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Aging and Health in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Exploring Population Characteristics and the Microbiome
Aging and Health in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Exploring Population Characteristics and t...
Aging and Health in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Exploring Population Characteristics and the Microbiome

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105220
ISBN  
9798291566183
DDC  
614
저자명  
Byrd, Morgan C.
서명/저자  
Aging and Health in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Exploring Population Characteristics and the Microbiome
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
140 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Foxman, Betsy.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약As the population ages and Medicare policies evolve to reduce healthcare costs, the demand for short-term, subacute care, particularly skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), continues to grow. The SNF population is uniquely vulnerable, with high prevalence of frailty, new functional disabilities, frequent antibiotic use, and need for post-hospitalization care. This dissertation spans multiple dimensions of health among older adults recovering at a single SNF and highlights opportunities to improve care planning, reduce hospital readmissions, and enhance health outcomes. Chapters 2-4 consist of three unique manuscripts. In Chapter 2, I examine population characteristics and identify predictors of length of stay (LOS) among 313 SNF residents in the Tracking Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults (TARI), a prospective cohort study. Upon SNF entry, 23% reported one or more respiratory symptoms, but prevalence declined over time. Although most residents had visitors, movement within the facility was nearly limited to the rehabilitation center. Dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) was associated with a 63% increase in predicted LOS, corresponding to an 8.6-day longer median stay. The presence of a surgical drain or vascular access device was associated with a 37% increase in predicted LOS, or 5.2-day longer median stay. In contrast, older age (80+) was associated with a 22% decrease in predicted LOS, corresponding to a 3.0-day shorter median stay, while having heart disease was associated with a 28% decrease or 3.8-day shorter median stay. These findings introduce a new hypothesis into the literature, a potential "healthy-elder" bias where older adults who utilize SNF care may represent a healthier subset with higher baseline health, potentially influencing how we understand recovery trajectories. In Chapter 3, I examine the association between self-assessed oral health (OH) and frailty in the TARI cohort and assess how previously identified risk factors modify this association. After adjusting for age, chronic respiratory disease, ADL status, and antidepressant usage, the odds of frailty were 2.45 times greater among those with poor OH compared to those with good OH (95% CI: 1.42-4.29). Further, after adjusting for poor OH and other risk factors, being less than 70 years old, having chronic respiratory disease, ADL dependent, or using antidepressants were each independently associated with frailty. Given limited access to dental care in SNFs, this simple, non-invasive tool for measuring oral health could be integrated into routine care and inform individualized care plans. In Chapter 4, I use 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of bacterial DNA to evaluate the short-term dynamics of the nose/throat microbiome among the TARI cohort and identify differences in microbiome composition and function by common health characteristics: frailty, devices, and antibiotic use. Microbiome composition and diversity was relatively stable but participants with a device or taking antibiotics had distinct microbial profiles that remained stable within these subsets. I identified biochemical pathways associated with these health characteristics and found depletion of the denitrification, polyamine synthesis, and sulfate-cysteine biosynthesis pathways - important in biofilm formation, immune response, cardiovascular health, oxidative stress regulation, and metabolism. These findings highlight the importance of microbiome resilience in recovery. In the final chapter, I discuss the public health significance of my findings and future research directions. Together, my findings inform strategies to improve quality of care, reduce hospital readmissions, and lower costs associated with post-acute care. The dissertation concludes with a personal reflection on lessons learned throughout my doctoral degree.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Aging
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Nursing
키워드  
Health outcomes
키워드  
Length of stay
키워드  
Oral health
키워드  
Microbiome resilience
키워드  
Oxidative stress
기타저자  
University of Michigan Epidemiological Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aByrd,  Morgan  C.
■24510▼aAging  and  Health  in  Skilled  Nursing  Facilities:  Exploring  Population  Characteristics  and  the  Microbiome
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a140  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Foxman,  Betsy.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aAs  the  population  ages  and  Medicare  policies  evolve  to  reduce  healthcare  costs,  the  demand  for  short-term,  subacute  care,  particularly  skilled  nursing  facilities  (SNFs),  continues  to  grow.  The  SNF  population  is  uniquely  vulnerable,  with  high  prevalence  of  frailty,  new  functional  disabilities,  frequent  antibiotic  use,  and  need  for  post-hospitalization  care.  This  dissertation  spans  multiple  dimensions  of  health  among  older  adults  recovering  at  a  single  SNF  and  highlights  opportunities  to  improve  care  planning,  reduce  hospital  readmissions,  and  enhance  health  outcomes.              Chapters  2-4  consist  of  three  unique  manuscripts.  In  Chapter  2,  I  examine  population  characteristics  and  identify  predictors  of  length  of  stay  (LOS)  among  313  SNF  residents  in  the  Tracking  Acute  Respiratory  Illness  in  Older  Adults  (TARI),  a  prospective  cohort  study.  Upon  SNF  entry,  23%  reported  one  or  more  respiratory  symptoms,  but  prevalence  declined  over  time.  Although  most  residents  had  visitors,  movement  within  the  facility  was  nearly  limited  to  the  rehabilitation  center.  Dependence  in  activities  of  daily  living  (ADL)  was  associated  with  a  63%  increase  in  predicted  LOS,  corresponding  to  an  8.6-day  longer  median  stay.  The  presence  of  a  surgical  drain  or  vascular  access  device  was  associated  with  a  37%  increase  in  predicted  LOS,  or  5.2-day  longer  median  stay.  In  contrast,  older  age  (80+)  was  associated  with  a  22%  decrease  in  predicted  LOS,  corresponding  to  a  3.0-day  shorter  median  stay,  while  having  heart  disease  was  associated  with  a  28%  decrease  or  3.8-day  shorter  median  stay.  These  findings  introduce  a  new  hypothesis  into  the  literature,  a  potential  "healthy-elder"  bias  where  older  adults  who  utilize  SNF  care  may  represent  a  healthier  subset  with  higher  baseline  health,  potentially  influencing  how  we  understand  recovery  trajectories.            In  Chapter  3,  I  examine  the  association  between  self-assessed  oral  health  (OH)  and  frailty  in  the  TARI  cohort  and  assess  how  previously  identified  risk  factors  modify  this  association.  After  adjusting  for  age,  chronic  respiratory  disease,  ADL  status,  and  antidepressant  usage,  the  odds  of  frailty  were  2.45  times  greater  among  those  with  poor  OH  compared  to  those  with  good  OH  (95%  CI:  1.42-4.29).  Further,  after  adjusting  for  poor  OH  and  other  risk  factors,  being  less  than  70  years  old,  having  chronic  respiratory  disease,  ADL  dependent,  or  using  antidepressants  were  each  independently  associated  with  frailty.  Given  limited  access  to  dental  care  in  SNFs,  this  simple,  non-invasive  tool  for  measuring  oral  health  could  be  integrated  into  routine  care  and  inform  individualized  care  plans.            In  Chapter  4,  I  use  16S  rRNA  amplicon  sequencing  of  bacterial  DNA  to  evaluate  the  short-term  dynamics  of  the  nose/throat  microbiome  among  the  TARI  cohort  and  identify  differences  in  microbiome  composition  and  function  by  common  health  characteristics:  frailty,  devices,  and  antibiotic  use.  Microbiome  composition  and  diversity  was  relatively  stable  but  participants  with  a  device  or  taking  antibiotics  had  distinct  microbial  profiles  that  remained  stable  within  these  subsets.  I  identified  biochemical  pathways  associated  with  these  health  characteristics  and  found  depletion  of  the  denitrification,  polyamine  synthesis,  and  sulfate-cysteine  biosynthesis  pathways  -  important  in  biofilm  formation,  immune  response,  cardiovascular  health,  oxidative  stress  regulation,  and  metabolism.  These  findings  highlight  the  importance  of  microbiome  resilience  in  recovery.            In  the  final  chapter,  I  discuss  the  public  health  significance  of  my  findings  and  future  research  directions.  Together,  my  findings  inform  strategies  to  improve  quality  of  care,  reduce  hospital  readmissions,  and  lower  costs  associated  with  post-acute  care.  The  dissertation  concludes  with  a  personal  reflection  on  lessons  learned  throughout  my  doctoral  degree.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aAging
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aNursing
■653    ▼aHealth  outcomes
■653    ▼aLength  of  stay
■653    ▼aOral  health
■653    ▼aMicrobiome  resilience
■653    ▼aOxidative  stress
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0493
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0569
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bEpidemiological  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359828▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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