods.Second,  we  study  a  clustering  task  for  spatial  transcriptomics  data  through  a  Bayesian  framework.  A  central  challenge  in  spatial  transcriptomics  is  to  identify  distinct  cell  communities  that  not  only  reflect  transcriptional  heterogeneity  but  also  preserve  spatial  coherence  across  tissue.  These  clusters  often  represent  biological  components  such  as  cortical  layers,  tissue  micro-environments,  or  pathological  regions,  whose  spatial  organization  is  critical  for  interpreting  tissue  structure  and  function.  However,  spatial  transcriptomics  data  are  collected  at  varying  resolutions;  as  such,  any  spatial  unit  indexed  by  the  data  may  contain  multiple  communities  of  varying  memberships.  Many  exact  Bayesian  approaches  model  hard  cluster  assignments  in  their  models,  which  limits  their  adaptability  to  datasets  of  varying  resolutions.  To  address  this  limitation,  we  introduce  a  stochastic  variational  inference  (SVI)  method  designed  to  learn  posterior  spot  cluster  distributions  that  are  both  spatially  coherent  and  biologically  interpretable.  Our  approach  enhances  clustering  accuracy  by  incorporating  spatial  relationships  through  carefully  designed  prior  distributions,  allowing  it  to  balance  the  trade-off  between  smoothness  and  expression  differences.  Furthermore,  the  method  is  scalable  and  effective  across  data  resolutions.  As  spot  data  scales  polynomially  with  finer  resolution,  SVI  becomes  a  more  favorable  approach.  It  is  more  computationally  efficient  than  previous  methods  that  rely  on  posterior  sampling  techniques,  such  as  Markov  Chain  Monte  Carlo  (MCMC),  which  can  be  prohibitively  expensive  to  retrain.  This  method  groups  tissues  into  more  contiguous  regions  compared  to  previous  methods  while  preserving  expression  heterogeneity  consistent  with  earlier  studies,  offering  a  competitive  alternative  to  existing  approaches.Third,  to  expand  the  work  of  Bayesian  clustering  with  SVI,  we  leverage  normalizing  flows  as  the  approximate  posterior  distributions  for  variational  inference.  Normalizing  flows  transform  simple  base  distributions  (e.g.,  Gaussian)  into  more  expressive  ones  by  stacking  L  invertible  transformations  based  on  the  change-of-variables  formula.  By  using  normalizing  flows  instead  of  standard  choices  like  a  mean-field  or  full-covariance  Gaussian  as  the  approximate  posterior,  we  can  model  more  flexible,  multi-modal  posteriors  over  soft  cluster  assignments  in  a  way  that  simpler  variational  families  cannot  express.  We  demonstrate  that  the  posteriors  learned  by  these  normalizing  flows  accurately  recover  cluster  membership  compositions,  guided  by  prior  distributions  that  encode  spatial  dependencies.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aStatistics
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■653    ▼aSpatial  transcriptomics
■653    ▼aGraph  convolutional  network
■653    ▼aPathological  regions
■653    ▼aStochastic  variational  inference
■653    ▼aBayesian  clustering
■690    ▼a0463
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0715
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bStatistics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359823▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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