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Towards Risk-Aware Planning in Uncertain Environments
Towards Risk-Aware Planning in Uncertain Environments
Towards Risk-Aware Planning in Uncertain Environments

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105223
ISBN  
9798291566381
DDC  
621
저자명  
Michaux, Jonathan.
서명/저자  
Towards Risk-Aware Planning in Uncertain Environments
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
135 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Vasudevan, Ram.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Robotic manipulators have the potential to enhance modern healthcare by performing diagnostic procedures in point-of-care settings, assisting surgeons in operating rooms, and accelerating the discovery of novel therapeutics in research laboratories. However, researchers must address several key challenges to ensure robots can accomplish these important tasks. First, robots should be autonomous. This means robots should be capable of sensing their surroundings, gathering and learning from new information, and making their own decisions about how to accomplish specific tasks. Second, robots should be safe and only perform actions that are guaranteed to not damage objects in the environment, nearby humans, or even the robot itself. Third, robots should be robust to uncertainty. For example, a research robot should be able to clear instruments from a workbench without knowing the exact mass or friction coefficient of each instrument. Finally, robots should operate in real-time. This ensures that robots can quickly adapt their behavior to task or environment changes.The goal of this thesis is to address the challenges discussed above by developing a novel motion planning framework that integrates perception, reachability analysis, and control algorithms to generate safe trajectories in a receding horizon fashion. The proposed framework is the result of the following major contributions: (1) the development of a core trajectory planning framework based on reachability analysis; (2) the development a novel sphere-based safety representation that facilitates the integration of perception models into the planning framework; and, (3) the application of the trajectory planner as a novel differentiable neural network layer. My approach is distinctive in three ways. First, it ensures that both safety and dynamics constraints are robust to uncertainty and satisfied in continuous-time rather than discrete-time. Second, it studies how to integrate artificial intelligence, trajectory optimization, and control into a coherent framework for robot learning with theoretical guarantees. Third, by leveraging accelerated computer hardware, the proposed framework is computationally tractable and capable of being implemented in real-time on real robotic systems. In this thesis, we demonstrate this framework's effectiveness by solving a variety of challenging motion planning and manipulation tasks in simulation and on real hardware.The first major contribution of this thesis is the development of an algorithm called Autonomous Robust Manipulation via Optimization with Uncertainty-aware Reachability, or ARMOUR. As we show throughout this thesis, ARMOUR is the core algorithm of the proposed planning framework. The key insight behind ARMOUR is to combine classical robotics algorithms with interval arithmetic to compute reachable sets that overapproximate the behavior of the robot in continuous-time. This allows one to use the forward kinematics to overapproximate the swept volume of the robot and inverse dynamics to overapproximate its dynamics. ARMOUR integrates a technique called reachability analysis with a novel nonlinear robust controller to generate safe trajectories that a robot follows in successive steps to reach a goal state. At every planning iteration, a continuum of parameterized trajectories is used to construct reachable sets that overapproximate all of the robot's positions, velocities, and torques that can be reached from a given set of initial conditions over a specified interval of time. To account for uncertainty in the robot dynamics, the position reachable set is buffered by the robust controller's worst-case tracking error. Using the reachable sets as constraints, ARMOUR solves a nonlinear optimization problem to find a trajectory that brings the robot close to a desired goal, is guaranteed to avoid collisions with obstacles, and satisfies the position, velocity, and torque limits of the robot. ARMOUR is demonstrated to outperform other state-of-the-art motion planning algorithms such as ARMTD and CHOMP. The second major contribution of this thesis addresses two key limitations of ARMOUR by developing of an algorithm called Safe Planning for Articulated Robots using Reachability-based Obstacle avoidance With Spheres, or SPARROWS. First, the obstacle-avoidance reachable sets constructed by ARMOUR are overly conservative. This can make it difficult for ARMOUR to generate motion plans in cluttered scenes. Second, ARMOUR assumes all obstacles in the scene are known and can be modelled as convex polytopes. To overcome these limitations, SPARROWS develops a novel sphere-based representation that is shown to be far less conservative than ARMOUR. This results in more flexible, less conservative planning in cluttered environments, significantly outperforming additional state-of-the-art motion planners such as TrajOpt, MPOT, and cuRoboFinally, this thesis introduces SPLANNING, a perception-based, risk-aware trajectory planning framework. Unlike ARMOUR and SPARROWS, SPLANNING represents complex scenes as collections of normalized 3D Gaussian splats. This representation provides a smooth and fully differentiable description of the workspace, avoiding the limitations of point clouds and occupancy grids. SPLANNING combines the 3D Gaussians with the spherical reachable sets from SPARROWS to compute an upper bound on the probability of collision between the robot and its environment. This bound is then used as a constraint in a gradient-based optimization framework, enabling real-time planning in visually complex scenarios. Together, ARMOUR, SPARROWS, and SPLANNING form the first reachability-based framework that unifies perception, planning, and control into a general approach for safe and efficient manipulation under uncertainty. 
일반주제명  
Mechanical engineering
일반주제명  
Robotics
일반주제명  
Computer engineering
키워드  
Robots
키워드  
Motion planning
키워드  
Convex polytopes
키워드  
Polynomial zonotopes
키워드  
Manipulation
기타저자  
University of Michigan Robotics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aMichaux,  Jonathan.
■24510▼aTowards  Risk-Aware  Planning  in  Uncertain  Environments
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a135  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Vasudevan,  Ram.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aRobotic  manipulators  have  the  potential  to  enhance  modern  healthcare  by  performing  diagnostic  procedures  in  point-of-care  settings,  assisting  surgeons  in  operating  rooms,  and  accelerating  the  discovery  of  novel  therapeutics  in  research  laboratories.  However,  researchers  must  address  several  key  challenges  to  ensure  robots  can  accomplish  these  important  tasks.  First,  robots  should  be  autonomous.  This  means  robots  should  be  capable  of  sensing  their  surroundings,  gathering  and  learning  from  new  information,  and  making  their  own  decisions  about  how  to  accomplish  specific  tasks.  Second,  robots  should  be  safe  and  only  perform  actions  that  are  guaranteed  to  not  damage  objects  in  the  environment,  nearby  humans,  or  even  the  robot  itself.  Third,  robots  should  be  robust  to  uncertainty.  For  example,  a  research  robot  should  be  able  to  clear  instruments  from  a  workbench  without  knowing  the  exact  mass  or  friction  coefficient  of  each  instrument.  Finally,  robots  should  operate  in  real-time.  This  ensures  that  robots  can  quickly  adapt  their  behavior  to  task  or  environment  changes.The  goal  of  this  thesis  is  to  address  the  challenges  discussed  above  by  developing  a  novel  motion  planning  framework  that  integrates  perception,  reachability  analysis,  and  control  algorithms  to  generate  safe  trajectories  in  a  receding  horizon  fashion.  The  proposed  framework  is  the  result  of  the  following  major  contributions:  (1)  the  development  of  a  core  trajectory  planning  framework  based  on  reachability  analysis;  (2)  the  development  a  novel  sphere-based  safety  representation  that  facilitates  the  integration  of  perception  models  into  the  planning  framework;  and,  (3)  the  application  of  the  trajectory  planner  as  a  novel  differentiable  neural  network  layer.  My  approach  is  distinctive  in  three  ways.  First,  it  ensures  that  both  safety  and  dynamics  constraints  are  robust  to  uncertainty  and  satisfied  in  continuous-time  rather  than  discrete-time.  Second,  it  studies  how  to  integrate  artificial  intelligence,  trajectory  optimization,  and  control  into  a  coherent  framework  for  robot  learning  with  theoretical  guarantees.  Third,  by  leveraging  accelerated  computer  hardware,  the  proposed  framework  is  computationally  tractable  and  capable  of  being  implemented  in  real-time  on  real  robotic  systems.  In  this  thesis,  we  demonstrate  this  framework's  effectiveness  by  solving  a  variety  of  challenging  motion  planning  and  manipulation  tasks  in  simulation  and  on  real  hardware.The  first  major  contribution  of  this  thesis  is  the  development  of  an  algorithm  called  Autonomous  Robust  Manipulation  via  Optimization  with  Uncertainty-aware  Reachability,  or  ARMOUR.  As  we  show  throughout  this  thesis,  ARMOUR  is  the  core  algorithm  of  the  proposed  planning  framework.  The  key  insight  behind  ARMOUR  is  to  combine  classical  robotics  algorithms  with  interval  arithmetic  to  compute  reachable  sets  that  overapproximate  the  behavior  of  the  robot  in  continuous-time.  This  allows  one  to  use  the  forward  kinematics  to  overapproximate  the  swept  volume  of  the  robot  and  inverse  dynamics  to  overapproximate  its  dynamics.  ARMOUR  integrates  a  technique  called  reachability  analysis  with  a  novel  nonlinear  robust  controller  to  generate  safe  trajectories  that  a  robot  follows  in  successive  steps  to  reach  a  goal  state.  At  every  planning  iteration,  a  continuum  of  parameterized  trajectories  is  used  to  construct  reachable  sets  that  overapproximate  all  of  the  robot's  positions,  velocities,  and  torques  that  can  be  reached  from  a  given  set  of  initial  conditions  over  a  specified  interval  of  time.  To  account  for  uncertainty  in  the  robot  dynamics,  the  position  reachable  set  is  buffered  by  the  robust  controller's  worst-case  tracking  error.  Using  the  reachable  sets  as  constraints,  ARMOUR  solves  a  nonlinear  optimization  problem  to  find  a  trajectory  that  brings  the  robot  close  to  a  desired  goal,  is  guaranteed  to  avoid  collisions  with  obstacles,  and  satisfies  the  position,  velocity,  and  torque  limits  of  the  robot.  ARMOUR  is  demonstrated  to  outperform  other  state-of-the-art  motion  planning  algorithms  such  as  ARMTD  and  CHOMP. The  second  major  contribution  of  this  thesis  addresses  two  key  limitations  of  ARMOUR  by  developing  of  an  algorithm  called  Safe  Planning  for  Articulated  Robots  using  Reachability-based  Obstacle  avoidance  With  Spheres,  or  SPARROWS.  First,  the  obstacle-avoidance  reachable  sets  constructed  by  ARMOUR  are  overly  conservative.  This  can  make  it  difficult  for  ARMOUR  to  generate  motion  plans  in  cluttered  scenes.  Second,  ARMOUR  assumes  all  obstacles  in  the  scene  are  known  and  can  be  modelled  as  convex  polytopes.  To  overcome  these  limitations,  SPARROWS  develops  a  novel  sphere-based  representation  that  is  shown  to  be  far  less  conservative  than  ARMOUR.  This  results  in  more  flexible,  less  conservative  planning  in  cluttered  environments,  significantly  outperforming  additional  state-of-the-art  motion  planners  such  as  TrajOpt,  MPOT,  and  cuRoboFinally,  this  thesis  introduces  SPLANNING,  a  perception-based,  risk-aware  trajectory  planning  framework.  Unlike  ARMOUR  and  SPARROWS,  SPLANNING  represents  complex  scenes  as  collections  of  normalized  3D  Gaussian  splats.  This  representation  provides  a  smooth  and  fully  differentiable  description  of  the  workspace,  avoiding  the  limitations  of  point  clouds  and  occupancy  grids.  SPLANNING  combines  the  3D  Gaussians  with  the  spherical  reachable  sets  from  SPARROWS  to  compute  an  upper  bound  on  the  probability  of  collision  between  the  robot  and  its  environment.  This  bound  is  then  used  as  a  constraint  in  a  gradient-based  optimization  framework,  enabling  real-time  planning  in  visually  complex  scenarios.  Together,  ARMOUR,  SPARROWS,  and  SPLANNING  form  the  first  reachability-based  framework  that  unifies  perception,  planning,  and  control  into  a  general  approach  for  safe  and  efficient  manipulation  under  uncertainty. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aMechanical  engineering
■650  4▼aRobotics
■650  4▼aComputer  engineering
■653    ▼aRobots
■653    ▼aMotion  planning
■653    ▼aConvex  polytopes
■653    ▼aPolynomial  zonotopes
■653    ▼aManipulation
■690    ▼a0771
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0548
■690    ▼a0464
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bRobotics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359843▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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