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Model Informed Clinical Care in Surgical and Critically Ill Patients
Model Informed Clinical Care in Surgical and Critically Ill Patients
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104714
- ISBN
- 9798291583173
- DDC
- 615
- 저자명
- Reeder, Joshua.
- 서명/저자
- Model Informed Clinical Care in Surgical and Critically Ill Patients
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The University of Iowa, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 250 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Donovan, Maureen.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Iowa, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, particularly among those undergoing surgery or admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Surgical site infections (SSIs) and infections in critically ill patients-including hospital-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, and bloodstream infections-require effective antibiotic strategies to reduce risk and improve outcomes. Despite widespread use of antibiotics such as cefazolin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam, optimal dosing and redosing strategies remain inadequately defined. All three agents are β-lactam antibiotics characterized by short half-lives (~1-2 hours) and predominant renal clearance. These features necessitate precise redosing to maintain effective drug levels, yet current guidelines often fail to account for individual patient variability. This project utilizes pharmacometric modeling to address these gaps and develop optimized, evidence-based dosing strategies for surgical and critically ill populations.The primary goal of this study is to use population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling and probability of target attainment (PTA) simulations to characterize antibiotic disposition and refine redosing strategies. This approach supports model-informed clinical care (MICC), where predictive modeling guides individualized treatment. MICC enhances precision, reduces risks of under- or overdosing, and supports antimicrobial stewardship.In surgical patients, prophylactic antibiotics are administered to prevent SSIs, with cefazolin and ampicillin-sulbactam commonly used. Cefazolin is dosed every 4 hours and ampicillin-sulbactam every 2 hours during surgery, according to ASHP guidelines. However, compliance with these redosing intervals is poor, particularly for ampicillin-sulbactam, where up to 75% of cases involving multiple redoses fall short of guideline adherence. This is often due to uncertainty about the clinical need for frequent redosing and concerns over renal toxicity. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam remain understudied compared to cefazolin.This study addresses these issues by first developing validated LC-MS/MS assays to quantify total and free plasma concentrations of cefazolin, ampicillin, and sulbactam. Separate PopPK models were then developed for each drug, incorporating renal function and other patient-specific covariates. Cefazolin's nonlinear protein binding-where the unbound fraction increases with total concentration-was explicitly modeled to assess its impact on free drug levels. Simulations were conducted across a range of surgery durations, renal function categories, and redosing intervals to evaluate PTA. The PK/PD targets for optimal prophylaxis were set at 65% fTMIC for cefazolin and 50% fTMIC for ampicillin. PTA heatmaps were used to visualize the likelihood of achieving these targets across dosing strategies, supporting patient-specific redosing recommendations.In critically ill patients, piperacillin-tazobactam is widely used for empiric therapy. However, pathophysiological changes in this population-such as augmented renal clearance (ARC), capillary leakage, fluid resuscitation, and multisystem organ failure (MSOF)-significantly alter drug disposition. Standard dosing (4.5 g every 6 hours via 30-minute infusion) may not provide adequate exposure, particularly in patients with ARC or those undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).To evaluate and optimize empiric dosing in this group, a prospective pharmacokinetic study was conducted using opportunistic sampling. PopPK models were developed for both piperacillin and tazobactam, incorporating renal function (including CRRT status) and weight. PTA simulations were conducted for both standard and alternative dosing regimens (e.g., extended or continuous infusion) to assess achievement of 50% and 100% fTMIC. Heatmaps stratified by renal function highlighted dosing strategies that consistently met pharmacodynamic targets. The goal was to establish an empiric dosing strategy that could be initiated upon ICU admission and refined once pathogen identification and susceptibility data become available.The project's significance lies in its rigorous evaluation of how short drug half-life and renal clearance impact dosing requirements in two vulnerable populations. Without redosing, drug concentrations fall below therapeutic thresholds, increasing the risk of infection, resistance, and poor outcomes. These risks are amplified in settings of fluctuating renal function and altered volume of distribution. By modeling total and free drug concentrations and assessing PTA, this study provides a data-driven framework for dosing that accounts for patient variability.Additionally, this work offers clinical utility through the integration of model-informed precision dosing into routine care. MICC frameworks developed here allow clinicians to stratify patients by renal function or procedure duration and apply simulations to guide redosing frequency. In surgical patients, this addresses a key question: Are current ASHP guidelines sufficient across all patient scenarios? For ICU patients, the study answers whether a universal empiric regimen can reliably cover patients with varying clearance patterns until individualized therapy can be initiated.In conclusion, this project demonstrates that PopPK modeling, combined with PTA simulations and visualization tools such as heatmaps, enables robust, individualized dosing strategies for surgical and critically ill patients. It validates the role of MICC in improving antibiotic therapy by tailoring regimens to patient-specific characteristics and clinical settings. These findings support future refinement of clinical practice guidelines and inform the development of precision-based dosing strategies for other time-dependent antibiotics.
- 일반주제명
- Pharmaceutical sciences
- 일반주제명
- Pharmacology
- 기타저자
- The University of Iowa Pharmacology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798291583173
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32119585
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a615
■1001 ▼aReeder, Joshua.
■24510▼aModel Informed Clinical Care in Surgical and Critically Ill Patients
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe University of Iowa▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a250 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Donovan, Maureen.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Iowa, 2025.
■520 ▼aHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, particularly among those undergoing surgery or admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Surgical site infections (SSIs) and infections in critically ill patients-including hospital-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, and bloodstream infections-require effective antibiotic strategies to reduce risk and improve outcomes. Despite widespread use of antibiotics such as cefazolin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam, optimal dosing and redosing strategies remain inadequately defined. All three agents are β-lactam antibiotics characterized by short half-lives (~1-2 hours) and predominant renal clearance. These features necessitate precise redosing to maintain effective drug levels, yet current guidelines often fail to account for individual patient variability. This project utilizes pharmacometric modeling to address these gaps and develop optimized, evidence-based dosing strategies for surgical and critically ill populations.The primary goal of this study is to use population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling and probability of target attainment (PTA) simulations to characterize antibiotic disposition and refine redosing strategies. This approach supports model-informed clinical care (MICC), where predictive modeling guides individualized treatment. MICC enhances precision, reduces risks of under- or overdosing, and supports antimicrobial stewardship.In surgical patients, prophylactic antibiotics are administered to prevent SSIs, with cefazolin and ampicillin-sulbactam commonly used. Cefazolin is dosed every 4 hours and ampicillin-sulbactam every 2 hours during surgery, according to ASHP guidelines. However, compliance with these redosing intervals is poor, particularly for ampicillin-sulbactam, where up to 75% of cases involving multiple redoses fall short of guideline adherence. This is often due to uncertainty about the clinical need for frequent redosing and concerns over renal toxicity. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam remain understudied compared to cefazolin.This study addresses these issues by first developing validated LC-MS/MS assays to quantify total and free plasma concentrations of cefazolin, ampicillin, and sulbactam. Separate PopPK models were then developed for each drug, incorporating renal function and other patient-specific covariates. Cefazolin's nonlinear protein binding-where the unbound fraction increases with total concentration-was explicitly modeled to assess its impact on free drug levels. Simulations were conducted across a range of surgery durations, renal function categories, and redosing intervals to evaluate PTA. The PK/PD targets for optimal prophylaxis were set at 65% fTMIC for cefazolin and 50% fTMIC for ampicillin. PTA heatmaps were used to visualize the likelihood of achieving these targets across dosing strategies, supporting patient-specific redosing recommendations.In critically ill patients, piperacillin-tazobactam is widely used for empiric therapy. However, pathophysiological changes in this population-such as augmented renal clearance (ARC), capillary leakage, fluid resuscitation, and multisystem organ failure (MSOF)-significantly alter drug disposition. Standard dosing (4.5 g every 6 hours via 30-minute infusion) may not provide adequate exposure, particularly in patients with ARC or those undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).To evaluate and optimize empiric dosing in this group, a prospective pharmacokinetic study was conducted using opportunistic sampling. PopPK models were developed for both piperacillin and tazobactam, incorporating renal function (including CRRT status) and weight. PTA simulations were conducted for both standard and alternative dosing regimens (e.g., extended or continuous infusion) to assess achievement of 50% and 100% fTMIC. Heatmaps stratified by renal function highlighted dosing strategies that consistently met pharmacodynamic targets. The goal was to establish an empiric dosing strategy that could be initiated upon ICU admission and refined once pathogen identification and susceptibility data become available.The project's significance lies in its rigorous evaluation of how short drug half-life and renal clearance impact dosing requirements in two vulnerable populations. Without redosing, drug concentrations fall below therapeutic thresholds, increasing the risk of infection, resistance, and poor outcomes. These risks are amplified in settings of fluctuating renal function and altered volume of distribution. By modeling total and free drug concentrations and assessing PTA, this study provides a data-driven framework for dosing that accounts for patient variability.Additionally, this work offers clinical utility through the integration of model-informed precision dosing into routine care. MICC frameworks developed here allow clinicians to stratify patients by renal function or procedure duration and apply simulations to guide redosing frequency. In surgical patients, this addresses a key question: Are current ASHP guidelines sufficient across all patient scenarios? For ICU patients, the study answers whether a universal empiric regimen can reliably cover patients with varying clearance patterns until individualized therapy can be initiated.In conclusion, this project demonstrates that PopPK modeling, combined with PTA simulations and visualization tools such as heatmaps, enables robust, individualized dosing strategies for surgical and critically ill patients. It validates the role of MICC in improving antibiotic therapy by tailoring regimens to patient-specific characteristics and clinical settings. These findings support future refinement of clinical practice guidelines and inform the development of precision-based dosing strategies for other time-dependent antibiotics.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0096.
■650 4▼aPharmaceutical sciences
■650 4▼aPharmacology
■653 ▼aHealthcare-associated infections
■653 ▼aIntensive care unit
■653 ▼aSurgical site infections
■653 ▼aModel-informed clinical care
■690 ▼a0572
■690 ▼a0419
■690 ▼a0769
■71020▼aThe University of Iowa▼bPharmacology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0096
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358520▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


