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Risk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Safety Study
Risk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Co...
Risk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Safety Study

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104707
ISBN  
9798291580257
DDC  
615
저자명  
Ismail, Wesam Walid.
서명/저자  
Risk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Safety Study
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Iowa, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
173 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Goedken, Amber.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Iowa, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Background: Induction therapy is an intensive, short-term therapy that is administered at the time of transplantation to prevent rejection and the loss of the transplanted organ. Post-transplant infections are the main cause of hospitalization and death in pediatric kidney transplant patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and urinary tract infections are among the most common infections occurring within the first year after discharge in this population. However, infection risks associated with different induction types remain poorly characterized in pediatric kidney transplant literature. This study aimed to describe infection patterns, examine associations between induction regimens and infection risk, and assess time to first infection within the first year following pediatric kidney transplantation.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational, active-comparator, new-user cohort study design. The United States Renal Disease System (USRDS) dataset was used to identify patients aged 18 years at first kidney transplantation between 2007 and 2019. Patients were classified into four exposure groups based on induction type: basiliximab, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), alemtuzumab, and no induction. Infections were identified using Medicare claims with appropriate ICD-9/10 diagnostic codes. Descriptive statistics utilized ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Inverse probability of treatment weighting balanced measured baseline characteristics across groups. Each infection type was analyzed using multivariable generalized linear models and random-effects Cox regression models. Associations between induction type and infection risk were assessed using odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals.Results: We identified 1,501 pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 43% were female. Around 43.3% of patients received ATG and 33.6% received basiliximab. The most frequent infection was UTI (22%), followed by CMV (7.1%) and EBV (5.1%) infections. Compared to basiliximab, alemtuzumab was associated with significantly lower risk of EBV infection (adjusted OR=0.38 [95% CI: 0.15-0.92], adjusted HR=0.32 [95% CI: 0.11-0.97]). Patients receiving no induction therapy had higher odds of UTI compared to those receiving basiliximab (adjusted OR=1.54 [95% CI: 1.06-2.25]). Antiviral and antibacterial prophylaxis therapies independently reduced the risk of viral and bacterial infections, respectively. Recipient age, recipient sex, steroid use, and viral serostatus were among the clinical factors that influenced the risk of infections.Conclusion: In this study, alemtuzumab induction was associated with a reduced risk of EBV infection compared to basiliximab induction in pediatric kidney transplant patients. This finding may inform induction therapy selection for patients at high risk of EBV infection. Additionally, our results support the use of antiviral prophylaxis in preventing both CMV and EBV infections.
일반주제명  
Pharmaceutical sciences
일반주제명  
Pharmacology
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Pediatrics
키워드  
Comparative safety
키워드  
Induction therapy
키워드  
Pediatric kidney transplant
키워드  
Pharmacoepidemiology
키워드  
Post-transplant infections
키워드  
Real-world evidence
기타저자  
The University of Iowa Pharmacy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

 008260126s2025        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017358475
■00520260202104707
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798291580257
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32117561
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a615
■1001  ▼aIsmail,  Wesam  Walid.
■24510▼aRisk  of  Infections  With  Induction  Therapy  Among  Pediatric  Kidney  Transplant  Patients:  A  Comparative  Safety  Study
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Iowa▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a173  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Goedken,  Amber.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Iowa,  2025.
■520    ▼aBackground:  Induction  therapy  is  an  intensive,  short-term  therapy  that  is  administered  at  the  time  of  transplantation  to  prevent  rejection  and  the  loss  of  the  transplanted  organ.  Post-transplant  infections  are  the  main  cause  of  hospitalization  and  death  in  pediatric  kidney  transplant  patients.  Cytomegalovirus  (CMV),  Epstein-Barr  Virus  (EBV),  and  urinary  tract  infections  are  among  the  most  common  infections  occurring  within  the  first  year  after  discharge  in  this  population.  However,  infection  risks  associated  with  different  induction  types  remain  poorly  characterized  in  pediatric  kidney  transplant  literature.  This  study  aimed  to  describe  infection  patterns,  examine  associations  between  induction  regimens  and  infection  risk,  and  assess  time  to  first  infection  within  the  first  year  following  pediatric  kidney  transplantation.Methods:  We  conducted  a  retrospective  observational,  active-comparator,  new-user  cohort  study  design.  The  United  States  Renal  Disease  System  (USRDS)  dataset  was  used  to  identify  patients  aged  18  years  at  first  kidney  transplantation  between  2007  and  2019.  Patients  were  classified  into  four  exposure  groups  based  on  induction  type:  basiliximab,  antithymocyte  globulin  (ATG),  alemtuzumab,  and  no  induction.  Infections  were  identified  using  Medicare  claims  with  appropriate  ICD-9/10  diagnostic  codes.  Descriptive  statistics  utilized  ANOVA  and  Chi-square  tests.  Inverse  probability  of  treatment  weighting  balanced  measured  baseline  characteristics  across  groups.  Each  infection  type  was  analyzed  using  multivariable  generalized  linear  models  and  random-effects  Cox  regression  models.  Associations  between  induction  type  and  infection  risk  were  assessed  using  odds  ratios  (OR)  and  hazard  ratios  (HR)  with  95%  confidence  intervals.Results:  We  identified  1,501  pediatric  patients  who  met  the  inclusion  criteria.  Of  these,  43%  were  female.  Around  43.3%  of  patients  received  ATG  and  33.6%  received  basiliximab.  The  most  frequent  infection  was  UTI  (22%),  followed  by  CMV  (7.1%)  and  EBV  (5.1%)  infections.  Compared  to  basiliximab,  alemtuzumab  was  associated  with  significantly  lower  risk  of  EBV  infection  (adjusted  OR=0.38  [95%  CI:  0.15-0.92],  adjusted  HR=0.32  [95%  CI:  0.11-0.97]).  Patients  receiving  no  induction  therapy  had  higher  odds  of  UTI  compared  to  those  receiving  basiliximab  (adjusted  OR=1.54  [95%  CI:  1.06-2.25]).  Antiviral  and  antibacterial  prophylaxis  therapies  independently  reduced  the  risk  of  viral  and  bacterial  infections,  respectively.  Recipient  age,  recipient  sex,  steroid  use,  and  viral  serostatus  were  among  the  clinical  factors  that  influenced  the  risk  of  infections.Conclusion:  In  this  study,  alemtuzumab  induction  was  associated  with  a  reduced  risk  of  EBV  infection  compared  to  basiliximab  induction  in  pediatric  kidney  transplant  patients.  This  finding  may  inform  induction  therapy  selection  for  patients  at  high  risk  of  EBV  infection.  Additionally,  our  results  support  the  use  of  antiviral  prophylaxis  in  preventing  both  CMV  and  EBV  infections.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0096.
■650  4▼aPharmaceutical  sciences
■650  4▼aPharmacology
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aPediatrics
■653    ▼aComparative  safety
■653    ▼aInduction  therapy
■653    ▼aPediatric  kidney  transplant
■653    ▼aPharmacoepidemiology
■653    ▼aPost-transplant  infections
■653    ▼aReal-world  evidence
■690    ▼a0572
■690    ▼a0564
■690    ▼a0767
■690    ▼a0419
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Iowa▼bPharmacy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0096
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358475▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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