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Risk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Safety Study
Risk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Safety Study
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104707
- ISBN
- 9798291580257
- DDC
- 615
- 서명/저자
- Risk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Safety Study
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The University of Iowa, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 173 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Goedken, Amber.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Iowa, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Background: Induction therapy is an intensive, short-term therapy that is administered at the time of transplantation to prevent rejection and the loss of the transplanted organ. Post-transplant infections are the main cause of hospitalization and death in pediatric kidney transplant patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and urinary tract infections are among the most common infections occurring within the first year after discharge in this population. However, infection risks associated with different induction types remain poorly characterized in pediatric kidney transplant literature. This study aimed to describe infection patterns, examine associations between induction regimens and infection risk, and assess time to first infection within the first year following pediatric kidney transplantation.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational, active-comparator, new-user cohort study design. The United States Renal Disease System (USRDS) dataset was used to identify patients aged 18 years at first kidney transplantation between 2007 and 2019. Patients were classified into four exposure groups based on induction type: basiliximab, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), alemtuzumab, and no induction. Infections were identified using Medicare claims with appropriate ICD-9/10 diagnostic codes. Descriptive statistics utilized ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Inverse probability of treatment weighting balanced measured baseline characteristics across groups. Each infection type was analyzed using multivariable generalized linear models and random-effects Cox regression models. Associations between induction type and infection risk were assessed using odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals.Results: We identified 1,501 pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 43% were female. Around 43.3% of patients received ATG and 33.6% received basiliximab. The most frequent infection was UTI (22%), followed by CMV (7.1%) and EBV (5.1%) infections. Compared to basiliximab, alemtuzumab was associated with significantly lower risk of EBV infection (adjusted OR=0.38 [95% CI: 0.15-0.92], adjusted HR=0.32 [95% CI: 0.11-0.97]). Patients receiving no induction therapy had higher odds of UTI compared to those receiving basiliximab (adjusted OR=1.54 [95% CI: 1.06-2.25]). Antiviral and antibacterial prophylaxis therapies independently reduced the risk of viral and bacterial infections, respectively. Recipient age, recipient sex, steroid use, and viral serostatus were among the clinical factors that influenced the risk of infections.Conclusion: In this study, alemtuzumab induction was associated with a reduced risk of EBV infection compared to basiliximab induction in pediatric kidney transplant patients. This finding may inform induction therapy selection for patients at high risk of EBV infection. Additionally, our results support the use of antiviral prophylaxis in preventing both CMV and EBV infections.
- 일반주제명
- Pharmaceutical sciences
- 일반주제명
- Pharmacology
- 일반주제명
- Medicine
- 일반주제명
- Pediatrics
- 기타저자
- The University of Iowa Pharmacy
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202104707
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798291580257
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32117561
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a615
■1001 ▼aIsmail, Wesam Walid.
■24510▼aRisk of Infections With Induction Therapy Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: A Comparative Safety Study
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe University of Iowa▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a173 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Goedken, Amber.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Iowa, 2025.
■520 ▼aBackground: Induction therapy is an intensive, short-term therapy that is administered at the time of transplantation to prevent rejection and the loss of the transplanted organ. Post-transplant infections are the main cause of hospitalization and death in pediatric kidney transplant patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and urinary tract infections are among the most common infections occurring within the first year after discharge in this population. However, infection risks associated with different induction types remain poorly characterized in pediatric kidney transplant literature. This study aimed to describe infection patterns, examine associations between induction regimens and infection risk, and assess time to first infection within the first year following pediatric kidney transplantation.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational, active-comparator, new-user cohort study design. The United States Renal Disease System (USRDS) dataset was used to identify patients aged 18 years at first kidney transplantation between 2007 and 2019. Patients were classified into four exposure groups based on induction type: basiliximab, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), alemtuzumab, and no induction. Infections were identified using Medicare claims with appropriate ICD-9/10 diagnostic codes. Descriptive statistics utilized ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Inverse probability of treatment weighting balanced measured baseline characteristics across groups. Each infection type was analyzed using multivariable generalized linear models and random-effects Cox regression models. Associations between induction type and infection risk were assessed using odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals.Results: We identified 1,501 pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 43% were female. Around 43.3% of patients received ATG and 33.6% received basiliximab. The most frequent infection was UTI (22%), followed by CMV (7.1%) and EBV (5.1%) infections. Compared to basiliximab, alemtuzumab was associated with significantly lower risk of EBV infection (adjusted OR=0.38 [95% CI: 0.15-0.92], adjusted HR=0.32 [95% CI: 0.11-0.97]). Patients receiving no induction therapy had higher odds of UTI compared to those receiving basiliximab (adjusted OR=1.54 [95% CI: 1.06-2.25]). Antiviral and antibacterial prophylaxis therapies independently reduced the risk of viral and bacterial infections, respectively. Recipient age, recipient sex, steroid use, and viral serostatus were among the clinical factors that influenced the risk of infections.Conclusion: In this study, alemtuzumab induction was associated with a reduced risk of EBV infection compared to basiliximab induction in pediatric kidney transplant patients. This finding may inform induction therapy selection for patients at high risk of EBV infection. Additionally, our results support the use of antiviral prophylaxis in preventing both CMV and EBV infections.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0096.
■650 4▼aPharmaceutical sciences
■650 4▼aPharmacology
■650 4▼aMedicine
■650 4▼aPediatrics
■653 ▼aComparative safety
■653 ▼aInduction therapy
■653 ▼aPediatric kidney transplant
■653 ▼aPharmacoepidemiology
■653 ▼aPost-transplant infections
■653 ▼aReal-world evidence
■690 ▼a0572
■690 ▼a0564
■690 ▼a0767
■690 ▼a0419
■71020▼aThe University of Iowa▼bPharmacy.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0096
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358475▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


